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    Cantonese : a comprehensive grammar / Stephen Matthews and Virginia Yip.

    • Title:Cantonese : a comprehensive grammar / Stephen Matthews and Virginia Yip.
    •    
    • Author/Creator:Matthews, Stephen, 1963-
    • Other Contributors/Collections:Yip, Virginia, 1962-
    • Published/Created:Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2011.
    • Holdings

       
    • Library of Congress Subjects:Cantonese dialects--Grammar.
    • Edition:2nd ed.
    • Description:xxiii, 510 p. ; 24 cm
    • Series:Routledge comprehensive grammars.
    • Notes:Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
    • ISBN:9780415471305 (alk. paper)
      0415471303 (alk. paper)
      9780415471312 (pbk. : alk. paper)
      0415471311 (pbk. : alk. paper)
      9780203835012 (ebk. : alk. paper)
      0203835018 (ebk. : alk. paper)
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: language and its speakers
      descriptive approach
      fallacy of `correct' pronunciation
      Cantonese and Mandarin
      Spoken and written Cantonese
      Cantonese characters
      Romanization
      Examples
      Revisions to the second edition
      Linguistic literature on Cantonese
      Dictionaries
      Learning Cantonese
      1. Phonology: the Cantonese sound system
      1.1. Consonants
      1.1.1. Initial consonants
      1.1.2. Unreleased consonants
      1.1.3. Nasal and liquid consonants
      1.1.4. Syllabic nasals
      1.2. Vowels
      1.2.1. Vowel quality
      1.2.2. Vowel length
      1.2.3. Diphthongs
      1.3. Syllable structure
      1.3.1. Initials and finals
      1.4. Tone
      1.4.1. basic tones
      1.4.2. Tone change
      1.4.3. Tone and intonation
      1.5. Variation and change in pronunciation
      1.5.1. Consonants
      1.5.2. Tones
      2. Word structure: morphology and word formation
      2.1. Reduplication
      2.1.1. Reduplication of nouns and classifiers
      2.1.2. Reduplication of verbs and adjectives
      2.1.3. Onomatopoeic and sound-symbolic reduplication
      2.2. Prefixes and suffixes
      2.2.1. Prefixes
      2.2.2. Suffixes
      2.2.3. Infixes
      2.3. Compounding
      2.3.1. Compound nouns
      2.3.2. Compound adjectives
      2.3.3. Verb-object compounds
      2.3.4. Subject-verb compounds
      3. Syntactic categories: parts of speech in Cantonese
      3.1. Comparability of syntactic categories
      3.1.1. Verbs versus adjectives
      3.1.2. Verbs and auxiliaries
      3.1.3. Coverbs/prepositions
      3.1.4. Localizers/postpositions
      3.1.5. Classifiers
      3.1.6. Adverbs
      3.1.7. Verbal and sentence particles
      3.1.8. Conjunctions
      4. Sentence structure: word order and topicalization
      4.1. Basic word order: subject, verb and object
      4.1.1. [Subject + object + verb] order
      4.1.2. [Verb + subject] order
      4.1.3. Right-dislocation
      4.2. Topicalization and topic prominence
      4.2.1. Topicalization of the object
      4.2.2. Hanging topics and double subjects
      4.2.3. Secondary topicalization
      4.2.4. Verb fronting
      4.2.5. Definite subjects and existential sentences
      4.2.6. Topic chains
      5. Pronouns
      5.1. Personal pronouns
      5.1.1. Animate, inanimate and expletive keuih
      5.1.2. Omitted pronouns
      5.2. Reflexive pronouns
      5.2.1. jihgei
      5.2.2. [Pronoun + jihgei]
      5.2.3. Syntax of reflexive pronouns
      5.3. Reciprocals: each other
      6. noun phrase
      6.1. Definiteness and demonstratives
      6.1.1. [Classifier + noun] phrases
      6.1.2. Demonstratives
      6.1.3. Demonstratives in apposition
      6.2. Noun classifiers
      6.2.1. Syntax and usage of classifiers
      6.2.2. Measure (quantity) classifiers
      6.2.3. Sortal (type) classifiers
      6.2.4. Alternative classifiers
      6.2.5. Verbal classifier phrases
      6.3. Possessive constructions
      6.3.1. Possessive constructions with ge
      6.3.2. Possessive constructions with classifier
      6.3.3. Associative constructions
      7. Prepositions and expressions of location
      7.1. Location
      7.1.1. Spatial location: coverbs and localizers
      7.1.2. Distance and movement
      7.1.3. Direction
      7.1.4. Placement
      7.2. Non-spatial relationships
      7.2.1. Coverbs
      7.2.2. Non-spatial localizers/postpositions
      8. verb phrase
      8.1. Types of verb
      8.1.1. verb haih `be'
      8.1.2. Stative verbs
      8.1.3. Verbs of perception
      8.1.4. Verbs of cognition
      8.2. Objects of the verb and transitivity
      8.2.1. Direct and directional objects
      8.2.2. Double object verbs and indirect objects
      8.2.3. Quantified objects
      8.2.4. Verb-object compounds
      8.2.5. Adverbial objects
      8.3. Serial verbs
      8.3.1. Directional verbs and verbs of motion
      8.3.2. Serial constructions expressing actions
      8.3.3. jeung construction
      8.4. Passives
      8.4.1. Indirect passives
      8.4.2. Resultative passives
      8.5. Causative and resultative constructions
      8.5.1. Causative constructions
      8.5.2. Resultative compounds
      8.5.3. Resultative and extent complements
      8.5.4. Inverted resultative constructions
      9. Adjectival constructions: description and comparison
      9.1. Syntax of adjectives
      9.1.1. Predicative adjectives
      9.1.2. Attributive adjectives
      9.1.3. Modification of adjectives
      9.2. Reduplication of adjectives
      9.2.1. AA and AABB reduplication
      9.2.2. [Adjective + adjective + dei]
      9.2.3. ABB adjectives
      9.3. Comparison of adjectives
      9.3.1. Degrees of comparison
      9.3.2. Equal comparisons
      9.3.3. Negative and interrogative comparisons
      9.3.4. Excessives
      9.3.5. Superlatives
      9.4. Complementation: complex structures with adjectives
      9.4.1. Adjectives of ease and difficulty
      9.4.2. Evaluative constructions
      10. Adverbial constructions
      10.1. Adverbs modifying the verb phrase
      10.1.1. dak
      10.1.2. gam
      10.1.3. gam and gam jaih
      10.1.4. Reduplicated adverbs
      10.2. Comparison of adverbs
      10.3. Sentence adverbs: modifying the sentence
      10.3.1. Position of sentence adverbs
      10.3.2. Adverbs of quantity
      10.3.3. Adverbs of time
      10.3.4. Adverbs of frequency
      10.4. Adverbial phrases
      10.4.1. Viewpoint adverbs
      11. Aspect and verbal particles
      11.1. Aspect and the expression of time
      11.2. Aspect markers
      11.2.1. Syntax of aspect markers
      11.2.2. Progressive: gan, haidouh
      11.2.3. Continuous: jyuh
      11.2.4. Perfective: jo
      11.2.5. Experiential: gwo
      11.2.6. yauh and mouh as auxiliaries
      11.2.7. Delimitative: hah
      11.2.8. Inchoative and continuative: hei-seuhng-laih and lohk-heui
      11.2.9. Habitual: hoi and gwaan
      11.3. Verbal particles
      11.3.1. Directional particles
      11.3.2. Resultative particles
      11.3.3. Quantifying particles
      11.3.4. Adversative/habitual chan
      12. Modality: possibility and probability
      12.1. Modal verbs
      12.1.1. Possibility and permission
      12.1.2. Ability
      12.1.3. Necessity
      12.1.4. Obligation
      12.1.5. Volition: wishes and desires
      12.1.6. Preference
      12.2. Modal adverbs
      12.2.1. Adverbs of possibility
      12.2.2. Adverbs of necessity
      12.3. Syntactic constructions expressing modality
      12.3.1. [Verb + dak]: expressing potential
      12.3.2. [yauh/mouh dak + verb]
      12.3.3. [Verb + mh + verbal particle]: expressing inability
      13. Negation
      13.1. Lexical negation: negative verbs and adjectives
      13.2. Adjectival negation
      13.3. Verbal negation
      13.4. Indefinite negation: not ... any
      13.5. Double negatives
      13.6. Negative wh-constructions
      14. Quantification and existential sentences
      14.1. Universal quantification: all, every and each
      14.1.1. Syntax of dou
      14.1.2. Reduplicated quantifiers
      14.1.3. so yauh (ge)
      14.1.4. muih `each, every'
      14.1.5. Any
      14.2. Relative quantities: much/many, little/few
      14.2.1. Comparing quantities: more and less
      14.2.2. Most
      14.3. Existential sentences
      14.3.1. Indefinite some
      14.3.2. Negative none, no one, nothing
      15. Relative and noun-modifying clauses
      15.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses
      15.2. Relative clauses with ge
      15.3. Relative clauses with classifier
      15.4. Resumptive pronouns
      15.5. Attributive clauses
      15.6. Free relative clauses
      16. Coordination and subordinate clauses
      16.1. Coordination
      16.1.1. Coordination of words and phrases
      16.1.2. Lists
      16.1.3. Coordination of clauses
      16.1.4. Disjunction: either ... or
      16.2. Subordinate clauses
      16.2.1. Time clauses
      16.2.2. Reason clauses
      16.2.3. Purpose clauses
      16.2.4. Concessive clauses: although
      16.3. Conditional sentences
      16.3.1. Explicit conditionals
      16.3.2. Implicit conditionals
      16.3.3. Negative conditionals: if not, unless
      16.4. Cleft sentences and emphasis
      16.5. Indirect speech
      17. Questions
      17.1. Yes/no questions
      17.1.1. Particle questions
      17.1.2. A-not-A questions
      17.1.3. Copular questions: haih-mhaih
      17.1.4. Perfective questions: meih
      17.1.5. Existential questions: yauh-mouh
      17.1.6. Tag questions
      17.1.7. Intonation and echo questions
      17.1.8. Responses to yes/no questions
      17.1.9. Replies to negative questions
      17.2. Alternative questions
      17.3. W/h-questions
      17.3.1. Who questions
      17.3.2. What questions
      17.3.3. Which questions
      17.3.4. Where questions
      17.3.5. When and time questions
      17.3.6. Why questions: reason and purpose
      17.3.7. How questions: manner and degree
      17.3.8. How many/how much
      17.3.9. Fronted wh-questions
      17.4. Indirect questions
      17.5. Multiple questions
      17.6. Exclamatory questions
      18. Sentence particles and interjections
      18.1. Role of the sentence particle
      18.1.1. Pronunciation: tone and intonation
      18.2. Syntax of sentence-final particles
      18.2.1. Topic particles
      18.2.2. Clause-final particles
      18.2.3. Particle combinations
      18.3. Functions of the particles
      18.3.1. Question particles
      18.3.2. Assertive particles
      18.3.3. Imperative and persuasive particles
      18.3.4. Evidential particles
      18.3.5. Exclamatory and affective particles
      18.3.6. Adverbial particles
      18.4. Interjections
      18.4.1. Place-fillers
      18.4.2. Exclamations
      19. Imperative sentences: commands and requests
      19.1. Second person imperatives
      Contents note continued: 19.2. First person imperatives
      19.3. Third person imperatives
      19.4. Negative imperatives
      19.5. Indirect commands
      20. Cantonese speech conventions: politeness and terms of address
      20.1. Politeness conventions
      20.1.1. Requests
      20.1.2. Thanks
      20.1.3. Apologies
      20.1.4. Compliments
      20.1.5. Introductions
      20.2. Terms of address
      20.3. Kinship terms
      20.3.1. Parents and grandparents
      20.3.2. Brothers, sisters and cousins
      20.3.3. Relations by marriage
      20.3.4. Children and grandchildren
      20.3.5. Kinship dyads
      20.4. Greetings
      20.5. Telephone expressions
      20.6. Trendy language
      21. Numerals and times
      21.1. Numerals
      21.1.1. Decimals and figures
      21.1.2. Abbreviations
      21.1.3. Approximations
      21.1.4. Cardinal numbers
      21.1.5. Ordinal numbers
      21.1.6. Fractions and percentages
      21.1.7. Lucky and taboo numbers
      21.2. Days and months
      21.2.1. Dates
      21.3. Times of day.
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