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• Title:Pollution : causes, effects and control / edited by RM Harrison.
  
•    
• Other Contributors/Collections:Harrison, Roy M., 1948- editor of compilation.
  
• Published/Created:Cambridge, UK : The Royal Society of Chemistry, [2014]
  

• Holdings

  Holdings Record Display

  • Location:WOODWARD LIBRARY stacksWhere is this?
    
  • Call Number: TD174 .P673 2014
    
  • Number of Items:1
    
  • Status:Available
    

   
• Library of Congress Subjects:Pollution.
  Pollutants.
  Pollution prevention.
  Refuse and refuse disposal.
  
• Edition:Fifth edition.
  
• Description:xx, 558 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm
  
• Notes:Previous edition: 2001.
  Includes bibliographical references and index.
  
• ISBN:9781849736480 (hbk.)
  1849736480 (hbk.)
  
• Contents:Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Chemical Pollution of the Aquatic Environment by Priority Pollutants and its Control / Rachel L. Gomes
  1.1. Introduction
  1.2. Pollution Control Philosophy
  1.2.1. Integrated Control Measures
  1.2.2. Trans-boundary Considerations
  1.2.3. Complementary and Supplementary Control Measures
  1.2.4. Life-cycle Considerations
  1.2.5. Impacts of Chemical Mixtures
  1.3. Regulation of Direct Discharge Sources
  1.3.1. Water Framework Directive
  1.3.2. REACH Regulations
  1.4. Regulation of Diffuse Sources
  1.5. Case Studies
  1.5.1. Disinfection By-Products (DBPs)
  1.5.2. Oestrogenic Chemicals
  1.5.3. Pesticides
  1.5.4. Emerging Contaminants of Concern (ECC)
  1.6. Conclusions
  References
  ch. 2 Chemistry and Pollution of the Marine Environment / Martin R. Preston
  2.1. Introduction
  2.2. General Features of the Oceanic Environment
  2.2.1. Sources of Chemicals to the Oceans
  2.2.2. Circulation Patterns
  2.2.3. Sea Water Reactivity - Biogeochemical Processes
  2.3. Sources, Movement and Behaviour of Individual Pollutants or Classes of Pollutant
  2.3.1. Oil
  2.3.2. Sewage and Nutrients
  2.3.3. Persistent Organic Compounds
  2.3.4. Trace Metals
  2.3.5. Radioactivity
  2.3.6. Effects of Artificial Radioactivity on the Marine Environment
  2.4. Conclusions
  References
  ch. 3 Drinking Water Quality and Health / John K. Fawell
  3.1. Introduction
  3.2. Drinking Water Sources
  3.3. Drinking Water Treatment and Supply
  3.4. Sources of Contamination
  3.5. Drinking Water Guidelines and Standards
  3.6. Microbiological Contaminants
  3.7. Chemical Contaminants
  3.7.1. Inorganic Contaminants
  3.7.2. Organic Contaminants
  3.8. Water Safety Plans (WSPs)
  3.9. Conclusions
  References
  ch. 4 Water Pollution Biology / William M. Mayes
  4.1. Introduction
  4.1.1. Role of Biology in Understanding Water Pollution
  4.1.2. Pollution Types and Interactions
  4.2. Organic Pollution
  4.3. Eutrophication
  4.3.1. Nutrient Pollution in Lakes
  4.3.2. Nutrient Enrichment in Rivers and Groundwaters
  4.3.3. Managing Nutrient Pollution
  4.4. Acidification
  4.4.1. Acidification from Above: Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxides
  4.4.2. Recovery from Acidification
  4.4.3. Acidification from Below: Acid Mine Drainage
  4.5. Toxic Chemicals
  4.5.1. Modes of Action of Toxic Chemicals
  4.5.2. Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
  4.6. Thermal Pollution
  4.6.1. Anthropogenic Impacts on Thermal Regime
  4.6.2. Climate Change
  4.7. Radioactivity
  4.8. Oil
  4.9. Emerging Contaminants
  4.9.1. Nanomaterials
  4.9.2. Human and Veterinary Medicines
  4.10. Biological Monitoring of Pollution in Freshwaters
  4.10.1. Laboratory Monitoring Techniques
  4.10.2. Field Monitoring Techniques
  4.11. Conclusions
  References
  ch. 5 Sewage and Sewage Sludge Treatment / Elise Cartmell
  5.1. Introduction
  5.1.1. Objectives of Sewage Treatment
  5.1.2. Importance of Wastewater Reuse
  5.1.3. Criteria for Sewage Treatment
  5.1.4. Composition of Sewage
  5.2. Sewage Treatment Processes
  5.2.1. Preliminary Treatment
  5.2.2. Primary Sedimentation
  5.2.3. Secondary (Biological) Treatment
  5.2.4. Secondary Sedimentation
  5.3. Sludge Treatment and Reuse
  5.3.1. Sources of Municipal Sludge
  5.3.2. Sludge Recycling Options
  5.3.3. Pre-treatment Handling
  5.3.4. Sludge Treatment Processes
  References
  ch. 6 Treatment of Toxic Wastes / Simon J. T. Pollard
  6.1. Introduction
  6.1.1. Definition of Toxic and Hazardous Wastes
  6.1.2. Sources
  6.1.3. Case Study: Detection of Hazardous Materials used in the Preservation of Wood
  6.2. Treatment and Management Routes
  6.2.1. Introduction and Overview
  6.2.2. Case Study: Animal Carcass Disposal following Disease Outbreak
  6.2.3. Thermal Processes
  6.2.4. Chemical Processes
  6.3. Environmental and Health Management
  6.3.1. Case Study: Severe Environmental Consequences of Poor Hazardous Waste Management (Spodden Valley, UK)
  References
  ch. 7 Air Pollution: Sources, Concentrations and Measurements / Roy M. Harrison
  7.1. Introduction
  7.2. Specific Air Pollutants
  7.2.1. Sulfur Dioxide
  7.2.2. Suspended Particulate Matter
  7.2.3. Oxides of Nitrogen
  7.2.4. Carbon Monoxide
  7.2.5. Hydrocarbons
  7.2.6. Secondary Pollutants: Ozone and Peroxyacetyl Nitrate
  7.3. Temporal Patterns of Airborne Concentration
  7.4. Air Quality Management
  7.5. Indoor Air Quality
  7.6. International Perspective
  7.7. Appendix
  7.7.1. Air Pollutant Concentration Units
  References
  ch. 8 Chemistry of the Troposphere / Roy M. Harrison
  8.1. Introduction
  8.1.1. Pollutant Cycles
  8.2. Atmospheric Chemical Transformations
  8.2.1. Importance of the Hydroxyl Radical (OH)
  8.3. Atmospheric Oxidants
  8.3.1. Formation of Ozone
  8.3.2. Formation of PAN
  8.3.3. NOy Compounds
  8.4. Atmospheric Acids
  8.4.1. Weak Acids
  8.4.2. Strong Acids
  8.4.3. Sulfuric Acid
  8.4.4. Nitric Acid
  8.4.5. Hydrochloric Acid
  8.4.6. Methanesulfonic Acid (MSA)
  8.5. Atmospheric Bases
  8.6. Atmospheric Aerosols and Rainwater
  8.6.1. Atmospheric Particles
  8.6.2. Rainwater
  8.6.3. Inter-relationships between Pollutants, Environmental Effects and Impacts
  References
  ch. 9 Chemistry and Pollution of the Stratosphere / Francis D. Pope
  9.1. Introduction
  9.2. Stratospheric Ozone Chemistry
  9.2.1. Gas-Phase Chemistry
  9.2.2. Heterogeneous Chemistry
  9.3. Natural Sources of Trace Gases
  9.4. Anthropogenic Sources of Trace Gases
  9.4.1. Direct Injection of Pollutants into the Stratosphere
  9.5. Antarctic Ozone
  9.6. Arctic Zone
  9.7. Mid-Latitude Ozone
  9.8. Legislation
  9.9. Geoengineering
  9.10. Conclusions
  Acknowledgements
  References
  ch. 10 Atmospheric Dispersal of Pollutants and the Modelling of Air Pollution / Martin L. Williams
  10.1. Introduction
  10.2. Dispersion and Transport in the Atmosphere
  10.2.1. Mechanical Turbulence
  10.2.2. Turbulence and Atmospheric Stability
  10.2.3. Boundary Layer and Mixing Heights
  10.2.4. Building, Topographical and Street Canyon Effects
  10.2.5. Removal Processes
  Dry and Wet Deposition
  10.3. Modelling of Air Pollution Dispersion
  10.3.1. Modelling in the Near-field
  10.3.2. Operational Models
  10.3.3. Emission Inventories
  10.3.4. Modelling beyond Urban Scales
  Long Range Transport and Chemical Transport Models
  10.3.5. Uncertainty and Accuracy of Models
  References
  ch. 11 Air Pollution and Health / Jon Ayres
  11.1. Introduction
  11.2. Exposure to Air Pollution
  11.3. Epidemiological Methods Applied in the Air Pollution Field
  11.3.1. Time Series Methods
  11.3.2. Cohort Studies
  11.3.3. Intervention Studies
  11.4. Individual Air Pollutants
  11.4.1. Particulate Matter
  11.4.2. Problems with Mass as a Metric of Dose
  11.4.3. Other Possible Metrics of "Dose"
  11.4.4. World Health Organisation Air Quality Guidelines for Particulate Matter
  11.4.5. Nitrogen Dioxide
  11.4.6. Sulfur Dioxide
  11.4.7. Ozone
  11.4.8. Carbon Monoxide
  11.4.9. Carcinogenic Air Pollutants
  11.5. Conclusion
  References
  ch. 12 Impacts of Air Pollutants on Crops, Trees and Ecosystems / Mike Ashmore
  12.1. Introduction
  12.2. Methods of Investigation
  12.3. Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfur Deposition
  12.4. Nitrogen Oxides, Ammonia and N Deposition
  12.5. Ozone
  12.6. Interactions between Pollutants
  12.6.1. Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides
  12.6.2. Interactions between Ozone and Elevated CO2 Concentrations
  12.7. Interactions with Biotic and Abiotic Factors
  12.7.1. Climate
  12.7.2. Interactions with Pests and Diseases
  12.8. Critical Loads and Levels
  12.9. Effects on Ecosystem Services
  References
  ch. 13 Control of Pollutant Emissions from Road Transport / Claire Holman
  13.1. Introduction
  13.2. Engines
  13.2.1. Introduction
  13.2.2. Spark Ignition/Petrol Engines
  13.2.3. Compression Ignition/Diesel Engines
  13.3. Controlling Regulated Emissions
  13.3.1. Introduction
  13.3.2. Exhaust After-treatment
  13.4. Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions
  13.5. Fuel Quality
  13.6. Alternative Fuels
  13.6.1. Introduction
  13.6.2. Natural Gas
  13.6.3. Electric Vehicles
  13.6.4. Hybrid Electric Vehicles
  13.6.5. Biofuels
  13.6.6. Hydrogen
  13.7. Particle Emissions
  13.8. Non-exhaust Particles
  13.9. In-service Emissions
  13.10. Conclusions
  Acknowledgements
  References
  ch. 14 Climate Change / Keith P. Shine
  14.1. Historical and Political Background
  14.2. Scientific Background
  14.3. Observed Changes in Climate
  14.4. Changes in Atmospheric Composition and Radiative Forcing
  14.5. Modelling Climate Change
  14.6. Attribution of Climate Change over Past 150 Years
  14.7. Modelling Future Climate Change
  14.8. Conclusions
  References
  ch. 15 Soil Pollution and Risk Assessment / Chris D. Collins
  15.1. Introduction
  15.2. Sources of Soil Pollutants
  15.2.1. Potentially Toxic Elements
  15.2.2. Organic Pollutants
  15.2.3. Nanoparticles
  Contents note continued: 15.3. Pathways of Pollutants in Soils
  15.3.1. PTEs
  15.3.2. Organic Pollutants
  15.3.3. Nanoparticles
  15.4. Consquences of Soil Pollution
  Risk Assessment
  15.4.1. Fine Tuning the Risk Assessment
  15.5. Remediation of Contaminated Soils
  15.6. Conclusions
  References
  ch. 16 Solid Waste Management / Gev Eduljee
  16.1. Introduction
  16.2. Integrated Approach to Waste Management
  16.2.1. Waste Management Hierarchy
  16.2.2. Integrated Approach
  16.3. Technical Options for Waste Prevention and Recycling
  16.3.1. Opportunities for Waste Avoidance and Minimization
  16.3.2. Collection and Sorting
  16.4. Policy Options to make Waste Prevention and Recycling Work in Practice
  16.4.1. Introduction
  16.4.2. Producer Responsibility
  16.4.3. Eco-labelling
  16.4.4. Charges and Economic Incentives
  16.4.5. Persuasion Measures
  16.4.6. Integrated Product Policy (IPP)
  16.5. Bulk Waste Reduction Technologies and Final Disposal
  16.5.1. Combustion/Incineration
  16.5.2. Other Thermal Processes
  16.5.3. Composting
  16.5.4. Anaerobic Digestion
  16.5.5. Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT)
  16.5.6. Landfilling
  16.5.7. Environmental Considerations
  16.6. Integrated Waste Management Strategies
  16.6.1. Revisiting the Waste Management Hierarchy
  16.6.2. Principles of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
  16.6.3. Selecting the Best Environmental Option for Individual Materials
  16.6.4. Waste Management and Climate Change
  16.6.5. Waste Management Strategy for Northern Ireland
  16.6.6. Recycling and Recovery of Plastics in Germany
  References
  ch. 17 System Approaches: Life Cycle Assessment and Industrial Ecology / Roland Clift
  17.1. Introduction: Changing Paradigms
  17.2. Environmental System Analysis
  17.2.1. Economy and Environment
  17.2.2. Life Cycle Assessment
  17.2.3. Material Flow Accounting
  17.3. Applications and Aspirations
  17.3.1. Industrial Ecology and the Circular Economy
  17.3.2. Clean Technology and Pollution Prevention
  17.3.3. Life Cycle Management
  17.4. Green Economy
  References
  ch. 18 Environmental Behaviour of Persistent Organic Pollutants / Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah
  18.1. Introduction
  18.1.1. Definition of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
  18.1.2. Scope
  18.1.3. Chemical Structure and Nomenclature
  18.2. Adverse Effects
  18.2.1. PCDD/Fs
  18.2.2. PCBs
  18.2.3. PBDEs
  18.2.4. HBCDs
  18.3. Measurement Techniques
  18.3.1. Sampling Methodology
  18.3.2. Analytical Methodology
  18.4. Sources
  18.4.1. PCDD/Fs
  18.4.2. PCBs
  18.4.3. PBDEs
  18.4.4. HBCD
  18.5. Important Physicochemical Properties and their Influence on Environmental Behaviour
  18.5.1. Equilibrium Partitioning Coefficients
  18.5.2. Aqueous Solubility
  18.5.3. Environmental Persistence
  18.5.4. Vapour Pressure
  18.5.5. General Comments
  18.6. Modelling Environmental Behaviour
  18.6.1. Fugacity Concept
  18.6.2. Equilibrium Partitioning Modelling Approaches
  18.6.3. Pharmacokinetic Models of Human Exposure
  References
  ch. 19 Radioactivity in the Environment / C. Nicholas Hewitt
  19.1. Introduction
  19.2. Radiation and Radioactivity
  19.2.1. Types of Radiation
  19.2.2. Energy Changes of Nuclear Reactions
  19.2.3. Rates of Radioactive Decay
  19.2.4. Activity
  19.2.5. Radioactive Decay Series
  19.2.6. Production of Artificial Radionuclides
  19.2.7. Nuclear Fission
  19.2.8. Beta Decay of Fission Products
  19.2.9. Units of Radiation Dose
  19.3. Biological Effects of Radiation
  19.3.1. General Effects
  19.3.2. Biological Availability and Residence Times
  19.3.3. Radiation Protection of Terrestrial Ecosystems
  19.4. Natural Radioactivity
  19.4.1. Cosmic Rays
  19.4.2. Terrestrial Gamma Radiation
  19.4.3. Radon and its Decay Products
  19.4.4. Radioactivity in Food and Water
  19.5. Medical Applications of Radioactivity
  19.6. Pollution from Nuclear Weapons Explosions
  19.7. Pollution from Electric Power Generation Plant and other Nuclear Reactors
  19.7.1. Emissions Resulting from Normal Reactor Operation
  19.7.2. Pollution Following Reactor Accidents
  19.7.3. Radioactive Waste Treatments and Disposal
  19.7.4. Fuel Reprocessing
  19.8. Pollution from Non-nuclear Processes
  Acknowledgements
  Bibliography
  ch. 20 Health Effects of Environmental Chemicals / Roy M. Harrison
  20.1. Introduction
  20.2. Catastrophic Exposure
  20.2.1. Seveso, Italy
  20.2.2. Bhopal, India
  20.3. Localized Contamination Incidents
  20.3.1. Toxic Oil Syndrome
  20.3.2. Rice Oil Contamination by Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
  20.3.3. Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) in Cattle Feed
  20.3.4. Mercury Poisoning in Minamata and Niigata
  20.3.5. Methylmercury Poisoning in Iraq
  20.3.6. Aluminium Contamination of Drinking Water in North Cornwall
  20.3.7. `Epping Jaundice'
  Chemical Contamination of Food during Storage
  20.3.8. Love Canal, USA
  20.3.9. Exxon Valdez, MV Braer, Prestige and other Major Oil Spill Accidents
  20.4. Generalized Environmental Pollution
  20.4.1. Indoor Air Pollution
  20.4.2. Metals
  20.4.3. Asbestos and Man-made Mineral Fibres (MMMF)
  20.4.4. Pesticides
  20.4.5. Endocrine Disrupters (see also Chapters 1 and 3)
  20.4.6. Nanoparticles
  20.5. Conclusions
  References
  ch. 21 Legal Control of Pollution / William Howarth
  21.1. Introduction
  21.2. Purposes and Mechanisms of Environmental Law
  21.3. Sources of Law and Institutional Responsibilities
  21.3.1. National Law
  21.3.2. European Union Law
  21.3.3. International Law
  21.4. Private Rights and Civil Remedies
  21.5. Legal Models of Pollution Regulation
  21.5.1. Law on Statutory Nuisances
  21.5.2. Water Pollution and Water Quality Law
  21.5.3. Integration of Pollution Control and Environmental Permitting
  21.5.4. Procedural Environmental Rights
  21.6. Concluding Observations
  References
  ch. 22 Regulation of Industrial Pollution / Martin G. Bigg
  22.1. Introduction
  22.2. Background
  22.2.1. Alkali Act
  22.2.2. Regulators
  22.2.3. Integrated Pollution Control
  22.2.4. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
  22.3. Environmental Permitting Regulations
  22.3.1. Introduction
  22.3.2. Permitting
  22.3.3. Planning
  22.3.4. Risk-based Regulation
  22.3.5. Advice and Guidance
  23.3.6. Environmental Management Systems
  22.3.7. Competency
  22.3.8. Consultation and Public Engagement
  22.3.9. Enforcement
  22.3.10. Civil Sanctions
  22.4. Future Regulation of Industrial Pollution
  References.