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    On the forests of tropical Asia : lest the memory fade / Peter Ashton ; edited and with co-authorship of the final two chapters by Reinmar Seidler ; and with much help from Abdul Rahman Kassim [and ninety eight others].

    • Title:On the forests of tropical Asia : lest the memory fade / Peter Ashton ; edited and with co-authorship of the final two chapters by Reinmar Seidler ; and with much help from Abdul Rahman Kassim [and ninety eight others].
    •    
    • Author/Creator:Ashton, Peter S., author.
    • Other Contributors/Collections:Seidler, Reinmar, editor.
      Kassim, Abdul Rahman, contributor.
    • Published/Created:Richmond, Surrey : Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in association with the Arnold Arboretumm of Harvard University, 2014.
    • Holdings

       
    • Library of Congress Subjects:Forests and forestry--Asia.
      Forest ecology--Asia.
    • Description:670 pages : illustrations (chiefly color), maps (chiefly color) ; 30 cm
    • Notes:Includes bibliographical references (pages 603-641) and indexes.
    • ISBN:9781842464755 (hbk.)
      1842464752 (hbk.)
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Tropical Asia as a special case: the physical environment
      1. History and geology
      1.1. History over geological time: the interplay of tectonic masses
      1.2. Surface geology and geomorphology: table tablelands set among a buckled and crushed jumble
      1.3. Among epicontinental seas
      2. Climate
      2.1. What are the tropics?
      2.2. Mapping the Asian climate
      2.3. climate in tropical Asia
      2.4. day in the tropics: the diurnal march of the weather
      3. history of climate change and stability
      3.1. Early history
      3.2. Pleistocene
      4. Tropical forest soils
      4.1. Soils typology and classification
      4.2. Soils reflect landscape dynamics
      4.3. Soil distributions in tropical Asia
      5. Tropical Asia: lands of forests and deserts
      5.1. Ever-changing landscapes
      5.2. Dense with the successors of ancient civilizations
      5.3. landscapes of Asia and its forests constitute a palimpsest
      References
      ch. 2 Lowland forest form and function: reconciling light and drought
      pt. I Lowland forests in an aseasonal climate
      1. Is the mature rain forest vertically stratified?
      1.1. Stratification by maximum tree height
      1.2. Stratification by branch architecture
      1.3. Stratification through gross crown architecture and presentation of flowers
      1.4. Leaf layers as a source of stratification
      Box 2.1 Palms
      2. lowland rain forest cycle: the life of a stand
      2.1. regeneration niche: pioneer (and climax) species
      2.2. gap phase and succession
      2.3. ever-changing canopy
      2.4. Mortality
      2.5. Primary productivity
      3. Structural and physiognomic variation within perhumid landscapes and regions
      3.1. lowland mixed dipterocarp forests
      3.2. Kerangas and peat swamp forest
      3.3. Variation in canopy disturbance
      3.4. What, in summary, causes the diversity of forest canopy structure within perhumid climates?
      3.5. Roots
      3.6. Biomass, productivity and carbon
      4. Conclusion
      pt. II Forests of the seasonal tropics
      5. Seasonal evergreen dipterocarp forests
      5.1. Southern seasonal evergreen dipterocarp forests
      5.2. Northern seasonal evergreen dipterocarp forests
      6. Forests influenced by fire, drought and by storms
      6.1. nature and causes of forest fire
      6.2. Champion's classification requires renaming
      6.3. Semi-evergreen forests
      Box 2.2 conundrum of the semi-evergreen
      deciduous forest mosaic: Huai Kha Khaeng UNESCO World Heritage Forest and Wildlife Sanctuary
      6.4. Deciduous forests in India
      Box 2.3 deciduous forested landscape: Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary
      6.5. Indo-Burmese deciduous forests pose puzzling questions
      6.6. Deciduous woodlands of East Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands
      6.7. Some general characteristics of Asian semievergreen and deciduous forests
      7. Semi-arid vegetation
      8. Semi-evergreen notophyll forests
      9. savanna question
      10. epilogue
      References
      ch. 3 Patterns of species composition in Asian tropical lowland forests
      pt. I Forests of the aseasonal regions
      1. mixed dipterocarp forests
      1.1. nature of the habitat influences on species composition: intersecting influences of nutrients versus water stress
      1.2. Competition influences species composition within habitats
      1.3. Regional history also influences species composition
      2. Inland forests of other habitats
      2.1. Kerangas
      2.2. Forests on limestone
      2.3. Ultramafic (ophiolitic) substrates
      2.4. Riverine forests
      2.5. Mixed evergreen forests east of the Sunda Shelf
      pt. II Seasonal forests: the influence of seasonality in rainfall and temperature overlays that of geology and soil
      3. Seasonal evergreen forests
      3.1. Southern seasonal evergreen dipterocarp and other forests
      3.2. Northern seasonal evergreen dipterocarp forests
      4. Semi-evergreen forests
      4.1. Southern semi-evergreen forests: East Asia
      4.2. Southern semi-evergreen forests: South Asia
      4.3. Northern semi-evergreen forests
      4.4. Summary
      5. Deciduous forests
      5.1. floristic transition
      5.2. Tall and short deciduous forests of India
      5.3. Deciduous forests of Indo-Burma
      6. Forests of seasonal climates east of Sunda
      6.1. Philippines - an offshore enigma
      6.2. Seasonal forests of Java and east of Wallace's Line
      7. South Asian semi-evergreen notophyll forests
      8. Mechanisms underlying floristic change with increasing seasonality
      9. At the margins of the tropics
      9.1. Continental Asia
      9.2. tropical margin in the semi-arid north-west
      9.3. southern tropical margin
      9.4. Use of the term `subtropical'
      9.5. conclusion
      Key to the main lowland forest types of Asia west of Wallace's Line
      References
      ch. 4 mountain forests: abode of clouds
      1. Forests altitudinally zoned
      1.1. Two mountains
      1.2. Four forest zones
      2. Lowland forests
      2.1. Are lowland forests altitudinally zoned?
      2.2. lowland to montane forest transition
      3. Lower montane forests
      3.1. Lower montane forests of Indo-Burma and Western Malesia
      Box 4.1 Indo-Burmese lower montane oak-laurel forest
      3.2. Lower montane forests of eastern Malesia
      3.3. Lower montane forests of South Asia
      3.4. Lower montane forests of the dry seasonal tropics
      Box 4.2 Tropical conifer ecology
      3.5. Other plant life forms and habits
      3.6. transition from lowland to lower montane forest: physical correlates
      3.7. Site-related floristic variation within lower montane communities
      3.8. Variation in tree heights and leaf sizes in lower montane forest
      4. Upper montane forests
      4.1. General characteristics
      4.2. problem of defining upper montane forest
      4.3. Physical correlates of structurally defined upper montane forests
      4.4. Summary
      5. Tropical subalpine forests and the upper limits of tropical forests
      5.1. Definition and distribution
      5.2. altitudinal limits of forest in tropical Asia
      5.3. Frost and drought on equatorial mountains
      5.4. upper limits of tropical montane forest, and transition to temperate evergreen montane forest at higher latitudes
      5.5. Departures from previous montane forest classifications
      6. Dynamics of montane forests
      6.1. Productivity
      6.2. Determinants of species' altitudinal ranges
      6.3. Succession
      6.4. Patterns of mortality and regeneration
      7. Discussion and conclusions
      7.1. Which previously published zonal characteristics have been confirmed?
      7.2. If our primary definition of tropical montane forest zones is floristic, how closely are structural and physical attributes correlated?
      7.3. What changes in physical habitat correlates with changes in the montane vegetation?
      7.4. Are changes in forest structure and composition continuous, or is altitudinal zonation real?
      7.5. Do forest ecotones occur at consistent altitudes?
      7.6. What are the relative roles of competition and physiological constraints on the altitudinal distribution of tree species?
      7.7. Conclusion: determinants of the altitudinal and latitudinal limits of tropical forest
      References
      ch. 5 Trees and their mobile links: third parties that mediate natural selection
      1. indispensible mobile links
      2. Challenges in achieving effective cross-pollination in hyperdiverse forests
      2.1. Floral ecology, pollinators, and pollination
      2.2. nature of the problem
      2.3. Tree breeding systems
      2.4. contrary enigma
      2.5. Hybridisation
      2.6. Apomixis
      2.7. How do rain forest tree species successfully cross-pollinate despite the evolutionary conservatism of flower morphology?
      2.8. Flowering phenology
      Box 5.1 Asian peculiar: the dipterocarps
      Box 5.2 Asian particular: Xerospermum noronhianum, Sapindaceae, a subcanopy tree and the commonest tree in the Pasoh forest
      Box 5.3 Asian particular: reproductive ecology of an archaic subcanopy clade: the Polyalthia hypoleuca group
      Box 5.4 Asian particular: the bamboos
      3. pollinators and their flowers
      3.1. Foraging patterns
      3.2. Pollinators in Asia and the Neotropics
      3.3. Wind as a pollinator
      4. Tree reproduction in the seasonal tropics
      Box 5.5 Asian particular: the ecology of honeybee pollination
      Box 5.6 Asian particular: the `fruit' bats (Megachiroptera) and their flowers
      Box 5.7 Asian particular: figs
      5. Seed dispersal
      5.1. Tropical versus temperate tree seed dispersal
      5.2. seed dispersers
      5.3. Seed dispersal distances
      5.4. Fecundity and competitive success
      5.5. Dispersal and genetic differentiation
      6. Other third parties
      6.1. Herbivory
      Box 5.8 Asian particular: the Asian elephant, Elephas maximus
      Box 5.9 Asian particular: wild boar
      6.2. Insects as defenders
      6.3. Insect predation of seeds and seedlings
      6.4. Pathogens
      6.5. crucial symbiont
      7. Conclusions
      References
      ch. 6 palimpsest of history as reflected in geographical distributions
      1. Interpreting the past
      1.1. Sources of evidence
      1.2. Origins
      2. series of immigrations into tropical Asia
      2.1. Five distinct geographical patterns among higher taxa
      Box 6.1 Gymnosperms geography
      2.2. Subsequent diversification in tropical Asia
      2.3. In Asia, where are the ancient flowering plant families concentrated?
      2.4. Summary
      3. Our present era: diversification through speciation
      3.1. Barriers to dispersal as drivers of speciation
      Contents note continued: 3.2. regional rainforests and their origins
      3.3. age and mode of speciation of rainforest tree species in Asia
      4. Overall summary and conclusions
      References
      ch. 7 Forest and tree taxon diversity: why does it vary, and how is it maintained?
      1. Is species diversity maintained within rainforest tree communities by ecological equivalence in harmonious environments, or by specialization?
      2. Spatial patterns of species richness and community diversity within the tree floras of tropical Asia
      2.1. Patterns of richness and diversity at the regional scale
      2.2. Patterns of diversity at the community scale
      2.3. Rank order of abundance
      2.4. Co-occurring series of congeneric species
      2.5. Competition may not be detectable in spatial patterns
      2.6. Genetic variability as evidence for evolution of niche specificity
      3. origins of tree species diversity in tropical rainforests
      4. role of community drift: a last laugh for neutral theory?
      5. Is tree diversity correlated with that of other life forms?
      6. Conclusions
      6.1. Patterns of species richness among regional floras
      6.2. Patterns of species diversity within and between communities at regional scale
      6.3. Variation in community a-diversity among tree species communities at landscape and larger scale within uniform climates
      6.4. Summary and overall conclusions
      References
      ch. 8 People and the forest: a tightly interwoven tapestry has frayed
      1. influence of ancient traditions
      1.1. Lands and peoples of the seasonal tropics
      1.2. Agriculture in the perhumid Far East
      1.3. Throughout tropical Asia, a common tradition and history of land use
      2. modern world of global trade
      2.1. long history
      2.2. Commodity plantations arrive
      2.3. Declining forests induce efforts to sustain them
      2.4. quest for sustainable forest management
      3. indigenous forest still shrinks
      4. triumph of mercantilism
      4.1. Mercantilism in the forests of Malaysia, as one example
      4.2. Why have lowland forests survived better in the seasonal tropics?
      5. social and political environment for forests in post-colonial Asia
      5.1. colonial legacy
      5.2. Post-colonial populations: Thailand as an example
      5.3. Colonial and post-colonial administrations
      6. Forests as an arena of conflict between the rural population and urban interests
      6.1. Joint forest management in India, and other participatory management
      6.2. regional trade in forest resources
      6.3. historical pattern and two exceptions
      7. More than timber has been lost
      7.1. Loss of traditional forest knowledge
      7.2. Non-timber forest products: still critically important in many Asian forests
      7.3. Carbon sequestration
      8. Other forest pressures are gathering momentum
      8.1. Fire
      8.2. Forest change and wildlife
      8.3. Fragmentation
      8.4. Invasive plant species
      8.5. neglect of silvicultural research
      8.6. Neglect of the gene pool
      9. Stirrings of a conservation movement?
      9.1. Halting progress toward sustainable forest management and conservation of forest biota
      9.2. tide could yet turn
      9.3. growth of ecotourism
      9.4. Global-scale carbon commercialisation efforts
      References
      ch. 9 future: can we retain forest options profitably?
      1. Social and economic challenges for sustainable use of natural resources in tropical Asia
      1.1. Our present predicament
      1.2. Traditional high value of forests
      1.3. What case for retaining land under rainforest for timber, let alone biodiversity, when commodity crops beckon?
      1.4. Changing values
      2. Present and future potentials of the indigenous forest
      2.1. What future for forest minorities?
      2.2. Challenges of multipleuse
      2.3. Sustainable forest management
      2.4. Protecting indigenous forest biodiversity
      2.5. How long might it take to regenerate a rainforest to its original condition?
      3. Meeting the hidden ecological costs of sustainable timber production
      3.1. Multiple use forests, or multiple use forested landscapes?
      3.2. How can priority areas for conservation of biodiversity be identified?
      3.3. What of timber plantations?
      3.4. Can ecotourism help protect biodiversity?
      4. Climate change and tropical forests
      4.1. Impacts of changes in weather patterns
      4.2. Impacts of increasing atmospheric carbon
      4.3. Sea level rise
      5. We can meet these varying challenges of sustainable use
      6. Reconciling conflicting demands on forests: toward equitable solutions
      6.1. Who should be the forests' keepers in our current world?
      6.2. Some forms of community forest management
      6.3. Wider horizons of forest dependency and responsibility
      6.4. What, then, should be the future role of the state?
      7. All need not be lost
      7.1. Public action is being aroused
      7.2. vision for the landscape
      8. Epilogue
      References.
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