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    Social work research and evaluation : examined practice for action / Elizabeth DePoy, University of Maine, Stephen Gilson, University of Maine.

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    • Title:Social work research and evaluation : examined practice for action / Elizabeth DePoy, University of Maine, Stephen Gilson, University of Maine.
    •    
    • Author/Creator:DePoy, Elizabeth, author.
    • Other Contributors/Collections:Gilson, Stephen French, author.
    • Published/Created:Thousand Oaks, California : SAGE Publications, Inc., [2017]

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    • Library of Congress Subjects:Social service--Evaluation.
      Social service--Research.
      Social service--Methodology.
      Evaluation research (Social action programs)
    • Description:xx, 324 pages ; 24 cm
    • Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
    • ISBN:9781452259642 paperback ; alkaline paper
      145225964X paperback ; alkaline paper
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction to Examined Practice
      Introduction to the Rationale for the Text
      Examining the Name
      Model of Examined Practice
      Primary Principles of Examined Practice
      Turning to Philosophy
      Knowing How, Knowing That
      Illustration of Examined Practice in Diverse Social Work Settings
      Exemplars
      Roles and Responsibilities of "Examined Practitioners"
      How to Use This Book
      Summary
      References
      2. Problems, Issues, and Needs (What, Why, How, When, Where)
      Definition of Terms
      Thinking Processes of Problem and Issue Clarification
      First, Consider Vague Problem Specification
      Another Common Mistake Related to Vague Problem Definition Is Failure to State the Scope and Complexity of a Problem
      Stating a Problem in Terms of a Preferred Solution Is Another Error That Frequently Occurs
      Clarification of the Problem: Mapping and Force Field Analysis
      Force Field Analysis
      Driving Forces
      Restraining Forces
      Grounding Needs in Problem and Issues to Be Resolved
      What Is Known About a Need?
      Nature of Knowledge
      Descriptive Knowledge
      Relational Knowledge
      Predictive/Causal Knowledge
      Scope of Knowledge
      What Else Needs to Be Known and How?
      What Limitations Are Imposed on Needs Assessment by Resources and Time?
      Summary
      References
      3. Setting Goals and Objectives for Reflexive Intervention
      Emergence of Goals and Objectives From Needs Statement
      Deriving Goals From Need Statements
      Action Process of Crafting Process Objectives
      Action Process of Crafting Outcome Objectives
      Charting Outputs
      Grounding Social Work Activity in Goals and Objectives: Reflexive Intervention
      Selection of an Approach-Translating Goals and Objectives Into Action
      Systematic Reflexive Intervention Processes
      Monitoring
      Cost Analysis
      Analysis of External Influences on the Intervention Process and Outcome
      Using the Three Traditions (Experimental-Type, Naturalistic, Mixed Methods) in Reflexive Intervention
      Using Experimental-Type Traditions
      Using Naturalistic Traditions
      Using Mixed-Method Traditions
      Selecting a Tradition-Guiding Questions
      Illustration
      Summary
      References
      4. Exploring Outcomes
      Definition of Terms
      Purposes of Outcome Assessment
      Worth of Social Work
      Essential Elements of Outcome Assessment
      Value-Based Social Work Practice
      Systematic Inquiry Using One or More of the Three Research Traditions
      Linking Reflexive Intervention to Outcomes-Process, Output, and Outcome
      Measuring Intended Outcome Attainment Using Experimental-Type Methods
      Qualifying Intended Outcomes Using Naturalistic Inquiry
      Examining the Complexity of Intended and Unintended Outcomes Using All Traditions
      Investigation of Problem Resolution/Alteration
      Contribution to Professional Knowledge Base
      Cost of Interventions
      Summary
      References
      5. Sharing Examined Practice to Generate Social Work Knowledge
      Definition of Terms
      Examples of Sharing Knowledge
      Sharing Social Work Knowledge
      Science-Intuition Debate
      Why Share?
      When to Share?
      Where to Share?
      How to Share?
      Summary
      References
      6. Two Design Traditions and Then Mixing Them
      Philosophical Foundation of Experimental-Type Research
      Philosophical Foundation of Naturalistic Inquiry
      Philosophical Foundation of Mixed Methods
      Implications of Philosophical Differences for Systematic Inquiry in Examined Practice
      Theory in Examined Practice
      Experimental-Type Research
      Integrating the Two Research Traditions
      Summary
      References
      7. Role of Literature in Examined Practice
      Purposes of Literature Review in Examined Practice
      How to Conduct a Literature Search
      Step 1: Determine When to Conduct a Search
      Step 2: Delimit What Is Searched: Research, Theory, Practice Literature, Virtual Sources
      Step 3: Access Databases for Diverse Sources
      Step 4. Organize Information
      Step 5: Critically Evaluate the Literature
      Step 6: Preparing the Review
      Summary
      References
      8. Questions, Hypotheses, and Queries: The Basis for Rigor Assessment
      Research Questions in Experimental-Type Knowing
      Constructs
      Level of Questioning
      Level 1: Questions That Seek to Describe Phenomena
      Level 2: Questions That Explore Relationships Among Phenomena
      Level 3: Questions That Test Knowledge
      Hypotheses
      Research Queries in Naturalistic Inquiry
      Ethnography
      Phenomenology
      Grounded Theory
      Narrative
      Developing Naturalistic Research Queries
      Integrating Research Approaches
      Summary
      References
      9. Design in Both Traditions
      Specific Experimental-Type Designs
      True-Experimental
      Variations of Experimental-Type Design
      Quasi-Experimental
      Pre-Experimental
      Non-Experimental
      Geographic Analysis
      Criteria for Selecting Appropriate and Adequate Experimental-Type Designs
      Summary of Experimental-Type Design
      Naturalistic Inquiry Designs
      Endogenous Inquiry
      Participatory Action Research
      Critical Theory
      Phenomenology
      Heuristic Research
      Enthnography
      Narrative Inquiry
      Life History
      Object Reading
      Grounded Theory
      Naturalistic Meta-Analysis
      Mixed-Method Designs
      Summary
      References
      10. Setting and Protecting the Boundaries of a Study
      General Guidelines for Bounding Studies
      Subjects, Respondents, Informants, Participants, Locations, Conceptual Boundaries, Virtual Boundaries
      Protecting Boundaries
      What Is an IRB, and When Must It Be Involved?
      Principles for Protecting Human Subjects
      Full Disclosure
      Confidentiality
      Voluntary Participation
      Belmont Report
      Informed Consent Process
      Boundary Setting in Experimental-Type Examined Practice Inquiry
      Sampling Process
      Probability Sampling
      Simple Random Sampling
      Systematic Sampling
      Stratified Random Sampling
      Cluster Sampling
      Nonprobability Methods
      Convenience Sampling
      Purposive Sampling
      Snowball Sampling
      Quota Sampling
      Sampling in the Virtual Environment
      Comparing Sample to Population
      Determining Sample Size
      Boundary Setting in Naturalistic Inquiry
      Setting
      Groups and Experiences of Interest
      Concepts
      Artifacts and Images
      Involving Participants
      Theory-Based Selection
      Confirming and Disconfirming Cases
      Extreme or Deviant Case
      Guidelines for Determining "How Many"
      Process of Setting Boundaries and Selecting Informants
      Ethical Considerations
      Summary of Naturalistic Boundary Setting
      Few Words About Mixed Methods
      Summary
      References
      11. Obtaining Information
      Principles of Information Collection in All Three Traditions
      Looking, Watching, Listening, Reading, and Recording
      Asking
      Materials, Artifacts, or Spaces
      Obtaining Information in Experimental-Type Traditions
      Measurement Types
      Self-Report
      Proxy
      Observation
      Recording Information in Experimental-Type Traditions
      Obtaining Information in Naturalistic Traditions
      Four Information-Gathering Considerations
      Information-Gathering Processes
      Information-Gathering Strategies
      Observing: Looking, Watching, and Listening
      Asking
      Examining Materials
      Recording Obtained Information
      Accuracy in Collecting Information
      Multiple Thinkers
      Triangulation (Crystallization)
      Saturation
      Member Checking
      Reflexivity
      Audit Trail
      Mixing Methods
      Summary
      References
      12. Analysis
      What Is Statistical Analysis?
      Descriptive Statistics
      Inferential Statistics
      Associational Statistics
      Level 1: Descriptive Statistics
      Frequency Distribution
      Measures of Central Tendency
      Measures of Variability
      Bivariate Descriptive Statistics
      Level 2: Drawing Inferences
      How to Use Inferential Statistics
      One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Levels of Significance
      Level 3: Associations and Relationships
      Geospatial Analysis: GIS
      Other Visual Analysis Action Processes
      Naturalistic Data Analysis
      Strategies and Stages in Naturalistic Analysis
      Stage One: Inception of Inquiry
      Deliberate Thinking
      Developing Categories
      Developing Taxonomies
      Stage Two: Formal Report Preparation
      Accuracy and Rigor in Naturalistic Analysis
      Six Basic Actions Are Conducted for This Purpose
      Reflexivity
      Some Words About Mixed-Method Analysis
      Summary
      References
      13. Putting the Model to Work
      Themes
      Exemplar #1-Janice
      Problem Statement
      Social Work Intervention #1
      Need Statement
      Literature Support
      Reflexive Intervention
      Outcome Assessment #1
      Social Work Intervention #2
      Problem Statement
      Need Statement
      Goals and Objectives
      Reflexive Intervention
      Outcome Assessment
      Sharing
      Exemplar #2-Dean
      Problem Statement
      Need Statement
      Goals and Objectives
      Reflexive Intervention
      Outcome Assessment
      Revised Problem and Need Statement
      Sharing
      Exemplar #3-TAP (Tobacco Access Portal)
      Problem Statement
      Needs Assessment
      Needs Assessment Sampling
      Goals and Objectives
      Reflexive Intervention
      Outcome Assessment
      Sharing
      Exemplar #4-Aesthetic Mobility Device Project
      Problem Statement
      Needs Assessment
      Goals and Objectives
      Reflexive Intervention
      Outcome Assessment
      Sharing
      Exemplar #5-Workplace Accessibility
      Problem Statement #1
      Needs Assessment
      Goals and Objectives
      Contents note continued: Reflexive Intervention
      Outcome Assessment
      Problem Statement #2
      Needs Assessment
      Conclusion
      References.
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