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    Legal research, analysis, & writing / William H. Putman, Jennifer R. Albright.

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    • Title:Legal research, analysis, & writing / William H. Putman, Jennifer R. Albright.
    •    
    • Variant Title:Legal research, analysis, and writing
    • Author/Creator:Putman, William H., author.
    • Other Contributors/Collections:Albright, Jennifer R., author.
    • Published/Created:Boston, MA : Cengage Learning, [2024]

    • Holdings

      Holdings Record Display

       
    • Library of Congress Subjects:Legal research--United States.
      Legal composition.
    • Edition:Fifth edition.
    • Description:xx, 634 pages : color illustrations ; 28 cm
    • Notes:Previous edition: Boston: Cengage Learning, 2018.
      Includes bibliographical references and index.
    • ISBN:9780357619445 paperback
      0357619447 paperback
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: pt. 1 Introduction to Research, Analytical Principles, and the Legal Process
      ch. 1 Introduction to Leqal Principles and Authorities
      I. Introduction
      II. Sources of Law
      A. Constitutions
      B. Enacted Law
      C. Common Law or Case Law
      III. Hierarchy of the Law
      IV. Authority
      A. Types of Authority
      B. Role of Authority
      V. Introduction to Legal Citation I
      A. Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation
      B. ALWD Guide to Legal Citation
      VI. Key Points Checklist: Legal Principles and Authorities
      VII. Application
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      ch. 2 Introduction to Legal Research and Analysis
      I. Introduction
      II. Legal Analysis Defined
      III. Legal Research and the Analysis Process
      A. Facts and Key Terms
      B. Preliminary Research
      C. IRAC Analysis
      IV. General Considerations
      A. Focus
      B. Ethics
      Intellectual Honesty
      C. When to Stop Researching
      V. Key Points Checklist: Legal Research and Analysis
      VI. Application
      A. Battery Issue
      B. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress Issue
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      pt. 2 Legal Research
      ch. 3 Constitutions, Statutes, Administrative Law, and Court Rules
      Research and Analysis
      I. Introduction
      II. Anatomy of a Statute
      A. Numbers
      B. Short Title
      C. Purpose Clause
      D. Scope
      E. Definitions
      F. Substantive Provisions
      G. Annotations/Reference Information
      III. Statutory Research
      Locating Statutes
      A. Federal Law
      B. State Statutory Law and Codes
      C. Research Process
      Techniques and Strategies
      D. Ethics
      Competence and Diligence
      IV. Administrative Law
      A. Federal Administrative Law
      B. State Administrative Law
      V. Court Rules
      VI. Analysis
      The Process
      A. Step 1: Determine if the Statute Applies
      B. Step 2: Analyze the Statute
      C. Step 3: Apply the Statute to the Legal Problem or Issue
      D. Summary of the Statutory Analysis Process
      VII. General Considerations
      A. Legislative History
      B. Canons of Construction
      VIII. Citing Constitutions, Statutes, Administrative Law, and Court Rules
      A. Citing Constitutions
      B. Citing Statutes
      C. Citing Administrative Law
      D. Citing Court Rules
      E. Sections and Paragraphs
      IX. Key Points Checklist: Working with Statutes
      X. Application
      A. Chapter Hypothetical
      B. Will Revocation Statute
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      ch. 4 Case Law-Research and Briefing
      I. Introduction
      II. Court Opinions
      In General
      III. Court Opinions
      Importance
      IV. Court Opinions
      Elements
      A. In General
      B. Annotated versus Unannotated Court Opinions
      C. Elements of a Reported Case
      V. Court Opinions
      Publication and Researching
      A. Publication of Court Opinions
      B. Researching Court Opinions
      Locating Case Law
      VI. Court Opinions
      Briefing (Case Brief)
      A. Introduction
      B. Importance of Briefing
      C. How to Read a Case
      D. Case Brief
      Elements
      E. Case Brief
      Updating
      VII. Citing Case Law
      A. Case Names
      B. Public DomainA/endor-Neutral Citations
      C. Reporter(s)
      D. Parenthetical Information
      E. Other Considerations
      VIII. Key Points Checklist: Locating, Reading, and Briefing Court Opinion
      IX. Application
      A. Locating Miera v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co.
      B. Brief of Miera v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co.
      C. Comments on the Case Brief
      D. Brief of Sterling Computer Systems of Texas, Inc. v. Texas Pipe Bending Company
      E. Comments on the Case Brief
      Procedural versus Substantive Issues
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      ch. 5 Secondary Authority and Other Research Sources
      Encyclopedias, Treatises, American Law Reports, Digests, Shepard's
      I. Introduction
      II. Legal Encyclopedias
      A. National Encyclopedias
      B. State Encyclopedias
      C. Foreign Encyclopedias
      III. Treatises
      A. Types and Features of Treatises
      B. Research Using Treatises
      IV. American Law Reports
      A. ALR Components
      B. Research Using ALR
      V. Digests
      A. West's Key Number Digest System
      B. Components of West's Digests
      C. Types of Digests
      D. Research Using Digests
      VI. Updating and Validating Research
      A. Using Shepard's Online
      B. Shepardizing Statutes, Constitutions, and Regulations
      C. Using Westlaw's KeyCite
      D. Other Online Citator Services
      VII. Research Using Citators
      A. Research Using Shepard's Citations
      B. Research Using KeyCite
      VIII. Citing Legal Encyclopedias, Treatises, and American Law Reports
      A. Legal Encyclopedias
      B. Treatises and Books
      C. American Law Reports
      D. Short Form Citation
      IX. Key Points Checklist: Secondary Authority
      X. Application
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      ch. 6 Secondary Authority
      Periodicals, Restatements, Uniform Laws, Dictionaries, Legislative History, and Other Secondary Authorities
      I. Introduction
      II. Legal Periodicals
      A. Types of Legal Periodicals
      B. Research Using Legal Periodicals
      III. Restatements of the Law
      A. Restatement Features
      B. Research Using Restatements of the Law
      IV. Uniform Laws and Model Acts
      A. Features of Uniform Laws and Model Acts
      B. Research Using Uniform and Model Laws
      V. Dictionaries and Words and Phrases
      A. Legal Dictionaries
      B. Words and Phrases
      VI. Legislative History
      A. Federal Legislative History Sources
      B. Researching Federal Legislative History
      C. State Legislative History
      VII. Jury Instructions
      Other Research Sources
      A. Jury Instructions
      B. Practice and Form Books
      C. Loose-Leaf Services
      D. Presidential Materials
      VIII. Citing Periodicals, Restatements, Uniform Laws, Dictionaries, and Other Secondary Authorities
      A. Restatements
      B. Legal Dictionaries
      C. Uniform Laws
      D. Loose-Leaf Services
      IX. Key Points Checklist: Periodicals, Restatements, Uniform Laws, Dictionaries, Legislative History, and Other Secondary Authorities
      X. Application
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      ch. 7 Computers and Internet Legal Research
      I. Introduction
      A. In General
      B. Ethics
      II. Conducting Legal Research Using Internet Sources
      A. Determine the Scope and Objective of the Research Project
      B. Locate a Relevant Website
      C. Searching a Specific Website
      D. Best Practices for Keeping Research Focused
      E. Limitations Inherent in Internet Sources
      III. Internet Law-Related Websites
      A. Legal Search Engines
      B. Law Schools
      C. Federal Government Sources
      D. State Sources
      E. Secondary Authority and Specialty Areas
      F. Listservs
      G. Organizations
      IV. Citing Internet Sources
      V. Key Points Checklist: Computers and Legal Research I
      VI. Application
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Exercises
      ch. 8 Commercial Internet Research
      I. Introduction
      A. Getting Started on Any Commercial Legal Research Site
      B. Boolean Searching
      C. Plain English Searching
      II. Westlaw
      A. Getting Started
      B. Finding Primary Authority
      C. Finding Secondary Authority
      D. Filters
      E. Search Results
      F. Printing and Saving
      III. LexisNexis
      A. Nexis Uni
      B. LexisNexis
      Lexis Advance
      IV. Other Commercial (Fee-Based) Internet Research Sources I
      A. VersusLaw
      B. Fastcase I
      C. Casemaker
      D. Bloomberg Law
      E. HeinOnline I
      V. Citing Commercial Internet Sources
      VI. Key Points Checklist: Commercial Internet Research
      VII. Application
      A. Chapter Hypothetical
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises I
      pt. 3 Specifics of Legal Analysis
      ch. 9 Legal Analysis-Key Facts
      I. Introduction
      II. Facts in General
      Definition
      III. Importance of Facts
      IV. Types of Facts in General
      A. Irrelevant Facts
      B. Background Facts
      C. Key Facts
      V. Key Facts
      Definition and Types
      A. Definition
      B. Types of Key Facts
      VI. Key Facts Identification
      Client's Case
      A. Step 1: Identify Each Cause of Action
      B. Step 2: Determine the Elements of Each Cause of Action
      C. Step 3: List All Facts Related to the Elements
      D. Step 4: Determine Which Facts Apply
      E. Multiple Issues
      VII. Key Facts Identification
      Case Law
      A. Step 1: Read the Entire Case
      B. Step 2: Look to the Holding
      C. Step 3: Identify the Key Facts
      D. Multiple Issues
      VIII. Key Points Checklist: Key Facts
      IX. Application
      A. Client's Fact Situation
      B. Court Opinion
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      ch. 10 Legal Analysis: Issue Identification
      Spotting the Issue
      I. Introduction
      II. Definition and Types
      III. Elements
      A. Applicable Law
      B. Legal Question
      C. Key Facts
      D. Examples
      IV. Issue Identification
      Client's Case
      A. Step 1: Identify Each Type of Cause of Action
      B. Step 2: Determine the Elements of Each Cause of Action
      C. Step 3: Determine the Key Facts
      D. Step 4: Assemble the Issue
      E. Summary of the Four-Step Process
      F. Multiple Issues
      V. Issue Identification
      Case Law
      A. Step 1: General Question
      Contents note continued: B. Step 2: Look to the Holding
      C. Step 3: Assemble the Issue
      D. Other Aids
      Case Law Issue Identification
      E. Multiple Issues
      VI. Key Points Checklist: Spotting the Issue
      VII. Application
      A. Client's Fact Situation
      B. Court Opinion
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      Analysis
      Conclusion
      ch. 11 Legal Analysis: Stating the Issue
      I. Introduction
      II. Shorthand or Broad Statement of the Issue
      III. Comprehensive or Narrow Statement of the Issue
      IV. Issue
      Law Component
      A. Issue Based on Case Law
      B. Issue Based on Enacted Law
      C. Format of the Law Component
      V. Issue
      Question Component
      VI. Issue
      Significant or Key Facts Component
      VII. Ethics
      Objectively Stating the Issue
      VIII. General Considerations
      A. Name
      B. Approach
      C. Multiple Issues
      IX. Key Points Checklist: Stating the Issue
      X. Application
      A. Chapter Hypothetical
      B. Battery
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      ch. 12 Case Law Analysis-Is a Case On Point?
      I. Introduction
      II. Definition
      On Point
      III. On Point
      Importance
      A. Precedent
      B. Mandatory Precedent
      C. Persuasive Precedent
      D. Stare Decisis
      E. Role of Precedent
      IV. Determining If a Case Is On Point
      A. Step 1: Are the Key Facts Sufficiently Similar?
      B. Step 2: Are the Rules or Principles of Law Sufficiently Similar?
      V. Key Points Checklist: Is a Case On Point?
      VI. Application
      A. Chapter Hypothetical
      B. Libel Case
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises I
      ch. 13 Counter-analysis
      I. Introduction
      II. Counteranalysis
      Definition
      III. Counteranalysis
      Why?
      IV. Counteranalysis
      When?
      V. Counteranalysis
      Research Sources
      VI. Counteranalysis
      Techniques
      A. In General
      B. Enacted Law
      C. Case Law
      VII. Counteranalysis Techniques
      Comments
      VIII. Counteranalysis
      Where?
      A. Court Brief
      B. Interoffice Research Memorandum
      IX. Key Points Checklist: Counteranalysis
      X. Application
      A. Chapter Hypothetical
      B. Counteranalysis
      Reliance on Legislative Act
      C. Counteranalysis
      Reliance on Court Opinion
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      pt. 4 Legal Writing
      ch. 14 Fundamentals of Writing
      I. Parts of Speech
      A. Noun
      B. Pronoun
      C. Verb
      D. Adjective
      E. Adverb
      F. Preposition
      G. Conjunction
      II. Sentences
      A. Sentence Structure or Pattern
      B. Basic Rules in Sentence Writing
      III. Paragraphs
      A. Topic Sentence of a Paragraph
      B. Paragraph Body
      C. Closing Sentence of a Paragraph
      D. Transition Sentences
      E. Paragraph Length
      IV. Word Selection and Usage
      A. Excessive or Redundant Words
      B. Noun-Verb Strings
      C. Nominalizations
      D. Legalese
      E. Archaic Terms
      F. Gendered Language
      G. Specific Words
      Problem Areas
      V. Grammar
      A. Subject-Verb Agreement
      B. Verb Tense
      C. Parallel Construction
      D. Superfluous Verbs
      E. Modifiers and Infinitives
      F. Noun-Pronoun Agreement
      G. Adverbs, Adjectives, and Conjunctions
      VI. Punctuation
      A. Comma (,)
      B. Semicolon (;)
      C. Colon (:)
      D. Apostrophe (')
      E. Quotation Marks (" ")
      F. Ellipses (three spaced dots)
      G. Brackets ([ ])
      H. Parentheses ( )
      I. Hyphen (-)
      J. Dash (
      )
      K. Period (.)
      L. Question Mark (?)
      M. Exclamation Point (!)
      VII. General Considerations
      A. Spelling
      B. Numbers
      C. Formal Writing Conventions
      VIII. Key Points Checklist: Fundamentals of Writing
      IX. Application
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      For Further Reading
      ch. 15 Writing Process for Effective Legal Writing
      I. Introduction
      II. Importance of Writing Skills
      III. Goal of Legal Writing
      IV. Legal Writing Process
      A. Prewriting Stage
      B. Writing Stage
      C. Postwriting Stage
      V. General Research Suggestions
      VI. Key Points Checklist: The Writing Process
      A. Prewriting Stage
      B. Writing Stage
      C. Postwriting Stage
      Summary I
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      ch. 16 Office Legal Memorandum: Issues and Facts
      I. Introduction
      II. Definition
      III. Purposes, Uses, and Importance
      IV. Prewriting Stage
      A. Nature of the Assignment
      B. Constraints on the Assignment
      C. Organization of the Assignment
      V. Sections of the Office Memorandum
      A. Heading
      B. Statement of Assignment
      C. Issue
      D. Brief Answer
      E. Statement of Facts
      VI. Key Points Checklist: Office Legal Memorandum
      Issues and Facts
      VII. Application
      Statement of Assignment
      Issue
      Brief Answer
      Statement of Facts
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      ch. 17 Office Legal Memorandum: Analysis to Conclusion
      I. Introduction
      II. Analysis Section
      A. Analysis Format
      B. Analysis Part A: Rule of Law
      C. Analysis Part B: Rule of Law Interpretation
      Case Law
      D. Analysis Part C: Application of Rule of Law to Client's Case
      E. Analysis Part D: Counteranalysis
      III. Conclusion
      IV. Recommendations
      V. General Considerations
      A. Heading
      B. Introductory Sentences
      C. Transition Sentences
      D. Paragraphs
      E. Persuasive Precedent
      F. Conclusions
      G. Revisions and Drafts
      H. Additional Authority
      VI. Key Points Checklist: Office Legal Memorandum
      Analysis to Conclusion
      VII. Application
      A. Example 1
      B. Example 2
      C. Comments on Examples
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      ch. 18 External Memoranda: Court Briefs
      I. Introduction
      II. General Considerations
      A. Similarities
      Court Briefs and Office Memoranda
      B. Dissimilarities
      Court Briefs and Office Memoranda
      III. Trial Court Briefs
      A. Audience
      B. Constraints
      C. Format or Content
      IV. Appellate Court Briefs
      A. Audience I
      B. Constraints
      C. Format or Content
      V. Key Points Checklist: External Memoranda-Court Briefs
      VI. Application
      A. Trial Brief
      B. Comments
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises
      ch. 19 Correspondence
      I. Introduction
      II. Basic Components
      A. Letterhead
      B. Date
      C. Method of Delivery
      D. Recipient's Address Block
      E. Reference (Re:) Line
      F. Salutation
      G. Body
      H. Closing
      I. Signature and Title
      J. Initials of Drafter
      K. Enclosure Notation
      L. Others Receiving Copies
      M. Format Style
      N. General Considerations
      All Correspondence
      III. Types of Correspondence
      A. Information Letter
      B. Opinion Letter
      C. Demand or Advocacy Letter
      IV. Key Points Checklist: Correspondence
      V. Application
      A. Example
      Information Letter
      B. Example
      Opinion Letter
      C. Comments on Examples
      Summary
      Key Terms
      Internet Resources
      Exercises.
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