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Statistics for evidence-based practice and evaluation / Allen Rubin.
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Title:Statistics for evidence-based practice and evaluation / Allen Rubin.
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Author/Creator:Rubin, Allen.
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Published/Created:Belmont, CA : Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, ©2013.
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Location:
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Temporarily shelved at OKANAGAN LIBRARY reserve collectionWhere is this?
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Call Number: WB102.5 .R896s 2013
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Number of Items:1
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Status:Available
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Location:WOODWARD LIBRARY stacksWhere is this?
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Call Number: WB102.5 .R896s 2013
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Number of Items:1
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Status:Available
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Location:
c.1
Temporarily shelved at OKANAGAN LIBRARY reserve collectionWhere is this?
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Library of Congress Subjects:Medical statistics.
Evidence-based medicine--Statistical methods.
Clinical medicine--Statistical methods.
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Medical Subjects: Statistics as Topic.
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Edition:3rd ed., student ed.
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Description:xvi, 347 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm
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Summary:"Both practical and easy to read, Rubin's 'Statistics for Evidence-Based Practice and Evaluation' provides you with a step-by-step guide that will help you succeed in your course. Practice illustrations and exercises support your ability to study and retain core concepts, while practical examples provide you with the opportunity to see how and when data analysis and statistics are used by helping professionals in the real world." -- Amazon.com.
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Notes:Includes bibliographical references (pages 339-341) and index.
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ISBN:9780840029140
0840029144
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Contents:Machine generated contents note: pt. I Introduction and Evidence-Based Practice
ch. 1 Why Study Statistics?
Introduction
Relevance of Statistics to Practice
Plan of This Book
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 2 Use of Statistics in Evidence-Based Practice
What Is Evidence-Based Practice?
EBP and EBPs
Stages of the EBP Process
Stage 1 Formulating a Question
Stage 2 Searching for Evidence
Stage 3 Critically Appraising the Evidence
Stage 4 Selecting and Implementing the Intervention
Stage 5 Evaluating Outcome
What Types of Statistics Apply to What Types of Practice Questions or Practice Roles?
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
Correlation and Relationship Strength
Meta-Analysis
Regression Analysis
Statistics for Single-System Design Evaluations
Coding and Data Processing
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 3 Review of Key Research Methodology Concepts and Terms
Introduction
Research Process
Conceptual Elements of Quantitative Research Studies
Levels of Measurement
Nominal Measures
Ordinal Measures
Interval Measures
Ratio Measures
Altering a Variable's Level of Measurement
Key Measurement Concepts
Key Sampling Concepts
Key Concepts in Designs for Evaluating Programs and Practice
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
pt. II Descriptive Statistics
ch. 4 Frequency Distributions
Introduction
Types of Frequency Distributions
Absolute Frequencies
Relative Frequencies
Cumulative Frequencies
Grouped Frequency Distributions
Cross-Tabulation
How Frequency Distribution Data Are Presented in Journal Articles
Misleading Percentages
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 5 Graphs and Charts
Introduction
Bar Graphs
Pie Charts
Histograms
Frequency Polygons
Line Graphs Showing Trends Over
Misleading Graphics
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 6 Measures of Central Tendency
Introduction
Mean
Median
Influence of Extreme Values
Mode
Selecting a Measure of Central Tendency
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 7 Measures of Dispersion
Introduction
Range
Interquartile Range
Variance
Standard Deviation
Putting It All Together
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 8 Types of Distributions
Introduction
Skewed Distributions
Normal Distributions
Kurtosis
Some Clarification
Bimodal Distributions
Utility of Distribution Statistics in Evidence-Based Practice
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 9 z-Scores, Percentiles, and Effect Size
Introduction
Calculating z-Scores
Practical Uses of z-Scores
Using a z-Score Table
Some Practice Examples
Positive and Negative z-Score Percentiles
Some Negative z-scores Can Be Positive!
Effect Size (Cohen's d)
Practical Uses of Effect-Size Statistics
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
pt. III Inferential Data Analysis: Conceptual Foundation
ch. 10 Probability and Sampling Distributions
Introduction
Chance (Sampling Error)
Probability
Theoretical Sampling Distributions
Standard Error
Confidence Intervals for Estimating Population Parameters
Estimating Confidence Intervals Involving Proportions
Practical Use
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 11 Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Significance
Introduction
Theoretical Sampling Distributions in Hypothesis Testing
Null Hypothesis
Can We Confirm the Null Hypothesis?
One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests of Statistical Significance
Illustration of Critical Regions and Sample-Size Influence in One- and Two-Tailed Tests
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 12 Type I and Type II Errors
Introduction
Statistical Conclusion Validity
Type I Errors
Type II Errors
Which Type of Error Is More Serious?
Selecting a Significance Level
Influence of Sample Size
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 13 Interpreting the Strength and Importance of Relationships
Introduction
Correlation
Correlation Coefficients
Coefficient of Determination
Effect Size
How Strong Is "Strong"?
Substantive (Practical) Significance
Clinical Significance
Statistical Power Analysis
Meta-Analysis
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
pt. IV Inferential Data Analysis: Parametric and Nonparametric Procedures
ch. 14 t-Test
Introduction
Types of t-Tests
Calculating the t-Score
Independent-Samples t-Test
Paired-Samples t-Test
One-Sample t-Test
Common Mistake
Independent-Samples t-Test with Change Scores
Nonparametric Alternatives to the t-Test
Nonparametric Alternatives to the Paired-Samples t-Test with Ordinal Data
Nonparametric Alternatives to the Independent-Samples t-Test
How t-Tests Are Presented in Reports and Journal Articles
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 15 Analysis of Variance
Introduction
F-Ratio Formula
Illustration of ANOVA
Post Hoc Tests
Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)
Two-Factor Analysis of Variance
Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)
How ANOVA and ANCOVA Are Presented in Reports and Journal Articles
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 16 Cross-Tabulation and Chi-Square
Introduction
Two-by-Two Cross-Tabulation Tables
Calculating Chi-Square
Tables with More Than Two Rows or Columns
Goodness-of-Fit Test
Median Test
McNemar's Test
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 17 Correlation
Introduction
Scatterplots
Curvilinear Correlation
Why Would a Practitioner Want to Look at Scatterplots and Correlations?
Computing Parametric and Nonparametric Correlation Coefficients
Use and Interpretation of Correlation Coefficients
Correlation Coefficients for Nominal Data
Testing the Statistical Significance of Correlation Coefficients
Some Cautions to Remember About Correlation
Linearity and Other Assumptions
Handling Outliers
Can a Correlation Ever Be Too Strong?
Correlation Does Not Prove Causation
How Correlation Results Are Presented in Reports and Journal Articles
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 18 Regression Analysis
Introduction
Regression Equation
More on the Meaning of Slope
Additional Illustrations of the Utility of Regression Analysis in Evidence-Based Practice
Multiple Correlation
Multiple and Partial Correlation
Partial r
Multicollinearity
Multiple R
Multiple Regression
Multiple Regression Equation
Standardized Beta
Alternative Methods for Including Variables in Multiple Regression
Assumptions of Multiple Regression Analysis
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
ch. 19 Applications to Single-System Evaluation Designs
Introduction
Visual Analysis
Effect Size
Statistical Significance
t-Test
Two-Standard-Deviation Procedure
X-Moving Range-Three-Standard-Deviation Method
Autocorrelation
Pronounced Trends
Proportion-Frequency Procedure
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
Appendix A Review of Some Math Basics
Introduction
Positive and Negative Signs
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Proportions and Percentages
Calculating Increases or Decreases in Terms of Proportions or Percentages
Adding and Subtracting Proportions
Multiplying Proportions and Percentages
Dividing Proportions
Squares and Square Roots
Appendix B Statistical Symbols
Appendix C Conceptual Overview of Factor Analysis
Appendix D Conceptual Overview of Discriminant Analysis
Appendix E Conceptual Overview of Logistic Regression
Appendix F Conceptual Overview of Multilevel Modeling (Hierarchical Linear Models)
Appendix G Conceptual Overview of Path Analysis
Appendix H Conceptual Overview of Structural Equation Modeling
Appendix I Conceptual Overview of Event History Analysis (Survival Analysis)
Appendix J Reporting Your Statistical Findings
Audience
Results and Discussion Sections
Findings Section
Tables, Charts, and Figures
Additional Generic Guidelines
Improving Your Chances for Publication
Appendix K Preparing Data for Analysis
Introduction
Coding with Different Levels of Measurement
Coding Open-Ended Data
Codebook Construction
Data Entry
Data Cleaning
Main Points
Review Questions and Exercises
Appendix L Hypothetical Data Set for SPSS
Appendix M SPSS Instructions and Exercises
Introduction
Getting Started (See Appendix K)
SPSS Exercise on Getting Started
Using SPSS to Create Frequency Distributions (Chapter 4)
Using SPSS to Create Grouped Frequency Distributions (Chapter 4)
SPSS Exercises on Frequency Distributions
Using SPSS to Create Graphs (Chapter 5)
SPSS Exercises on Graphs and Charts
Using SPSS to Calculate Measures of Central Tendency (Chapter 6)
SPSS Exercise on Central Tendency
Using SPSS to Calculate Measures of Dispersion (Chapter 7)
SPSS Exercise on Calculating Measures of Dispersion
Contents note continued: Using SPSS to Calculate Measures of Kurtosis and Skewness (Chapter 8)
SPSS Exercise on Calculating Measures of Kurtosis and Skewness
Using SPSS to Calculate z-Scores (Chapter 9)
SPSS Exercise to Calculate z-Scores
Using SPSS to Calculate t-Tests (Chapter 14)
SPSS t-Test Exercises
Using the Compute Procedure in SPSS to Create Change Scores (Chapter 14)
Using SPSS to Conduct a One-Way ANOVA (Chapter 15)
SPSS Exercise for a One-Way ANOVA
Using SPSS to Conduct an ANCOVA (Chapter 15)
SPSS Exercise for ANCOVA
Using SPSS to Conduct a Two-Factor ANOVA (Chapter 15)
Using SPSS to Calculate Chi-Square (Chapter 16)
SPSS Exercises for Chapter 16
Using SPSS to Calculate Correlation Coefficients and Scatterplots (Chapter 17)
Eta
Phi or Cramer's V
SPSS Exercises for Correlation and Scatterplots
Using SPSS to Obtain a Regression Line and Calculate the Regression Equation (Chapter 18)
SPSS Exercise for a Bivariate Regression Analysis
Using SPSS for Multiple Regression and Multiple Correlation (Chapter 18)
SPSS Exercise on Multiple Regression.