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    Designing & conducting ethnographic research : an introduction / Margaret D. LeCompte and Jean J. Schensul.

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    • Title:Designing & conducting ethnographic research : an introduction / Margaret D. LeCompte and Jean J. Schensul.
    •    
    • Variant Title:Designing and conducting ethnographic research
    • Author/Creator:LeCompte, Margaret Diane.
    • Other Contributors/Collections:Schensul, Jean J.
    • Published/Created:Lanham, Md. : AltaMira Press, ©2010.

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    • Library of Congress Subjects:Ethnology--Research.
      Ethnology--Methodology.
      Research--Evaluation.
    • Edition:2nd ed.
    • Description:xx, 356 p. : ill ; 23 cm.
    • Series:Ethnographer's toolkit ; 1.
    • Summary:Introduces novice and expert practitioners alike to the process of ethnographic research. Defines the qualitative research enterprise, links research strategies to theoretical paradigms, and outlines the ways in which an ethnographic study can be designed. From publisher description.
    • Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
    • ISBN:9780759118690 (pbk. : alk. paper)
      0759118698 (pbk. : alk. paper)
      9780759118706 (electronic)
      0759118701 (electronic)
    • Contents:Chapter 1. What Is Ethnography?
      Ethnography as Science
      Historical Evolution of Ethnographic Methods
      Ethnography for Problem Identification and Solving
      Characteristics of Ethnography
      What Is Culture? Differentiating the Individual from the Cultural
      Note on Ethnicity, Culture, and Race
      Power, Situatedness, and Positionality
      Impact of Cultural Politics on Identity and Research
      Chapter 2. When, Where, and By Whom Should Ethnography Be Used?
      Situations Requiring Ethnographic Research
      Settings Appropriate for Ethnographic Research
      Who Should Do Ethnographic Research?
      Important Personality and Stylistic Requisites for Ethnographers
      Chapter 3. Paradigms for Framing the Conduct of Ethnographic Research
      Multiple Perspectives: A Cultural Way of Doing Research
      What Are Research Paradigms?
      Positivist Paradigm
      Critical Paradigm
      Interpretive Paradigms: Meaning-Making in Interactional Contexts
      Ecological Paradigm
      Social Network Paradigm
      Paradigmatic Synthesis
      Summary
      Chapter 4. Overview of Research Design
      Research Design: A Blueprint for Action
      Research Designs in Social Science Research
      Quantitative Designs
      Qualitative Designs
      Rapid or Compressed Research
      Mixing Designs: Integrating Quantitative and Experimental with Qualitative Research Designs
      Chapter 5. Choosing and Designing an Ethnographic Research Project
      Where Do Research Questions Come From?
      Deciding What to Investigate: Transforming Research Purposes into the Elements of a Research Design
      Putting Together the Elements of a Research Design
      Elaborating Research Questions
      What Are Data?
      Processes of Operationalization and Research Modeling
      Conceptualizing Research Models and Conceptual Modeling
      Identifying Populations and Study Sites
      Strategies for Selection of Sampling and Units for Study
      Chapter 6. Collecting Ethnographic Data
      Techniques for Collecting Multiple Types of Data
      Resources and Logistics: How Ethnographers Allocate Time, Money, and Staff
      Creating Planning Documents and Timelines
      Summary
      Chapter 7. Data Analysis: How Ethnographers Make Sense of Their Data
      Analysis as Both a Cognitive Process and a Technical Procedure
      "Chunking" Data into Large Conceptual Categories or "Bins"
      Defining Terms: Operational and Conceptual Levels of Analysis
      Finding Initial Themes or Regularities
      Item Level of Analysis: Isolating Empirical "Bits" from Streams of Data
      Pattern Level of Analysis: Aggregating Similar or Related Items into Groups
      Structural Level of Analysis: Assembling Multiple Patterns into Structures or Local Theories Informed by Conceptual Domains
      Seeking Complex Relationships across Domains and Structures by Using Multiple Levels and Sources of Data
      Interpreting the Results: Figuring Out What the Story Means
      Levels of Theory
      Summary
      Chapter 8. Identifying and Building Research Teams and Research Partnerships
      Building and Conducting Ethnographic Team Research
      Building Interdisciplinary Community Research Partnerships
      Challenges and Rewards in Ethnographic Teamwork, and Interdisciplinary Intersectoral Collaborations
      Chapter 9. Applying Ethnography
      Introduction to Applying Ethnography
      Products of Ethnography
      Informing Public Audiences: Dissemination
      Developing Interventions: Formative Research
      Improving Quantitative Instruments
      Influencing Teacher/Educator Practice
      Democratizing Ethnography through Participatory Action Research
      Improving Process and Outcome Evaluations
      Influencing Policy
      Supporting Advocacy
      Contributing to Science
      Summary
      Chapter 10. Protection of Risk to Human Subjects and the Ethics of Ethnographic Fieldwork
      Brief History of Concern for the Ethical Treatment of Research Participants
      Ethics and the Individual Researcher
      Ethics and Institutional Issues
      Special Concerns and Ethical Responsibilities of Ethnographers
      Conclusion.
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