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• Title:Clinical research in occupational therapy / Franklin Stein, Martin Rice, Susan K. Cutler.
  
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• Author/Creator:Stein, Franklin.
  
• Other Contributors/Collections:Rice, Martin S.
  Cutler, Susan K.
  
• Published/Created:Clifton Park, NY : Delmar, Cengage Learning, [2013]
  

• Holdings

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  • Location:WOODWARD LIBRARY stacksWhere is this?
    
  • Call Number: WB555 .S819c 2013
    
  • Number of Items:1
    
  • Status:Available
    

   
• Library of Congress Subjects:Occupational therapy--Research--Methodology.
  
• Medical Subjects: Occupational Therapy.
  Biomedical Research--methods.
  Research Design.
  
• Edition:5th ed.
  
• Description:xx, 612 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm
  
• Summary:Clinical Research in Occupational Therapy, fifth edition, enables the graduate student and clinical researcher to design and carry out a research study from the formulation of a research hypothesis to collecting data utilizing user friendly step-by-step procedures. An introductory chapter on the history of medical research aquaints the student with the relationship between research and clinical practice. Step-by-step procedures and examples are used throughout to guide the student through the process of selecting a topic, reviewing literature, designing research protocols, selecting outcome measures, implementing research, and writing the results. Descriptive and inferential statistics are explained in a step-by-step procedure, and examples of qualitative and quantitative research are included so as to provide the student with tools to conduct their own research and evaluate current research data. A section on writing questionnaires and surveys helps students construct reliable and valid instruments, and information on scientific writing and thesis preparation is presented. Additionally, ethical considerations for informed consent are addressed, with examples of consent forms included.
  
• Notes:Includes bibliographical references (pages 559-598) and index.
  
• ISBN:9781111643317 (pbk.)
  1111643318 (pbk.)
  
• Contents:Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Short History of the Scientific Method in Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Habilitation
  1.1. Definition and Purposes of Research in Occupational Therapy
  1.2. Historical Review of Research in Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Habilitation
  1.3. Biological Description
  -Stage I
  1.3.1. Growth of Scientific Anatomy and Physiology
  1.3.2. Hippocratic Writings
  1.3.3. Galen
  1.3.4. Renaissance Medicine in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
  1.3.5. Andreas Vesalius and the Refinement of Human Anatomy
  1.3.6. Paracelsus, the Medical Chemist
  1.3.7. William Harvey
  1.4. Methodological Process
  -Stage II
  1.4.1. Development of Medical Technology in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
  1.4.2. Practice of Medicine in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
  1.5. Etiological Advances
  -Stage III
  1.5.1. Medical Research in the Latter Half of the Nineteenth Century
  1.6. Prevention
  -Stage IV
  1.6.1. Preventive Medicine in the Twentieth Century
  1.7. Chemotherapy, Surgery, and Hospital Care: The Bases of Treatment
  -Stage V
  1.7.1. Chemotherapy
  1.7.2. Surgery
  1.7.3. Hospital Care
  1.8. Rehabilitation Movement
  -Stage VI
  1.8.1. Social Welfare and Rehabilitation
  1.8.2. Development of Allied Health Professions
  -Phase I
  1.8.3. Education and Professionalization
  -Phase II
  1.8.4. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
  1.8.5. Allied Health Treatment Technologies
  1.8.6. Psychiatric Rehabilitation
  1.8.7. Third Phase of Allied Health
  -1960 to Present
  1.8.8. Rehabilitation Research Trends (1950 to Current)
  1.9. Habilitation and Special Education
  -Stage VII
  1.9.1. Initial Concern for Those with Disabilities
  1.9.2. Itard's Influence
  1.9.3. Montessori's Contribution to Special Education
  1.9.4. Early Services in the United States
  1.9.5. Special Education Assessment and Programming
  1.9.6. Services for Individuals with Disabilities
  1.10. Research and the Future of Health Care
  ch. 2 Scientific Method and Research Models
  2.1. Science, Research, and Theory
  2.1.1. Theory Building
  2.1.2. Characteristics of a Theory
  2.2. Fallacies Related to Research
  2.2.1. Irrelevant Conclusion
  2.2.2. Appeal to Authority
  2.2.3. False Cause
  2.2.4. Ambiguity
  2.2.5. Generalization
  2.3. Critical Analysis of the Research Process
  2.4. Qualities of a Researcher
  2.4.1. Dissonance
  2.4.2. Objectivity
  2.4.3. Perseverance
  2.4.4. Intellectual Curiosity
  2.4.5. Self-Criticism
  2.4.6. Creativity
  2.4.7. Integrity
  2.4.8. Replication
  2.5. Nomothetic Versus Idiographic Methods
  2.5.1. Nomothetic Approach to Science
  2.5.2. Idiographic Approach to Science
  2.6. Types of Inquiry
  2.7. Models of Research
  2.7.1. Action Research
  2.7.2. Scholarly Models Not Based on the Scientific Method
  ch. 3 Quantitative Research Models
  3.1. Factors in Quantitative Research Models
  3.2. Experimental Research
  3.2.1. Purposes of Experimental Research
  3.2.2. Comparison of Intervention Methods
  3.2.3. Clinical Research
  3.2.4. Designing Experimental Groups
  3.2.5. Experimental Research Methods and the Effects of Clinical Intervention
  3.2.6. Control of Factors Affecting Patient Improvement
  3.2.7. Analysis of Human Processes in Typical Subjects
  3.2.8. Operational Definitions of Normality
  3.3. Methodological Research
  3.3.1. Purposes of Methodological Research
  3.3.2. Strategies
  3.3.3. Designing Intervention Protocol
  3.3.4. Assessment Instruments
  3.3.5. Questionnaires and Interviews
  3.3.6. Treatment Facilities
  3.3.7. Methodological Review: Treatment Facilities
  3.3.8. Designing Education Curricula
  3.3.9. Physical Evaluation Techniques and Intervention Hardware
  3.4. Evaluation Research
  3.4.1. Purposes of Evaluation Research
  3.4.2. Strategies of Evaluation Research
  3.5. Heuristic Research
  3.5.1. Purposes of Heuristic Research
  3.5.2. Application of Pilot Studies in Heuristic Research
  3.5.3. Assumptions Underlying Heuristic Research
  3.5.4. Method of Heuristic Research
  3.5.5. Identification of Correlating Factors
  3.5.6. Interactional Effects in Heuristic Research
  3.5.7. Analysis of Time Factors in Client Intervention
  3.5.8. Analysis of Cost-Effectiveness Factors in Intervention
  3.5.9. Analysis of Space Factors in Patient Care
  3.6. Correlational Research
  3.6.1. Purposes of Correlational Research
  3.6.2. Identification of Research Variables
  3.6.3. Formulating Hypotheses in Correlational Research
  3.6.4. Operational Definitions of Variables
  3.6.5. Selection of Sample
  3.6.6. Data Collection Procedure
  3.6.7. Interpretation of Results
  3.7. Survey Research
  3.7.1. Definition of Survey Research
  3.7.2. Purposes of Survey Research
  3.7.3. Statement of Problem in Survey Research
  3.7.4. Survey Research Methodology
  3.7.5. Selection of Questionnaire
  3.7.6. Constructing a Questionnaire in Survey Research
  3.7.7. Item Construction
  3.7.8. Evaluation of Survey
  3.7.9. Application of Survey Research to Occupational Therapy
  3.8. Summary
  ch. 4 Qualitative Research Models
  4.1. Defining Qualitative Research
  4.2. Characteristics of Qualitative Research
  4.3. Types of Qualitative Research
  4.3.1. Case Study
  4.3.2. Operations Research
  4.3.3. Developmental Observations
  4.3.4. Longitudinal Research (Prospective Designs)
  4.3.5. Field Observation (Ethnography)
  4.3.6. Historical Research
  4.4. Collecting Qualitative Data
  4.4.1. Interviewing
  4.4.2. Observation
  4.4.3. Field Notes
  4.4.4. Political and Ethical Context for Research
  4.5. Analyzing Qualitative Data
  4.5.1. Principles of Qualitative Data Analysis
  4.5.2. Practice
  4.6. Credibility in Qualitative Research
  4.7. Summary
  ch. 5 Research Problem
  5.1. Need for Problem-Oriented Research in the Health Professions
  5.2. Selecting a Significant Research Problem
  5.3. Identifying Problems Resulting from a Disability
  5.4. Identifying Significant Issues in Professional Education
  5.5. Justifying the Research Problem
  5.6. Narrowing the Investigation
  5.6.1. Determining Feasibility
  5.7. Psychological Blocks in Selection of a Research Problem
  5.8. Worksheet Guide for Selecting a Research Problem
  5.9. Why Research Proposals Are Disapproved
  5.10. Summary
  ch. 6 Review of the Literature
  6.1. Need for a Literature Review
  6.2. Conceptual View of a Literature Search
  6.3. Locating Sources of Related Literature
  6.3.1. Information Retrieval Systems
  6.3.2. Sources for Health Statistics
  6.3.3. Directories of References
  6.3.4. Current Research
  6.3.5. Journals
  6.4. Recording Information from Research Articles
  6.5. Evaluating Validity of Research Findings
  6.6. Outlining the Literature Review Section
  6.7. Summary
  ch. 7 Research Design and Methodology
  7.1. Proposing a Feasible Research Question
  7.2. Statement of Hypothesis
  7.3. Operationally Defining a Variable
  7.4. Stating Assumptions
  7.5. Diagrammatical Relationships between Variables
  7.5.1. Experimental Model
  7.5.2. Correlational Model
  7.5.3. Methodological Model
  7.5.4. Evaluation Model
  7.5.5. Heuristic Model
  7.5.6. Survey Model
  7.5.7. Qualitative Models
  7.6. Theoretical Rationale
  7.7. Internal Validity
  7.8. Methods Section
  7.9. Selection of Participants
  7.9.1. External Validity
  7.9.2. Random Sampling
  7.9.3. Convenience Sample and Volunteers
  7.10. Size of Sample
  7.11. Selection of Measuring Instrument
  7.11.1. Selecting a Specific Test for a Research Study
  7.11.2. Concept of Measurement and Numbers: Data
  7.11.3. Measurement Scales
  7.11.4. Reliability
  7.11.5. Item Analysis
  7.11.6. Validity
  7.12. Ethical Principles Guiding Human Research
  7.12.1. Declaration of Helsinki
  7.12.2. Harvard University Medical School
  7.12.3. Human Subjects Review Protocol (HSRP)
  7.13. Data Collection Procedures
  7.13.1. Informed Consent and Forms
  7.14. Methodological Limitations of a Study
  7.15. Summary
  ch. 8 Data Analysis and Statistics
  8.1. Definition and Meaning of Statistics
  8.2. Relationship of Statistics to Clinical Practice
  8.2.1. Process of Statistical Analysis
  8.3. Key Definitions of Statistical Concepts
  8.3.1. Universal Symbols Used in Statistics
  8.4. Seven Statistical Models for Clinical Research
  8.4.1. Model I: Descriptive Statistics
  8.4.2. Model II: One-Sample Problems
  8.4.3. Model III: Two Independent Samples
  8.4.4. Model IV: Paired-Data Sample
  8.4.5. Model V: Independent Samples
  8.4.6. Model VI: Correlational Sample
  8.4.7. Model VII: Observed Minus Expected Frequencies
  8.5. Model I: Descriptive Statistics: Organization and Tabulation of Descriptive Data
  8.5.1. Table of Percentage
  8.5.2. Frequency Distribution Table
  8.5.3. Graphs and Other Pictorial Representations
  8.5.4. Frequency Polygon
  8.5.5. Histograms and Bar Graphs
  8.5.6. Cumulative Frequency Distributive Polygon
  8.5.7. Statistical Pie
  8.5.8. Scatter Diagrams
  8.5.9. Measures of Central Tendency
  8.5.10. Measures of Variability
  8.5.11. Stem and Leaf
  Contents note continued: 8.5.12. z-Scores and the Normal Curve
  8.5.13. Normality and the Normal Curve
  8.5.14. Vital Statistics
  8.6. Inferential Statistics and Testing a Hypothesis
  8.6.1. Probability and Clinical Research
  8.6.2. Procedure for Statistically Testing a Hypothesis
  8.6.3. Potential Sources of Research Errors Affecting Statistical Significance
  8.6.4. Exploratory Data Analysis
  8.6.5. Concept of Statistical Power and Effect Size
  8.7. Model II: One-Sample Problems (One-Sample t-Test)
  8.7.1. Hypothetical Example for Testing for Statistically Significant Differences between Sample Mean and Parameter Mean Values
  8.8. Model III: Two Independent Groups
  8.8.1. Independent t-Test
  8.8.2. Mann-Whitney U Test
  8.9. Model IV: Paired Data Sample
  8.9.1. Correlated t-Test
  8.9.2. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for Paired Data Samples
  8.10. Model V: κ-Independent Samples
  8.10.1. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
  8.10.2. Kruskal-Wallis Test for κ Sample
  8.11. Model VI: Correlation (Pearson Product-Moment and Spearman Rank Correlation)
  8.11.1. Definition of Correlation
  8.11.2. Example of a Correlation in the Literature
  8.11.3. Stepwise Procedure for Correlation
  8.12. Model VII: Observed Frequencies (Chi-Square)
  8.12.1. Example of Chi-Square
  8.12.2. Operational Procedure of Observed Versus Expected Frequencies (Chi-Square)
  8.12.3. Kappa
  8.12.4. Rasch Analysis
  8.13. Statistical Software Packages
  8.13.1. Statistical Product for the Social Sciences (SPSS©)
  8.13.2. Statistical Analysis Software (SAS)
  8.13.3. SYSTAT
  8.13.4. UNISTAT
  8.14. Summary
  ch. 9 Selecting a Test Instrument
  9.1. Key Concepts in Testing
  9.2. Early History of Test Development
  9.2.1. Influence of Binet on IQ Testing
  9.2.2. Alternative Tests to the Binet
  9.2.3. Factor Analytical Theories of Intelligence
  9.2.4. Alternative Theories of Intelligence
  9.2.5. Group Aptitude and Achievement Tests
  9.3. Outline of Overall Evaluative Process of Testing
  9.4. Characteristics of a Good Test in Clinical Research
  9.5. Assumptions in Clinical Evaluation
  9.6. Major Purposes of Testing in Clinical Research
  9.7. Conceptual Model for Selecting a Test Instrument for Clinical Research
  9.8. Bibliographic Sources
  9.8.1. Books on Psychological Testing
  9.8.2. Internet Sources
  9.9. Test Instruments
  9.9.1. Psychosocial Tests
  9.9.2. Physical Dysfunction, Motor Control, Pain, and Independent Living
  9.9.3. Vocational and Prevocational
  9.9.4. Geriatrics
  9.9.5. Pediatrics
  9.9.6. Special Populations
  9.9.7. Neuropsychological Batteries
  9.10. Reviewing and Evaluating Tests
  9.10.1. Outline for Reviewing Tests
  9.10.2. Example of Test Review
  9.11. Criterion-Referenced Tests and Norm-Referenced Tests
  9.11.1. Applying Criterion-Referenced Concepts to Research
  9.12. Test Publishers
  9.13. Ethical Considerations in Testing
  9.14. Summary
  ch. 10 Scientific Writing and Thesis Preparation
  10.1. Preparation for Writing
  10.2. Outlining the Research Study
  10.2.1. Introduction to the Research Paper
  10.2.2. Review of the Literature
  10.2.3. Method
  10.2.4. Results
  10.2.5. Summary, Discussion, and Implications of the Findings
  10.2.6. Reference List and Appendices
  10.2.7. Abstract
  10.3. Writing the First Draft
  10.4. Making Revisions
  10.4.1. Bias
  10.4.2. People First Language
  10.4.3. Mechanics of Writing
  10.4.4. Transitional Words, Phrases, and Sentences
  10.4.5. Clarity of Thought
  10.4.6. Organization
  10.5. Quotations, Referenced Material, and Bibliographic Citations
  10.6. Format of a Paper
  10.6.1. Outline of a Research Proposal
  10.7. Sample Proposal of a Graduate Research Project
  10.8. Preparation for Presentation
  10.8.1. Poster Session
  10.8.2. Conference Paper
  10.8.3. Publication
  10.9. Summary
  Appendix A-1 Web Addresses of Selected Professional Associations
  Appendix A-2 Selected List of Consumer Health Organizations
  Appendix B Commonly Used Medical Abbreviations
  Appendix C Statistical Tables
  C-1. Random Numbers
  C-2. Proportion of Areas under the Normal Curve (Percentile Rank)
  C-3. Critical Values for t-Test
  C-4. Critical Values for F (Analysis of Variance, ANOVA)
  C-5. Critical Values for the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (r)
  C-6. Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient (r)
  C-7. Critical Values for the Mann-Whitney U Test
  C-8. Critical Values of T for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
  C-9. Student Range Statistic for Tukey's Honestly Significantly Difference Test (HSD)
  C-10. Critical Values for the Chi-Square Distribution (Χ2).