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    Speech sound disorders / Shelley Lynne Velleman.

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    • Title:Speech sound disorders / Shelley Lynne Velleman.
    •    
    • Author/Creator:Velleman, Shelley Lynne, author.
    • Published/Created:Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer, [2016]

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    • Library of Congress Subjects:Speech disorders.
      Phonetics.
      Speech therapy.
    • Medical Subjects: Speech Disorders.
      Language Development Disorders.
      Phonetics.
      Speech Therapy.
    • Description:xvii, 307 pages ; 28 cm
    • Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
    • ISBN:9781496316240 paperback
      149631624X paperback
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Perspectives on Speech Sound Development and Disorders
      Introduction
      Physiologic Bases for Speech and Speech Processing
      Rationale for Studying Phonological Systems in General
      Goals
      Components of Phonological Systems
      Summary
      ch. 2 Review of Phonetics and Phonology
      Phonology
      Phonetic Concepts
      Phonological Elements
      Words
      Syllables
      Phones
      Phonetic Universals
      Vowels
      Stops
      Nasals
      Liquids
      Fricatives
      Glides
      Markedness/Defaults
      Summary
      Contrast
      Phonemes
      Homonymic Clash
      Allophones
      Summary
      Distinctive Features
      Surface and Underlying Representations
      Summary
      Functioning of a Phonological System
      Ease of Perception and Production
      Functional Load
      Inventories
      Consonant Inventories
      Vowel Inventories
      Summary
      Phonological Patterns
      Phonological Rules
      Phonological Processes
      Phonological Avoidance: Constraints
      Summary
      Specific Types of Phonological Patterns
      Substitution Patterns
      Phonotactic Patterns
      Summary
      Introductory Concepts: Prosody
      Loudness
      Duration
      Pitch
      Stress
      Summary: Prosody
      Chapter Summary
      Appendix A International Phonetic Alphabet Symbols and Diacritics Used in This Book
      ch. 3 Precursors to Speech
      Introduction to Physiologic, Cognitive, and Social Bases for Phonology
      Anatomic and Motor Precursors
      Motor Programming and Planning
      Infant Versus Adult Resonatory and Articulatory Anatomy and Physiology
      Reflexes
      Muscle Tone
      Dysarthria
      Key Communication-Related Motor Systems and Disorders
      Respiratory Disorders
      Anatomically Based Resonatory and Articulatory Disorders
      Summary
      Sensory Functioning
      Hearing
      Speech Perception
      Vision
      Tactile Sensitivity and Proprioception
      Sensory
      Motor Connections
      Summary: Sensory Precursors and Contributions
      Speech Production Models
      Gestural Phonology
      DIVA
      Dynamic Systems Theory
      Summary
      Cognitive(
      Linguistic) Precursors to Speech
      Summary
      Social Precursors to Speech
      Summary
      Chapter Summary
      ch. 4 Basic Principles for Speech Sound Evaluation
      Introduction: What Are We Looking for?
      Difference Versus Delay Versus Disorder
      Sources of Speech Sound Problems
      Evaluation Considerations
      Purposes of Evaluations
      Identification
      Assessment
      Diagnosis
      Types of Assessment
      Static Assessment
      Dynamic Assessment
      Relational Analysis
      Independent Analysis
      Summary
      Oral Mechanism/Motor Speech Evaluation
      Overall Muscle Tone
      Symmetry
      Range of Motion
      Variability
      Fluidity
      Rate
      Assessment of Individual Structures
      Jaw
      Lips
      Teeth
      Tongue
      Palate and Oro
      Pharyngeal Area
      Resonance and Voice Quality
      Articulatory Control and Flexibility; Rate and Rhythmicity
      Dysarthria Versus Apraxia Versus Phonological Disorder
      Summary
      Popular Assessment Tool Types
      Articulation Tests
      Process Tests
      Comprehensive Phonological Analysis Procedures
      Summary: Pros and Cons of Various Assessment Tools and Strategies
      Speech Evaluation of Bilingual/Bidialectal Children
      Summary
      Summary of Evaluation
      ch. 5 Basic Treatment Principles
      Introduction
      Does Treatment Work?
      Core Treatment Concepts
      Motoric Intervention Approaches
      Non-Speech Oral-Motor Exercises
      Principles of Motor Learning
      Additional Considerations
      Summary
      Cognitive-Linguistic Approaches
      Additional Intervention Considerations
      Strategies for Children with Sensory Processing Disorders
      Strategies for Children with Social Deficits
      Intervention for Children Learning More Than One Language
      Diagnostic Therapy/Dynamic Assessment
      Considerations for Older Children: Listener Awareness and Repair Strategies
      Summary
      ch. 6 Beginnings: Pre-Speech and First Words
      Introduction
      From Burps to Babble: How Do Speech-Like Vocalizations Develop?
      Why Do We Care About Prelinguistic Vocalizations?
      Milestones: Infant Vocalization Stages
      Theories of Early Vocal Development
      Important Concepts from Child Phonology
      Presystematic Versus Systematic Phonology
      Phonological Idioms
      Summary
      Evaluation
      Treatment
      Summary
      ch. 7 Phones and Phonemes
      Introduction
      Phonetic Development
      Child Phonetic Inventories
      Summary
      Children's Markedness and Defaults
      Summary
      Sound Systems
      Consonant Inventories
      Vowel Inventories
      Universal Versus Ambient Language Effects
      Summary
      Contrast in Child Phonology
      Summary
      From Syllable to Segment
      Functional Load
      Accuracy Versus Contrast
      Summary
      Phonemes and Allophones: Surface and Underlying Representations in Child Phonology
      Summary
      Persistent Speech Sound Disorders
      Phones and Phonemes in Children with Specific Syndromes
      Assessment
      Assessment of Phonetic Repertoires
      Relational Analysis of Speech Sounds
      Assessment of Phonemes
      Independent Analysis of Contrast
      Relational Analysis of Phonemes
      Other Evidence of Contrast
      Summary
      Implications for Remediation
      Introduction
      Phonetic Therapy Approaches
      Factors That Impact Phonetic Therapy Outcomes
      Extrinsic Factors
      Child-Specific Intrinsic Factors
      Goal Attack Strategies
      Summary
      Contrast Remediation Approaches
      Summary/Implications
      ch. 8 Phonological Framework
      Preparation
      Importance of Analyzing Child Speech at the Syllable Level and Above
      Summary
      Child Phonotactic Limitations
      Number of Syllables in a Word
      Vowel as Syllable Nucleus
      Inclusion of Consonant Onset
      Open Versus Closed Syllables
      Consonant Clusters
      Inclusion of Sequences of Vowels
      Variation Within the Word: Reduplication and Harmony
      Consonant-Vowel Assimilation
      Distribution Requirements
      Assessment
      Assessment Tools
      Word and Syllable Shapes
      Consonant Clusters
      Syllable- or Word-Level Patterns
      Consonant-Vowel Dependencies
      Analyzing Unintelligible Speech
      Intervention
      General Guidelines
      Treatment Strategies
      Omissions of Syllables and Segments
      Syllable and Segmental Variety Within a Word
      Clusters
      Phonotactics of Childhood Apraxia of Speech
      Chapter Summary
      ch. 9 Phonological Patterns
      Introduction
      Phonological Pattern Types
      Generative Phonology: Rules
      Overview
      Clinical Implications
      Limitations of the Theory
      Summary
      Natural Phonology: Processes
      Overview
      Clinical Implications
      Data on Process Development
      Writing Phonological Process Goals
      Summary
      Phonological Avoidance: Constraints
      Overview
      Developmental and Clinical Implications
      Limitations of Optimality Theory
      Summary
      Relationships Among Pattern Types
      Summary
      Clinical Implications
      Assessment
      Generative Phonological Rules
      Phonological Processes
      Constraints
      Intervention Concepts
      Where to Begin
      Specific Considerations
      Generalization
      One Pattern at a Time Versus a Combination of Patterns
      Perception Versus Production; Contrast
      Change Pattern Versus Produce Sound Accurately
      Phonetic Versus Phonological Therapy
      Summary
      ch. 10 Prosody
      Introduction
      Prosodic Development
      Development of Intonation and Tone
      Duration and Rhythm Including Pauses
      Development of Lexical and Phrasal Stress
      Pragmatic Functions of Prosody
      Summary
      Prosodic Disorders
      Summary
      Prosodic Features Associated with Specific Disorders
      Childhood Apraxia of Speech
      Autism Spectrum Disorders
      Specific Language Impairment
      Cognitive Impairments
      Hearing Loss
      Summary
      Assessment
      Standardized Tests
      Intonation
      Stress Patterns
      Summary
      Treatment
      Preschool Years
      School-Aged Children
      Backward Buildups
      Explicit Practice of Stress Patterns
      Pitch
      Pauses
      Summary
      Appendix B Examples of Stress Patterns.
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