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Rang & Dale's pharmacology / H. P. Rang, J.M. Ritter, R.J. Flower, G. Henderson.
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Title:Rang & Dale's pharmacology / H. P. Rang, J.M. Ritter, R.J. Flower, G. Henderson.
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Variant Title:Rang and Dale's pharmacology
Pharmacology
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Other Contributors/Collections:Rang, H. P., author.
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Published/Created:[Philadelphia, PA? ] : Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, an imprint of Elsevier Limited, [2016]
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Holdings
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Location:WOODWARD LIBRARY stacksWhere is this?
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Call Number: QV4 .R35 2016
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Number of Items:1
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Status:c.1 On loan - Due on 03-29-2024
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Location:WOODWARD LIBRARY stacksWhere is this?
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Library of Congress Subjects:Pharmacology.
Chemotherapy.
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Medical Subjects: Pharmacology.
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Edition:Eighth edition.
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Description:xv, 760 pages : colour illustrations ; 28 cm
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Summary:For 25 years, Rang and Dale's Pharmacology has delivered the core basic and clinical science information required by students and healthcare practitioners worldwide. Authors H.P. Rang, J.M. Ritter, R.J. Flower, and G. Henderson have ensured that the 8th Edition of this easy-to-read, comprehensive text continues the tradition of excellence with new coverage of drugs affecting the skin and new components online at Student Consult.
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Notes:Includes Internet access.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
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ISBN:9780702053627 paperback
0702053627 paperback
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Contents:Machine generated contents note: 1. What is pharmacology?
Overview
What is a drug?
Origins and antecedents
Pharmacology in the 20th and 21st centuries
Alternative therapeutic principles
emergence of biotechnology
Pharmacology today
2. How drugs act: general principles
Overview
Introduction
Protein targets for drug binding
Drug receptors
Drug specificity
Receptor classification
Drug receptor interactions
Competitive antagonism
Partial agonists and the concept of efficacy
Other forms of drug antagonism
Desensitisation and tolerance
Change in receptors
Translocation of receptors
Exhaustion of mediators
Altered drug metabolism
Physiological adaptation
Quantitative aspects of drug receptor interactions
binding reaction
Binding when more than one drug is present
nature of drug effects
3. How drugs act: molecular aspects
Overview
Targets for drug action
Receptors
Ion channels
Enzymes
Transporters
Receptor proteins
Cloning of receptors
Types of receptor
Molecular structure of receptors
Type 1: Ligand-gated ion channels
Type 2: G protein-coupled receptors
Type 3: Kinase-linked and related receptors
Type 4: Nuclear receptors
Ion channels as drug targets
Ion selectivity
Gating
Molecular architecture of ion channels
Pharmacology of ion channels
Control of receptor expression
Receptors and disease
4. How drugs act: cellular aspects excitation, contraction and secretion
Overview
Regulation of intracellular calcium
Calcium entry mechanisms
Calcium extrusion mechanisms
Calcium release mechanisms
Calmodulin
Excitation
'resting' cell
Electrical and ionic events underlying the action potential
Channel function
Muscle contraction
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Release of chemical mediators
Exocytosis
Non-vesicular release mechanisms
Epithelial ion transport
5. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, repair and regeneration
Overview
Cell proliferation
cell cycle
Interactions between cells, growth factors and the extracellular matrix
Angiogenesis
Apoptosis and cell removal
Morphological changes in apoptosis
major players in apoptosis
Pathways to apoptosis
Pathophysiological implications
Repair and healing
Hyperplasia
growth, invasion and metastasis of tumours
Stem cells and regeneration
Therapeutic prospects
Apoptotic mechanisms
Angiogenesis and metalloproteinases
Cell cycle regulation
6. Cellular mechanisms: host defence
Overview
Introduction
innate immune response
Pattern recognition
adaptive immune response
induction phase
effector phase
Systemic responses in inflammation
role of the nervous system in inflammation
Unwanted inflammatory and immune responses
outcome of the inflammatory response
7. Method and measurement in pharmacology
Overview
Bioassay
Biological test systems
General principles of bioassay
Animal models of disease
Genetic and transgenic animal models
Pharmacological studies in humans
Clinical trials
Avoidance of bias
size of the sample
Clinical outcome measures
Placebos
Meta-analysis
Balancing benefit and risk
8. Absorption and distribution of drugs
Overview
Introduction
Physical processes underlying drug disposition
movement of drug molecules across cell barriers
Binding of drugs to plasma proteins
Partition into body fat and other tissues
Drug absorption and routes of administration
Oral administration
Sublingual administration
Rectal administration
Application to epithelial surfaces
Distribution of drugs in the body
Body fluid compartments
Volume of distribution
Special drug delivery systems
9. Drug metabolism and elimination
Overview
Introduction
Drug metabolism
Phase 1 reactions
Phase 2 reactions
Stereoselectivity
Inhibition of P450
Induction of microsomal enzymes
First-pass (presystemic "first-pass" metabolism)
Pharmacologically active drug metabolites
Drug interactions due to enzyme induction or inhibition
Drug and metabolite excretion
Biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation
Renal excretion of drugs and metabolites
Drug interactions due to altered drug excretion
10. Pharmacokinetics
Overview
Introduction: definition and uses of pharmacokinetics
Uses of pharmacokinetics
Scope of this chapter
Drug elimination expressed as clearance
Single-compartment model
Effect of repeated dosing
Effect of variation in rate of absorption
More complicated kinetic models
Two-compartment model
Saturation kinetics
Population pharmacokinetics
Limitations of pharmacokinetics
11. Individual variation, pharmacogenomics and personalised medicine
Overview
Introduction
Epidemiological factors and inter-individual variation of drug response
Ethnicity
Age
Pregnancy
Disease
Drug interactions
Genetic variation in drug responsiveness
Relevant elementary genetics
Single-gene pharmacokinetic disorders
Therapeutic drugs and clinically available pharmacogenomic tests
HLA gene tests
Drug metabolism-related gene tests
Drug target-related gene tests
Combined (metabolism and target) gene tests
Conclusions
12. Chemical mediators and the autonomic nervous system
Overview
Historical aspects
autonomic nervous system
Basic anatomy and physiology
Transmitters in the autonomic nervous system
Some general principles of chemical transmission
Dale's principle
Denervation supersensitivity
Presynaptic modulation
Postsynaptic modulation
Transmitters other than acetylcholine and noradrenaline
Co-transmission
Termination of transmitter action
Basic steps in neurochemical transmission: sites of drug action
13. Cholinergic transmission
Overview
Muscarinic and nicotinic actions of acetylcholine
Acetylcholine receptors
Nicotinic receptors
Muscarinic receptors
Physiology of cholinergic transmission
Acetylcholine synthesis and release
Electrical events in transmission at fast cholinergic synapses
Effects of drugs on cholinergic transmission
Drugs affecting muscarinic receptors
Drugs affecting autonomic ganglia
Drugs that act presynaptically
Drugs that enhance cholinergic transmission
Other drugs that enhance cholinergic transmission
14. Noradrenergic transmission
Overview
Catecholamines
Classification of adrenoceptors
Physiology of noradrenergic transmission
noradrenergic neuron
Uptake and degradation of catecholamines
Drugs acting on noradrenergic transmission
Drugs acting on adrenoceptors
Drugs that affect noradrenergic neurons
15. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and the pharmacology of migraine
Overview
5-Hydroxytryptamine
Distribution, biosynthesis and degradation
Pharmacological effects
Drugs acting at 5-HT receptors
Migraine and other clinical conditions in which 5-HT plays a role
Migraine and antimigraine drugs
Carcinoid syndrome
Pulmonary hypertension
16. Purines
Overview
Introduction
Purinergic receptors
Adenosine as a mediator
Adenosine and the cardiovascular system
Adenosine and asthma
Adenosine in the CNS
ADP as a mediator
ADP and platelets
ATP as a mediator
ATP as a neurotransmitter
ATP in nociception
ATP in inflammation
Future prospects
17. Local hormones 1: histamine and the biologically active lipids
Overview
Introduction
What is a 'mediator'?
Histamine
Synthesis and storage of histamine
Histamine release
Histamine receptors
Actions
Eicosanoids
General remarks
Structure and biosynthesis
Prostanoids
Leukotrienes
Leukotrienes receptors
Leukotrienes actions
Lipoxins and resolvins
Platelet-activating factor
Biosynthesis
Actions and role in inflammation
Concluding remarks
18. Local hormones 2: peptides and proteins
Overview
Introduction
General principles of protein and peptide pharmacology
Structure
Types of protein and peptide mediator
Biosynthesis and regulation of peptides
Peptide precursors
Diversity within peptide families
Peptide trafficking and secretion
Bradykinin
Source and formation of bradykinin
Metabolism and inactivation of bradykinin
Bradykinin receptors
Actions and role in inflammation
Neuropeptides
Cytokines
Interleukins and related compounds
Chemokines
Interferons
'cytokine storm'
Proteins and peptides that downregulate inflammation
Concluding remarks
19. Cannabinoids
Overview
Plant-derived cannabinoids and their pharmacological effects
Pharmacological effects
Pharmacokinetic and analytical aspects
Adverse effects
Tolerance and dependence
Cannabinoid receptors
Endocannabinoids
Biosynthesis of endocannabinoids
Termination of the endocannabinoid signal
Physiological mechanisms
Pathological involvement
Synthetic cannabinoids
Clinical applications
20. Nitric oxide and related mediators
Overview
Introduction
Biosynthesis of nitric oxide and its control
Contents note continued: Degradation and carriage of nitric oxide
Effects of nitric oxide
Biochemical and cellular aspects
Vascular effects
Neuronal effects
Host defence
Therapeutic aspects
Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide donors/precursors
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis
Nitric oxide replacement or potentiation
Clinical conditions in which nitric oxide may play a part
Related mediators
21. heart
Overview
Introduction
Physiology of cardiac function
Cardiac rate and rhythm
Cardiac contraction
Myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow
Autonomic control of the heart
Sympathetic system
Parasympathetic system
Cardiac natriuretic peptides
Ischaemic heart disease
Angina
Myocardial infarction
Drugs that affect cardiac function
Antidysrhythmic drugs
Drugs that increase myocardial contraction
Antianginal drugs
22. vascular system
Overview
Introduction
Vascular structure and function
Control of vascular smooth muscle tone
vascular endothelium
renin angiotensin system
Vasoactive drugs
Vasoconstrictor drugs
Vasodilator drugs
Clinical uses of vasoactive drugs
Systemic hypertension
Heart failure
Shock and hypotensive states
Peripheral vascular disease
Raynaud's disease
Pulmonary hypertension
23. Atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism
Overview
Introduction
Atherogenesis
Lipoprotein transport
Dyslipidaemia
Prevention of atheromatous disease
Lipid-lowering drugs
Statins: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Fibrates
Drugs that inhibit cholesterol absorption
Nicotinic acid
Fish oil derivatives
24. Haemostasis and thrombosis
Overview
Introduction
Blood coagulation
Coagulation cascade
Vascular endothelium in haemostasis and thrombosis
Drugs that act on the coagulation cascade
Coagulation defects
Thrombosis
Platelet adhesion and activation
Antiplatelet drugs
Fibrinolysis (thrombolysis)
Fibrinolytic drugs
Antifibrinolytic and haemostatic drugs
25. Haemopoietic system and treatment of anaemia
Overview
Introduction
haemopoietic system
Types of anaemia
Haematinic agents
Iron
Folic acid and vitamin Bit
Haemopoietic growth factors
Erythropoietin
Haemolytic anaemia
Drugs used to treat haemolytic anaemias
26. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs
Overview
Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors
Mechanism of action
Pharmacological actions
Therapeutic actions
Some important NSAIDs and coxibs
Antirheumatoid drugs
Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
Immunosuppressant drugs
Anticytokine drugs and other biopharmaceuticals
Drugs used in gout
Antagonists of histamine
Possible future developments
27. Skin
Overview
Introduction
Structure of skin
Common diseases of the skin
Acne
Rosacea
Baldness and hirsutism
Eczema
Pruritus
Urticaria
Psoriasis
Warts
Other infections
Drugs acting on skin
Formulation
Principal drugs used in skin disorders
Antimicrobial agents
Glucocorticoids and other anti-inflammatory agents
Drugs used to control hair growth
Retinoids
Vitamin D analogues
Agents acting by other mechanisms
Concluding remarks
28. Respiratory system
Overview
physiology of respiration
Control of breathing
Regulation of musculature, blood vessels and glands of the airways
Pulmonary disease and its treatment
Bronchial asthma
Drugs used to treat and prevent asthma
Severe acute asthma (status asthmaticus)
Allergic emergencies
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Surfactants
Cough
29. kidney and urinary system
Overview
Introduction
Outline of renal function
structure and function of the nephron
Tubular function
Acid base balance
Potassium balance
Excretion of organic molecules
Natriuretic peptides
Prostaglandins and renal function
Drugs acting on the kidney
Diuretics
Drugs that alter the pH of the urine
Drugs that alter the excretion of organic molecules
Drugs used in renal failure
Hyperphosphataemia
Hyperkalaemia
Drugs used in urinary tract disorders
30. gastrointestinal tract
Overview
innervation and hormones of the gastrointestinal tract
Neuronal control
Hormonal control
Gastric secretion
regulation of acid secretion by parietal cells
coordination of factors regulating acid secretion
Drugs used to inhibit or neutralise gastric acid secretion
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
Drugs that protect the mucosa
Vomiting
reflex mechanism of vomiting
Antiemetic drugs
motility of the gastrointestinal tract
Purgatives
Drugs that increase gastrointestinal motility
Antidiarrhoeal agents
Drugs for chronic bowel disease
Drugs affecting the biliary system
Future directions
31. control of blood glucose and drug treatment of diabetes mellitus
Overview
Introduction
Control of blood glucose
Pancreatic islet hormones
Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide)
Incretins
Diabetes mellitus
Treatment of diabetes mellitus
Potential new antidiabetic drugs
32. Obesity
Overview
Introduction
Definition of obesity
Obesity as a health problem
Homeostatic mechanisms controlling energy balance
role of gut and other hormones in body weight regulation
Neurological circuits that control body weight and eating behaviour
pathophysiology of human obesity
Food intake and obesity
Physical exercise and obesity
Obesity as a disorder of the homeostatic control of energy balance
Genetic factors and obesity
Pharmacological approaches to the problem of obesity
Centrally acting appetite suppressants
Orlistat
New approaches to obesity therapy
33. pituitary and the adrenal cortex
Overview
pituitary gland
anterior pituitary gland
Hypothalamic hormones
Anterior pituitary hormones
Posterior pituitary gland
adrenal cortex
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
New directions in glucocorticoid therapy
34. thyroid
Overview
Synthesis, storage and secretion of thyroid hormones
Uptake of plasma iodide by the follicle cells
Oxidation of iodide and iodination of tyrosine residues
Secretion of thyroid hormone
Regulation of thyroid function
Actions of the thyroid hormones
Effects on metabolism
Effects on growth and development
Mechanism of action
Transport and metabolism of thyroid hormones
Abnormalities of thyroid function
Hyperthyroidism Ithyrotoxicosisl
Simple, non-toxic goitre
Hypothyroidism
Drugs used in diseases of the thyroid
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
35. reproductive system
Overview
Introduction
Endocrine control of reproduction
Neurohormonal control of the female reproductive system
Neurohormonal control of the male reproductive system
Behavioural effects of sex hormones
Drugs affecting reproductive function
Oestrogens
Antioestrogens
Progestogens
Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy
Androgens
Anabolic steroids
Antiandrogens
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone: agonists and antagonists
Gonadotrophins and analogues
Drugs used for contraception
Oral contraceptives
Other drug regimens used for contraception
uterus
motility of the uterus
Drugs that stimulate the uterus
Drugs that inhibit uterine contraction
Erectile dysfunction
36. Bone metabolism
Overview
Introduction
Bone structure and composition
Bone remodelling
action of cells and cytokines
turnover of bone minerals
Hormones involved in bone metabolism and remodelling
Disorders of bone
Drugs used in bone disorders
Bisphosphonates
Oestrogens and related compounds
Parathyroid hormone and teriparatide
Strontium
Vitamin D preparations
Biologicals
Calcitonin
Calcium salts
Calcimimetic compounds
Potential new therapies
37. Chemical transmission and drug action in the central nervous system
Overview
Introduction
Chemical signalling in the nervous system
Targets for drug action
Drug action in the central nervous system
Blood brain barrier
classification of psychotropic drugs
38. Amino acid transmitters
Overview
Excitatory amino acids
Excitatory amino acids as CNS transmitters
Metabolism and release of excitatory amino acids
Glutamate
Glutamate receptor subtypes
Synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation
Drugs acting on glutamate receptors
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Synthesis, storage and function
GABA receptors: structure and pharmacology
Drugs acting on GABA receptors
Glycine
Concluding remarks
39. Other transmitters and modulators
Overview
Introduction
Noradrenaline
Noradrenergic pathways in the CNS
Functional aspects
Dopamine
Dopaminergic pathways in the CNS
Dopamine receptors
Functional aspects
5-Hydroxytryptamine
5-HT pathways in the CNS
5-HT receptors in the CNS
Functional aspects
Clinically used drugs
Acetylcholine
Cholinergic pathways in the CNS
Acetylcholine receptors
Contents note continued: Functional aspects
Purines
Histamine
Other CNS mediators
Melatonin
Nitric oxide
Lipid mediators
final message
40. Neurodegenerative diseases
Overview
Protein misfolding and aggregation in chronic neurodegenerative diseases
Mechanisms of neuronal death
Excitotoxicity
Apoptosis
Oxidative stress
Ischaemic brain damage
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic approaches
Alzheimer's disease
Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Therapeutic approaches
Parkinson's disease
Features of Parkinson's disease
Pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
Drug treatment of Parkinson's disease
Huntington's disease
Neurodegenerative prion diseases
41. General anaesthetic agents
Overview
Introduction
Mechanism of action of anaesthetic drugs
Lipid solubility
Effects on ion channels
Effects on the nervous system
Effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Intravenous anaesthetic agents
Propofol
Thiopental
Etomidate
Other intravenous agents
Inhalation anaesthetics
Pharmacokinetic aspects
Individual inhalation anaesthetics
Isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane, enflurane and halothane
Nitrous oxide
Balanced anaesthesia
42. Analgesic drugs
Overview
Neural mechanisms of pain
Nociceptive afferent neurons
Modulation in the nociceptive pathway
Neuropathic pain
Chemical signalling in the nociceptive pathway
Analgesic drugs
Opioid drugs
Paracetamol
Treatment of neuropathic pain
Other pain-relieving drugs
New approaches
43. Local anaesthetics and other drugs affecting sodium channels
Overview
Local anaesthetics
Chemical aspects
Mechanism of action
Pharmacokinetic aspects
New approaches
Other drugs that affect sodium channels
Tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin
Agents that affect sodium channel gating
44. Anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs
Overview
nature of anxiety and its treatment
Measurement of anxiolytic activity
Animal models of anxiety
Tests on humans
Drugs used to treat anxiety
Benzodiazepines and related drugs
Buspirone
Other potential anxiolytic drugs
Drugs used to treat insomnia (hypnotic drugs)
45. Antiepileptic drugs
Overview
Introduction
nature of epilepsy
Types of epilepsy
Neural mechanisms and animal models of epilepsy
Antiepileptic drugs
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Valproate
Ethosuximide
Phenobarbital
Benzodiazepines
Newer antiepileptic drugs
Development of new drugs
Other uses of antiepileptic drugs
Antiepileptic drugs and pregnancy
Muscle spasm and muscle relaxants
46. Antipsychotic drugs
Overview
Introduction
nature of schizophrenia
Aetiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia
Antipsychotic drugs
Classification of antipsychotic drugs
Clinical efficacy
Pharmacological properties
Unwanted effects
Pharmacokinetic aspects
Future developments
47. Antidepressant drugs
Overview
nature of depression
Theories of depression
monoamine theory
Neuroendocrine mechanisms
Trophic effects and neuroplasticity
Antidepressant drugs
Types of antidepressant drug
Testing of antidepressant drugs
Mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs
Monoamine uptake inhibitors
Monoamine receptor antagonists
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Melatonin agonist
Miscellaneous agents
Future antidepressant drugs
Brain stimulation therapies
Clinical effectiveness of antidepressant treatments
Other clinical uses of antidepressant drugs
Drug treatment of bipolar disorder
Lithium
Antiepileptic drugs
Atypical antipsychotic drugs
48. NS stimulants and psychotomimetic drugs
Overview
Psychomotor stimulants
Amphetamines
Methylphenidate
Modafinil
Cocaine
Methylxanthines
Cathinones
Other stimulants
Cognition-enhancing drugs
Psychotomimetic drugs
LSD, psilocybin and mescaline
MDMA (ecstasy)
Ketamine and phencyclidine
Other psychotomimetic drugs
49. Drug addiction, dependence and abuse
Overview
Drug use and abuse
Drug administration
Drug harm
Drug dependence
Tolerance
Pharmacological approaches to treating drug addiction
Nicotine and tobacco
Pharmacological effects of smoking
Pharmacokinetic aspects
Tolerance and dependence
Harmful effects of smoking
Pharmacological approaches to treating nicotine dependence
Ethanol
Pharmacological effects of ethanol
Pharmacokinetic aspects
Tolerance and dependence
Pharmacological approaches to treating alcohol dependence
50. Basic principles of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Overview
Background
molecular basis of chemotherapy
Biochemical reactions as potential targets
formed structures of the cell as potential targets
Resistance to antibacterial drugs
Genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance
Biochemical mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics
Current status of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
51. Antibacterial drugs
Overview
Introduction
Antimicrobial agents that interfere with folate synthesis or action
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
β-Lactam antibiotics
Penicillins
Cephalosporins and cephamycins
Other β-lactam antibiotics
Glycopeptides
Antimicrobial agents affecting bacterial protein synthesis
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Antimicrobial agents affecting topoisomerase
Quinolones
Miscellaneous and less common antibacterial agents
Antimycobacterial agents
Drugs used to treat tuberculosis
Drugs used to treat leprosy
Possible new antibacterial drugs
52. Antiviral drugs
Overview
Background information about viruses
outline of virus structure
Examples of pathogenic viruses
Virus function and life history
host virus interaction
Host defences against viruses
Viral ploys to circumvent host defences
HIV and AIDS
Antiviral drugs
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
DNA polymerase inhibitors
Neuraminidase inhibitors and inhibitors of viral coat disassembly
Drugs acting through other mechanisms
Biopharmaceutical antiviral drugs
Other agents
Combination therapy for HIV
Prospects for new antiviral drugs
53. Antifungal drugs
Overview
Fungi and fungal infections
Drugs used to treat fungal infections
Antifungal antibiotics
Synthetic antifungal drugs
Future developments
54. Antiprotozoal drugs
Overview
Host parasite interactions
Malaria and antimalarial drugs
life cycle of the malaria parasite
Antimalarial drugs
Potential new antimalarial drugs
Amoebiasis and amoebicidal drugs
Trypanosomiasis and trypanocidal drugs
Other protozoal infections and drugs used to treat them
Leishmaniasis
Trichomoniasis
Giardiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Pneumocystis
Future developments
55. Anthelmintic drugs
Overview
Helminth infections
Anthelmintic drugs
Resistance to anthelmintic drugs
Vaccines and other novel approaches
56. Anticancer drugs
Overview
Introduction
pathogenesis of cancer
genesis of a cancer cell
special characteristics of cancer cells
General principles of cytotoxic anticancer drugs
Anticancer drugs
Alkylating agents and related compounds
Antimetabolites
Cytotoxic antibiotics
Plant derivatives
Hormones
Hormone antagonists
Monoclonal antibodies
Protein kinase inhibitors
Miscellaneous agents
Resistance to anticancer drugs
Combination therapies
Control of emesis and myelosuppression
Future developments
57. Harmful effects of drugs
Overview
Introduction
Classification of adverse drug reactions
Adverse effects related to the known pharmacological action of the drug
Adverse effects unrelated to the known pharmacological action of the drug
Drug toxicity
Toxicity testing
General mechanisms of toxin-induced cell damage and cell death
Mutagenesis and assessment of genotoxic potential
Immunological reactions to drugs
Immunological mechanisms
Clinical types of allergic response to drugs
58. Lifestyle drugs and drugs in sport
Overview
What are lifestyle drugs?
Classification of lifestyle drugs
Drugs in sport
Anabolic steroids
Human growth hormone
Stimulant drugs
Conclusion
59. Biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy
Overview
Introduction
Biopharmaceuticals
Proteins and polypeptides
Monoclonal antibodies
Gene therapy
Gene delivery
Controlling gene expression
Safety and societal issues
Therapeutic applications
Gene therapy for cancer
Single-gene defects
Gene therapy and infectious disease
Gene therapy and cardiovascular disease
Oligonucleotideapproaches
60. Drug discovery and development
Overview
stages of a project
drug discovery phase
Preclinical development
Clinical development
Biopharmaceuticals
Commercial aspects
Future prospects
final word.