Holdings Information

Bibliographic Record Display

• Title:Streamlining free radical green chemistry / V. Tamara Perchyonok, Ioannis Lykakis, Al Postigo.
  
•    
• Author/Creator:Perchyonok, V. Tamara.
  
• Other Contributors/Collections:Lykakis, Ioannis.
  Postigo, Al.
  Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain)
  
• Published/Created:Cambridge : RSC Publishing, ©2012.
  

• Holdings

  Holdings Record Display

  • Location:WOODWARD LIBRARY stacksWhere is this?
    
  • Call Number: QD471 .P425 2012
    
  • Number of Items:1
    
  • Status:Available
    
  • Links:Donor bookplate
    

   
• Library of Congress Subjects:Free radicals (Chemistry)
  Free radical reactions.
  Free radicals (Chemistry)--Industrial applications.
  
• Description:xxiv, 779 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
  
• Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
  
• ISBN:9781849733328
  1849733325
  
• Contents:Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Development of Free Radical Green Chemistry and Technology: Journey through Times, Solvents, Causes, Effects and Assessments
  1.1. Introduction
  1.2. Major Use of Free Radical Green Chemistry from the Beginning
  1.3. Alternative Feedstocks
  1.3.1. Innocuous or More Innocuous
  1.3.2. Renewable
  1.3.3. Light
  1.3.4. Solve Other Environmental Problems
  1.3.5. Biocatalysis
  1.4. Benign Reagents/Synthetic Pathways
  1.4.1. Innocuous or More Innocuous
  1.4.2. Generates Less Waste
  1.4.3. Selective
  1.4.4. Catalytic
  1.5. Biomass: Utilization and Sustainability
  1.6. Green Chemical Syntheses and Processes
  1.7. Basic Radical Chemistry: Structure, Reactions and Rates
  1.7.1. General Aspects of Synthesis with Radicals: Advantages and Traditions
  1.7.2. Reactions Between Radicals
  1.7.3. Reaction Between a Radical and a Non-radical
  1.7.4. Reactivity and Selectivity
  1.7.5. Enthalpy: In Brief
  1.7.6. Entropy
  1.7.7. Steric Effects
  1.7.8. Stereoelectronic Effects
  1.7.9. Polarity
  1.8. Solvent Effect and Free Radical Transformations: General Understanding
  1.9. Why Water as a Solvent? Reasons and Advantages
  1.9.1. Solubility of Organic Compounds in Water
  1.9.2. Organic Cosolvents
  1.9.3. Ionic Derivatization (pH Control)
  1.9.4. Surfactants
  1.9.5. Hydrophilic Auxiliaries
  1.9.6. Summary
  1.10. Classical Synthesis in Modern Solvents
  1.10.1. Perfluorinated Solvents
  -a Novel Reaction Medium in Organic Chemistry: General Introduction
  1.10.2. Benzotrifluoride and Derivatives: Useful Solvents for Organic Synthesis and Fluorous Synthesis
  1.10.3. Reactions in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (scCO2) as a Novel Reaction Medium
  1.10.4. Solvent-free Reactions as an Alternative: General Interest for Solvent-free Processes
  1.11. Methods of Generating Free Radicals
  1.11.1. Thermal Cracking
  1.11.2. Homolysis of Peroxides and Azo Compounds
  1.11.3. Photolytic Bond Homolysis
  1.11.4. Electron Transfer
  1.11.5. Hydrogen and Halogen Atom Abstraction
  1.11.6. Configuration of Free Radicals
  1.11.7. Elementary Reaction Steps between Radicals and Non-radicals: Reactions of Free Radicals
  1.12. Sustainable "hemistry Metrics and Radical Chemistry: Comparative Approach
  1.12.1. Classical Metrics of Chemical Reactions
  1.12.2. How do Contemporary Free Radical Transformations Hold Up? Focus on Sustainability, Atom Efficiency and Advantages
  1.13. Classics and Catalysis in Free Radical Chemistry: Reagents, Reactants and Protocols
  1.14. Radical cascades and Free Radical Green Chemistry
  1.15. Artificial Enzymes in Free Radical Synthetic Chemistry: the Chemist's Perspective
  1.16. Future Challenges and Opportunities for the Chemical Profession and the Science of Chemistry
  1.17. Environmentally Friendly Economy from Green Chemistry
  1.17.1. Renewable Energy Sources
  1.17.2. Renewable Feedstocks
  1.17.3. Pollution Reduction
  1.17.4. Interdisciplinary Approach
  1.18. Conclusion and Future Direction
  References
  ch. 2 Classical Synthetic Free Radical Transformations in Alternative Media: Supercritical CO2, Ionic Liquids and Fluorous Media
  2.1. Introduction
  2.2. Radicals in Synthetic Chemistry in the Nutshell
  2.3. Reactions between Radicals
  2.4. Elementary Reaction Steps between Radicals and Non-radicals
  2.4.1. Additions
  2.4.2. Substitution (Abstraction) Reactions
  2.4.3. Elimination Reactions
  2.4.4. Rearrangement Reactions
  2.4.5. Termination/Electron Transfer Reactions
  2.5. Reactivity and Selectivity
  2.6. Chain vs. Non-chain Free Radical Processes: Reasons, Relevance and Outlook
  2.7. Radical Reactions in Supercritical Fluids
  2.7.1. Radical Reactions and Supercritical CO2: Is There a Hidden Advantage?
  2.7.2. Radical Reactions in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Detail
  2.7.3. Future Directions
  2.8. Radical Reactions in Ionic Liquids
  2.8.1. Ionic Liquids and Alternative Media: General Introduction
  2.8.2. Radical Chain Reactions in Ionic Liquids: Triethylborane-induced Radical Reactions
  2.8.3. Radical Additions of Thiols to Alkenes and Alkynes in Ionic Liquids
  2.9. Radical Non-Chain Reactions in Ionic Liquids
  2.9.1. Formation of Radicals by Oxidation with Transition Metal Salts: General Perspective
  2.9.2. Oxidations involving Mn(III) in Ionic Liquids
  2.9.3. Supported Ionic Liquids: Versatile Reaction and Separation Media
  -the Latest Developments
  2.9.4. Conclusions and Future Directions
  2.10. Fluorous Chemistry as an Alternative Reaction Medium for Free Radical Transformations
  2.10.1. Fluorous Separation Techniques: from "Liquid-Liquid" to "Solid-Liquid" and "Light Fluorous"
  2.10.2. Fluorous Chemistry and Radicals
  -Combined Efforts to the Rescue
  2.10.3. Fluorous Radical Carbonylation Reactions: from Synthetic Approach to Practical Applications
  2.11. Ishii Oxidation in Detail
  2.12. From Phase-separation to Phase-vanishing Methods based on Fluorous-phase Screen: a Simple Way for the Efficient Execution of Organic Synthesis
  2.13. Conclusions and Future Directions in Fluorous Chemistry
  2.14. General Conclusion
  References
  ch. 3 Solvent-Free Carbon-Carbon Bond Formations in Ball Mills and in the Solid State
  3.1. Introduction
  3.2. Radical Additions to Imines Mediated by Mn(III)
  3.3. Solid-phase Homolytic Substitution in Action
  3.4. Future Directions
  References
  ch. 4 Microwaves in Synthesis: How do Microwaves Promote the Reaction in Conventional and Alternative Media?
  4.1. Introduction
  4.2. Microwave-assisted Fluorous Synthesis
  4.3. Nitroxide-mediated Radical Cyclization and Intramolecular Addition Reactions in Microwaves
  4.3.1. Persistent Radical Effect: General Introduction
  4.4. Radical Addition to C=N bonds in the Microwave
  4.5. Microwave-assisted Generation of Alkoxyl Radicals and their Use in Additions, β-Fragmentations and Remote Functionalization
  4.6. Atom-transfer Reactions as Efficient and Novel Benzannulation Reactions in the Microwave
  4.7. Conclusions and Future Directions
  References
  ch. 5 Asymmetric Free-Radical Reductions Mediated by Chiral Stannanes, Germanes, and Silanes
  5.1. Introduction
  5.2. Stoichiometric Free Radical Reductions
  5.3. Scope and Limitations
  5.4. Examples Relevant to the Fine Chemical Industry
  5.5. Strategies for the Avoidance of Tin Waste
  5.6. Immobilization of Tin Reagents
  5.7. Catalytic Reductions in Tin
  5.8. Reducing Agents based on Germanium and Silicon
  5.9. Summary
  References
  ch. 6 Organic Radical Reductions in Water: Water as a Hydrogen Atom Source
  6.1. Introduction
  6.2. Water-soluble Organosilanes and Synthesis
  6.3. Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane in Water and "on Water"
  6.4. Triethylborane-Water Complex as a Reducing Agent
  6.5. Titanium(III)-Water as a Reducing Agent
  6.6. Summary
  References
  ch. 7 Tin-Free Radical Reactions Mediated by Organoboron Compounds
  7.1. Introduction
  7.2. Organoboranes as Radical Initiators
  7.3. In Reductive Processes
  7.3.1. Reduction of Halides and Related Compounds
  7.3.2. Reductive Addition of Heteroatom-centered Radicals to Alkynes and Alkenes
  7.3.3. In Fragmentation Processes
  7.4. In Atom-transfer Processes
  7.4.1. Iodine Atom Transfer
  7.4.2. Bromine Atom Transfer
  7.4.3. Chlorine Atom Transfer
  7.5. Organoboron Compounds as a Source of Carbon-centered Radicals
  7.5.1. Conjugated Additions to Enones and Enals
  7.5.2. Conjugate Addition to Activated Olefins
  7.5.3. Addition to Imine Derivatives
  7.5.4. C-C Bond Formation via β-Fragmentation Processes
  7.6. Organoboranes as Chain-transfer Reagents
  7.6.1. Via Iodine Atom Transfer
  7.6.2. Via Hydrogen Atom Transfer
  7.7. Organoboron Compounds as Radical-reducing Agents
  7.7.1. Complexes with Tertiary Amines
  7.7.2. Complexes with Water and Alcohols
  7.8. Conclusions
  References
  ch. 8 Thiols as Efficient Hydrogen Atom Donors in Free Radical Transformations in Aqueous Media
  8.1. Introduction
  8.2. Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (TMS3SiH)/thiol System is an Efficient Radical Hydrogen Donor "on Water"
  8.3. Thiol/Azo Initiator System in cis-trans Isomerization of Double Bonds in Aqueous Media
  8.4. Thiols in Peptides: Degradation in Aqueous Media
  8.5. Thiols in C-C Bond Formation in Water
  8.6. Thiol-Ene Coupling as a Click Process for Materials and Bioorganic Chemistry
  8.7. Hydrogen Sulfide in Oxidation and/or Reduction of Organic Compounds
  8.8. Thiyl Radicals and the Influence of Antioxidants/Vitamins
  8.9. Conclusions
  References
  ch. 9 Advances in the Use of Phosphorus-centered Radicals in Organic Synthesis in Conventional Flasks: Advantages, Reasons and Applications
  9.1. Introduction
  9.2. Physical Organic Aspects
  9.3. Use of P-centered Radicals as Mediators
  9.4. Synthetic Applications of P-centered Radical Additions
  9.4.1. Phosphinyl Radicals
  9.4.2. Phosphonyl Radicals
  9.5. Radicals from Hypophosphites and Phosphinates
  9.6. Phosphinoyl Radicals
  9.6.1. Thiophosphonyl and Other Sulfurcontaining Radicals
  9.7. Elimination of Organophosphorus Radicals
  9.7.1. Phosphoranyl Radicals
  9.7.2. β-Elimination of P-centered Radicals
  9.8. Conclusion and Perspectives
  References
  Contents note continued: ch. 10 Metal-based Homogeneous Catalysis and Free Radical Synthesis: Advantages, Developments and Scope
  10.1. Introduction
  10.2. Metal-mediated Reduction and Oxidation Reactions in Water
  10.3. Metal-radical-mediated Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Reactions in Water
  10.3.1. Metal-mediated Radical Cyclizations in Water
  10.3.2. Reformatzky Reactions in Water
  10.3.3. Alkylation of Carbonyl Compounds, Imine Derivatives and Electron-deficient Alkenes in Water
  10.3.4. Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Imine-derivatives in Water
  10.3.5. Radical Conjugate Additions to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds in Water
  10.3.6. Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones
  10.3.7. Metal-mediated Mannich-type Reactions in Water
  10.3.8. Pinacol and Other Coupling Reactions in Water
  10.4. Conclusion and Future Direction
  Acknowledgments
  References
  ch. 11 Radicals and Transition-metal Catalysis: a Complementary Solution to Increase Reactivity and Selectivity in Organic Chemistry
  11.1. Introduction
  11.2. Radical Cyclizations Terminated by Ir-catalyzed Hydrogen-atom Transfer
  11.3. Conclusion
  References
  ch. 12 Reagent Control in Transition-metal-initiated Radical Reactions
  12.1. Introduction
  12.2. Reagent Control in Transition-metal-initiated Radical Reactions
  12.3. Carbonyl Compounds as Radical Sources: Pinacol Couplings
  12.3.1. Stoichiometric Reagent-controlled Couplings
  12.3.2. From Stoichiometric to Catalytic Pinacol Couplings
  12.4. Protonation of Metal-Oxygen Bonds in Catalytic Radical Reactions
  12.5. Carbonyl Compounds as Radical Precursors: Additions of Ketyl Radicals to C-C and C-X Bonds
  12.6. Epoxides as Radical Precursors
  12.6.1. Stoichiometric Reagents
  12.6.2. Titanocene-catalyzed Epoxide Openings
  12.6.3. Catalytic Enantioselective Epoxide Openings
  12.7. Conclusion and Future Direction
  References
  ch. 13 Enantioselective Radical Reactions and Organocatalysis
  13.1. Introduction
  13.2. Organic Reagents and Organocatalysts in Stereoselective Radical Chemistry
  13.2.1. Chiral Lewis Acid Activation
  13.3. Enantioselective Hydrogen Atom Transfer
  13.4. Aminocatalysis/Enamine Activation
  13.5. Future Directions for Organocatalysis in Radical Chemistry
  13.6. Conclusion
  References
  ch. 14 Sunny Side of Chemistry: Green Synthesis by Solar Light
  14.1. Introduction
  14.2. Historical Background
  14.3. Synthesis using Non-concentrated Sunlight
  14.4. Photocatalytic/Photomediated Processes
  14.5. Photodimerization
  14.6. Cycloadditions
  14.7. Cyclizations
  14.8. Photopinacolization (Photoreduction)
  14.9. Synthesis via Elimination of a Group
  14.10. Arylation Reactions
  14.11. Isomerizations
  14.12. Halogenations
  14.13. Synthesis of Endoperoxides
  14.14. Oxidations/Oxygenations
  14.15. Concentrated Sunlight
  14.15.1. General Remarks
  14.15.2. Photooxidations and Photooxygenations
  14.15.3. Cycloadditions
  14.16. Photocatalytic Reactions
  14.17. Photoacylations
  14.18. EIZ Isomerizations
  14.19. Potential Industrial Applications
  14.20. Conclusion and Future Direction
  References
  ch. 15 Sonochemistry: Ultrasound Application in Radical Synthesis
  15.1. Introduction
  15.2. Energy Efficiency
  15.3. Sonochemical Initiation of Radical Chain Reactions: Hydrostannation and Hydroxystannation of C-C Multiple Bonds
  15.4. Homogeneous Sonochemistry of Hydrostannation in Detail
  15.5. Sonication-induced Halogenative Decarboxylation of Thiohydroxamic Esters
  15.6. Aerobic Conversion of Organic Halides to Alcohols: an Oxygenative Radical Cyclization
  15.7. New Method for Nitration of Alkenes to α,β-Unsaturated Nitroalkenes
  15.8. Conclusion and Future Direction
  References
  ch. 16 Black-light-initiated Free Radical Reactions for Synthetic Applications, Micro-reactors and Modified Nucleoside Synthesis
  16.1. Introduction: Why Black Light is so Important
  16.2. C2',3'-Cyclic Carbonates Derived from Nucleosides Why They are Important
  16.3. C5' General Comments and History
  16.4. Black-light induced Radical Cyclization Approach to Cyclonucleosides: an Independent Approach
  16.5. Radical Cyclization "Tin-free" Approach to C2',C3'-Cyclic Carbonates Derived from Nucleosides: an Independent Approach
  16.6. Black-light-induced Direct Generation of C2'-Nucleosidyl Radicals in Adenosine, Thymidine and Uridine in Organic and Aqueous Media
  16.7. Black-light-induced Radical/Ionic Hydroxymethylation of Alkyl Iodides with Atmospheric CO in the Presence of Tetrabutylammonium Borohydride
  16.8. Towards the Synthesis of Alkyl Alkynyl Ketones by Pd/Light-induced Three-component Coupling Reactions of Iodoalkanes, CO, and 1-Alkynes
  16.9. Vicinal C-Functionalization of Alkenes: Pd/Light-induced Multicomponent Coupling Reactions Leading to Functionalized Esters and Lactones
  16.10. Closing the Gap: from Single Molecule Synthesis the Conventional Way to Microreactors
  -the Power of Black Light
  16.11. Synthesis in Microchemical Systems
  16.12. Microflow Photo-radical Chlorination of Cycloalkanes
  16.13. Continuous Microflow Chlorination of Cyclohexane with Molecular Chlorine in Detail
  16.14. Microflow Chlorination with Sulfuryl Chloride and Black Light
  16.15. Barton Reaction Using a Microreactor and Black Light: Continuous-flow Synthesis of a Key Steroid Intermediate for an Endothelin Receptor Antagonist
  16.16. Conclusion
  References
  ch. 17 Photo-catalysis and Metal-Oxygen-anion Cluster Decatungstate in Organic Chemistry: a Manifold Concept for Green Chemistry
  17.1. Introduction
  17.2. C-C Bond Formation via C-H Bond Fragmentation under Anaerobic Conditions
  17.2.1. Functionalization of Alkanes by Homolytic C-H Bond Cleavage
  17.2.2. Functionalization of Aldehydes by Homolytic C-H Bond Cleavage
  17.2.3. Functionalization of Amides by Homolytic C-H Bond Cleavage
  17.2.4. Functionalization of Toluenes, Anisoles and Thioanisole by Homolytic C-H Bond Cleavage
  17.3. Homogeneous Oxidation of Organic Compounds by Decatungstate
  17.3.1. Oxidation of Aliphatic Alcohols and Alkanes
  17.3.2. Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols and Alkanes
  17.3.3. Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Alkenes
  17.4. Heterogeneous Oxidation of Organic Compounds by Decatungstate
  17.4.1. Immobilization on a Solid Support
  17.4.2. Immobilization inside the Silica or Zirconia Network
  17.4.3. Immobilization on Silica containing Ammonium Cations
  17.4.4. Immobilization onto Organic Ion-exchange Resins
  17.4.5. Immobilization with Organic Sensitizers
  17.4.6. Immobilization in Polymeric Membranes
  17.5. Degradation of Organic Pollutants by Decatungstate
  17.6. Conclusion and Future Directions
  References
  ch. 18 Radical Domino Reactions: Intermolecular Telescopic Reactions
  18.1. Introduction: Advantages and Limits
  18.2. Radical/Radical Domino Processes in Synthesis
  18.3. Conclusion and Future Direction
  References
  ch. 19 Telescopic Reactions and Free Radical Synthesis: Focus on Radical and Radical-Ionic Multicomponent Processes
  19.1. General Introduction: Advantages and Limitations
  19.2. Mnemonic Classification
  19.3. Three-component Radical Reactions
  19.3.1. 3-CR-ADA
  19.3.2. 3-CR-DAD
  19.3.3. 3-CR-DAA
  19.3.4. 3-CR-DDA
  19.4. Four- and Five-Component Radical Reactions
  19.4.1. 4-CR-DAAD
  19.4.2. 4-CR-ADAA
  19.4.3. 4-CR-AADA
  19.5. Multicomponent Radical-Ionic Reactions
  19.5.1. Multicomponent Radical-Anionic Reactions
  19.5.2. Multicomponent Radical-Cationic Reactions
  19.5.3. Sequential Multicomponent Radical-Polar Crossover Reactions
  19.6. Conclusion and Future Direction
  References
  ch. 20 Radical-Radical-Radical Telescopic Reactions: from Rules through Reasons to Applications
  20.1. Introduction
  20.2. "Round Trip" Strategy in Action
  20.3. Conclusion and Future Direction
  References
  ch. 21 Applications of Conventional Free Radicals and Advances in Total Synthesis: from the Bench to the Future through the Vinyl Radical
  21.1. Vinyl Radical, a Precious Tool for Radical Cascades in 5-exo-dig Cyclizations
  21.2. Linear Triquinanes from Acyclic Precursors
  21.3. First Total Synthesis of Natural Protoilludane, epi-Illudol
  21.4. Asymmetric Intramolecular Radical Vinylation using Enantiopure Sulfoxides as Temporary Chiral Auxiliaries
  21.5. Conclusion and Summary
  References
  ch. 22 Streamlining Organic Free Radical Synthesis through Modern Molecular Technology: from Polymer-supported Synthesis to Microreactors and Beyond
  22.1. Free Radicals: a Brief Introduction and Why they are Important
  22.2. Polymer-supported Reagents and Free Radical Synthesis: a Few Initial Remarks and Approaches
  22.2.1. PEG-bound Reagents and Free Radical Transformations to Date: the Journey Has Begun
  22.2.2. Solid-state Radical Reactions
  22.3. Ultraporous Materials as Possible Microreactors and Free Radical Synthesis
  22.3.1. Few Words About Polarity Reversal Catalysis and its Advantages in Free Radical Transformations in PolyHIPEs
  22.4. Microreactor-controlled Selectivity in Organic Photochemical Reactions: Molecular Sieve Zeolites to the Rescue
  22.4.1. Photochemistry of Phenyl Phenylacetates Included Within Zeolites and Nafion Membranes
  Contents note continued: 22.4.2. Zeolites and LDPE Films as Hosts for the Preparation of Large Ring Compounds: Intramolecular Photocycloaddition of Diaryl Compounds
  22.4.3. Summary
  22.5. Microflow Systems for Practical Free Radical Synthesis and Polymerization
  22.6. Free Radical Polymerization in Microreactors: New Advantages and Extra Control
  22.7. Conclusion
  References
  ch. 23 Radical Reactions and β-Cyclodextrin as a Molecular Ferrari: Is There a Hidden Advantage of Speed, Power and Class? From Fundamental Reactions to Potential Applications
  23.1. Introduction
  23.2. Cyclodextrin Reaction Media
  23.3. β-Cyclodextrin-based Molecular Reactors for Free Radical Chemistry in Aqueous Media and Chain Reactions
  23.4. On the Use of β-Cyclodextrins as Molecular Reactors for the Radical Cyclizations under Tin-free Conditions: Chain and Non-chain Reactions
  23.5. Radical Cyclizations in β-Cyclodextrins in Aqueous Media under Photolytic Conditions
  23.6. Mn(OAc)3 Radical Cyclizations in β-Cyclodextrin
  23.7. Cu(OAc)2 Radical Cyclizations in β-Cyclodextrins
  23.8. On the Scope of β-Cyclodextrin-Ionic Liquid-based Molecular Reactors for Free Radical Chemistry in Bio-compatible and Alternative Media
  23.9. β-Cyclodextrin-Ionic Liquids and Conventional Free Radical Reactions: Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions
  23.10. β-Cyclodextrin-Ionic Liquid (MIM-β-CDOTs) and Conventional Free Radical Reactions: Radical Additions, Atom Transfer, Hydrosilylation and Hydrostannylation Reactions in Aqueous Media
  23.11. Potential Practical Application: Towards the Development of Novel Drug Delivery Prototype Devices for Targeted-Delivery Drug Therapy at the Molecular Level in Aqueous Media
  23.11.1. Path a in Detail: β-Cyclodextrin-Prodrug as an Efficient Prototype Molecular Carrier in Water Aimed at Transporting Radical-affording Species (RAS) in Aqueous Media
  23.11.2. Path B in Detail: Investigation of Free Radical-quenching Species (RQS) from a β-Cyclodextrin-Phenol "Molecular Antioxidant Prototype" in Water as Antioxidant Delivery to the Radical Reaction Mixture
  23.12. Towards Streamlining Conventional Radical Reactions through the Development of β-Cyclodextrin-based Batch, Flow-through and "Teabag" Prototype Molecular Reactors
  23.12.1. β-Cyclodextrins as Molecular Batch Reactors
  23.12.2. β-Cyclodextrin Molecular Flow-through Reactor for Streamlining Organic Synthesis in a Continuous and Reusable Fashion
  23.12.3. "Teabag" Methodology and Radical Reactions: Screening the Scope and Flexibility
  23.13. Conclusion and Future Direction
  References
  ch. 24 Artificial Enzymes and Free Radicals: the Chemist's Perspective
  24.1. Introduction
  24.2. Transition State Theory: a Brief Introduction
  24.3. "Design Approach"
  24.3.1. Cyclodextrins as Enzyme Mimics
  24.3.2. Vitamin B12 Functions: Enzymatic Reactions
  24.3.3. Model Reactions with Apoenzyme Functions
  24.4. "Transition State Analogue Selection" Approach
  24.4.1. Transition State Analogue Selection Approach: General Introduction
  24.4.2. Molecular-imprinted Polymers as a Method in the Transition State Analogue Selection Approach
  24.4.3. Imprinting an Artificial Proteinase
  24.4.4. Bioimprinting
  24.5. "Catalytic Activity Selection Approach": General Introduction
  24.5.1. Combinatorial Polymers as Enzyme Mimics
  24.5.2. Directed Evolution of Enzymes
  24.5.3. Catalysis with Imprinted Silicas and Zeolites
  24.5.4. Catalytic Antibodies and a Few Examples of Radical Transformations
  24.6. Conclusion
  References
  ch. 25 Applications of Conventional Free Radicals and Advances in Total Synthesis: from the Bench to Nature through SmI2 Radicals as an Efficient Trigger for Radical Cascades, a Journey from Orsay to the 21st Century
  25.1. Mechanisms of SmI2-mediated Reactions: the Basics
  25.2. Radicals and Anions from Organohalides
  25.3. SmI2-mediated Cyclizations in Natural Product Synthesis
  25.4. Four-membered Ring Formation Using SmI2
  25.4.1. Synthesis of Paeoniflorin
  25.4.2. Approach to the Pestalotiopsin and Taedolidol Skeletons
  25.5. Five-membered Ring Formation Using SmI2: the Synthesis of (-)-Hypnophilin and the Formal Synthesis of (-)-Coriolin
  25.5.1. Synthesis of Grayanotoxin III
  25.5.2. Synthesis and Structural Revision of (-)-Laurentristich-4-ol
  25.5.3. Approach to (-)-Welwitindolinone a Isonitrile
  25.6. Six-membered Ring Formation Using SmI2: an Approach to Marine Polycyclic Ethers
  25.6.1. Synthesis of Pradimicinone
  25.6.2. Synthesis of (+)-Microcladallene B
  25.6.3. Synthesis of Botcinins C, D and F
  25.7. Seven-membered Ring Formation Using SmI2: Syntheses of (-)-Balanol
  25.8. Eight-membered Ring Formation Using SmI2: A Synthesis of Paclitaxel (Taxol)
  25.8.1. Synthesis of (+)-Isoschizandrin
  25.9. Nine-membered Ring Formation Using SmI2: An Approach to Ciguatoxin
  25.10. Forming Larger Rings Using SmI2: A Synthesis of Diazonamide A
  25.10.1. Synthesis of β-Araneosene
  25.10.2. Synthesis of Kendomycin
  25.11. Modifying Biomolecules Using SmI2
  25.11.1. Introduction
  25.11.2. Modifying Carbohydrates Using SmI2
  25.11.3. Modifying Amino Acids and Peptides Using SmI2
  25.12. Summary
  References
  ch. 26 Innovative Reactions Mediated by Zirconocene: Advantages and Scope
  26.1. Background of Zirconium in Organic Synthesis
  26.2. Triethylborane-induced Radical Reaction with Schwartz Reagent
  26.3. Radical Cyclization Reactions with a Zirconocene(alkene) Complex as an Efficient Single Electron Transfer Agent
  26.4. Triethylborane-induced Radical Allylation Reaction with a Zirconocene(alkene) Complex
  26.5. Conclusion
  References
  ch. 27 Applications of Conventional Free Radicals and Advances in Total Synthesis: Radical Cascades in Bio-inspired Terpene Synthesis
  27.1. Introduction
  27.2. Antecedents
  27.3. Recent Developments
  27.3.1. Acyclic Terpenes
  27.3.2. Radical Polyprene Cyclizations
  27.3.3. Photo-induced Electron Transfer (PET) Reactions as Initiation
  27.3.4. Acylselenium Derivatives as Substrates
  27.4. Transition-metal-mediated Transformations
  27.4.1. Manganese(III)-mediated Cyclizations
  27.4.2. Ti(III)-mediated Epoxypolyprene Cyclizations
  27.5. SOMO Organocatalysis and Terpenes
  27.6. Conclusions.