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Principles and practice of toxicology in public health / Ira S. Richards, Marie M. Bourgeois.
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Title:Principles and practice of toxicology in public health / Ira S. Richards, Marie M. Bourgeois.
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Author/Creator:Richards, Ira S. (Ira Steven), 1948-
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Other Contributors/Collections:Bourgeois, Marie M.
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Published/Created:Burlington, Mass. : Jones & Bartlett Learning, ©2014.
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Holdings
Holdings Record Display
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Location:BMB LIBRARY (VGH) stacksWhere is this?
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Call Number: QV600 .R52 2014
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Number of Items:1
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Status:Available
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Location:WOODWARD LIBRARY stacksWhere is this?
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Call Number: QV600 .R52 2014
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Number of Items:1
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Status:Available
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Location:BMB LIBRARY (VGH) stacksWhere is this?
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Library of Congress Subjects:Toxicology.
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Medical Subjects: Toxicology.
Health Policy.
Public Health Practice.
Risk Assessment.
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Edition:2nd ed.
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Description:xv, 522 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 26 cm
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Summary:All public health professionals should have some level of knowledge of the basic principles of Toxicology. Whether dealing with issues as diverse as a workers' compensation claim for a job-related exposure and injury or the removal of toxic wastes from an urban community, public health professionals must be able to communicate with each other, the public, and our political leaders concerning how chemicals can, and the conditions under which they may, realistically produce harm. Principles and Practice of Toxicology in Public Health provides students with an understanding of the nature and scope of the discipline, so that they may be prepared to participate in a meaningful way in the often highly visible problem-solving and decision-making processes required of public health professionals. In four sections, it offers an introduction to the field, as well as the basics of toxicology principles, systemic toxicity, and toxicology practice. The text is immediately readable for the student with little technical background. The Second Edition is a thorough update that has been expanded with a new chapter on endocrine toxicology.
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Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
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ISBN:9781449645267 (pbk.)
1449645267 (pbk.)
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Contents:Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Toxicology and Its Roots as a Science
Introduction
Toxic Chemicals
Epidemiological Studies
Causality
Roots of Toxicology
Evolution of Toxicology
Bibliography
ch. 2 Chemical Properties and Hazardous Chemicals Information Resources
Introduction
Elements, Atoms, and Compounds
Mixtures, Suspensions, and Aerosols
Identifying Chemicals
Physical Properties of Chemicals
Appendix 2-1: Some Web-Based Resources
Appendix 2-2: Regulatory Agencies That Maintain Lists for Hazardous Chemicals
Appendix 2-3: Regional Poison Control Centers
ch. 3 Toxicity and the Factors That Modify Toxic Responses
Cellular Basis of Toxicity
Spectrum of Adverse Effects
Factors That Modify Toxicity
Toxicogenomics and Its Importance in Public Health
Bibliography
ch. 4 Biological Poisons: Plant and Animal Toxins
Introduction
Bacterial Toxins
Fungal Toxins
Algal Toxins
Higher Plant Toxins
Animal Toxins
Bibliography
ch. 5 Environmental Pollutants and Their Fate
Introduction
Unfortunate Lessons Learned
Pollution Versus Contamination
Environmental Chemistry
Environment: Compartments and Ecosystems
Toxicity in a Population
Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds
Conclusion
Bibliography
ch. 6 Dose and Response
Introduction
Relating Dose to Response
Dose-Response Graphs
How Individuals May Respond in a Population
Dose Must Be Referenced to Time
Dose Standardization Based on Body Weight
Toxicity Rating
Referencing Dose to Environmental Media
Bibliography
ch. 7 Absorption of Toxicants and Models of Disposition
Toxicant Entry into the Body
Cell Membranes
Movement of Toxicants Across Cell Membranes
Skin Absorption
Gastrointestinal Absorption
Respiratory Absorption
Other Exposure Routes
Chemical Disposition and Toxicokinetics
Models of Disposition
Bibliography
ch. 8 Distribution, Storage, and Elimination of Toxicants
Introduction
Body Water and Volume of Distribution
Plasma Binding, Blood Flow, and Barriers to Distribution
Toxicant Storage
Toxicant Elimination
Urinary Excretion
Fecal Elimination
Pulmonary Elimination
Minor Routes of Elimination
Bibliography
ch. 9 Biotransformation
Introduction
Enzymes
Tissues Where Biotransformation Proceeds
Phase 1 Reactions and Cytochrome P450
Phase 2 Reactions
Bibliography
ch. 10 Chemical-Induced Mutagenesis
DNA and Mutations
Mutations and Apoptosis
Tests for DNA Damage and Mutagenicity
Examples of Chemical Mutagens
Bibliography
ch. 11 Chemicals and Cancer
Introduction
Mutations in Genes That Regulate Cell Growth and Differentiation
Oncogenes
History of Chemical Carcinogenesis
Characteristics of Cancer Cells
Benign and Malignant Tumors
Tumor Angiogenesis, Metastasis, and Staging
Classification Systems for Carcinogens by Agency
Carcinogen Classification
Exposure to Carcinogens
Chemical-Induced Carcinogenesis Is a Multistep Process
Informing the Public About Carcinogens
Bibliography
ch. 12 Role of the Immune System
Introduction
Chemical Exposures
Immune Responses
Organs of the Immune System
Cells of the Immune System
Antibodies
Immunological Disorders
Immunosuppression by Toxicants
Examples of Chemical-Induced Immunological Disorders
Experimental Immunological Testing
Bibliography
ch. 13 Skin
Introduction
Structure of the Skin
Skin Absorption of Chemicals
Skin Toxicity: Local Effects
Bibliography
ch. 14 Liver and Kidneys
Liver
Kidneys
Bibliography
ch. 15 Cardiovascular System
General Considerations
Cardiac Physiology
Cell Types
Cardiac Electrophysiology
Assessing Cardiac Function
Effects of Toxicants on the Cardiovascular System
Blood Vessels
Blood
Bibliography
ch. 16 Respiratory System
General Considerations
Nomenclature of Airborne Toxicants
Functional Divisions of the Respiratory System
Respiratory System Injury
Exposures to Air Pollutants
Defense Strategies
Types of Injury
Bibliography
ch. 17 Nervous System
General Considerations
Cells of the Nervous System
Blood-Brain Barrier
Neuron Action Potential and Synaptic Function
Neurotoxicity
Bibliography
ch. 18 Endocrine System
General Considerations
Parts of the Endocrine System
Reproductive System
Bibliography
ch. 19 Practice of Toxicology
Introduction
Categories of Toxicologists
Expectations and Requirements for Toxicologists
Toxicologists as Expert Witnesses
Websites
Bibliography
ch. 20 Regulatory Considerations
Standards, Guidelines, and Regulatory Agencies
Public Awareness and Public Outrage
Regulatory and Nonregulatory Agencies: Their Role in Protecting the Public from Chemical Exposures
Industrial Versus Environmental Standards
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
National Toxicology Program
Consumer Product Safety Commission
Websites
Bibliography
ch. 21 Toxicity Testing
Nature and Scope of Toxicity Testing
Toxicity Test Objectives and Considerations
Animal Use and Extrapolation to Humans
Practical Aspects of Measuring Toxicity Experimentally
Acute Local Toxicity: Tests for Irritancy and Corrosiveness
Acute Systemic Toxicity: Use and Limitations of LD50
Efficacy, Toxicity, and Lethality
Other Examples of Prechronic Toxicity Testing in Laboratory Animals
Chronic Toxicity Testing in Laboratory Animals
Human Studies
Alternative Toxicity Testing Methods
Examples of In Vitro Tests for Several Toxicological Endpoints
Conclusion
Websites
Bibliography
Appendix 21-1: Example of a Template for a Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rodents for FDA Review
ch. 22 Uses and Limitations of Product Labeling for Public Safety
Purpose of Product Labeling
Use of Product Labels by Consumers
Limitations of Product Labels
Federal Requirements
FIFRA and Pesticides
Pesticide Product Labeling
Product Labels Are Not Material Safety Data Sheets
Federal Food and Drug Administration Requirements for Labeling
Websites
ch. 23 Toxicology Principles in the Management of Acute Poisonings
Introduction
Management of Acute Poisoning
Route of Exposure Influences Toxicity: An Example Using Cocaine
Intentional and Unintentional Exposures in the American Population
Inhalant Use
Toxicities Associated with "Street Drugs"
Websites
Bibliography
ch. 24 Risk Assessment and the Perception of Risk
Overview of Risk
Risk Assessment
Cancer Risk Assessment
Ecological Risk Assessment
Toxicant Interaction and Chemical Mixtures
Responding to Public Concerns
Websites
Bibliography
ch. 25 Making Informed Decisions
Difficulties in Decision Making
Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process
Making the Best Decisions
CRAM Report
Websites
Bibliography.