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Principles of gender-specific medicine : gender in the genomic era / edited by Marianne J. Legato.
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Title:Principles of gender-specific medicine : gender in the genomic era / edited by Marianne J. Legato.
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Other Contributors/Collections:Legato, Marianne J., 1935- editor.
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Published/Created:London ; San Diego, CA : Elsevier/Academic Press, [2017]
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Holdings
Holdings Record Display
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Location:BMB LIBRARY (VGH) stacksWhere is this?
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Call Number: QZ53 .P7545 2017
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Number of Items:1
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Status:Available
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Location:WOODWARD LIBRARY stacksWhere is this?
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Call Number: QZ53 .P7545 2017
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Number of Items:1
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Status:Available
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Location:BMB LIBRARY (VGH) stacksWhere is this?
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Library of Congress Subjects: Health--Sex differences.
Women--Health and hygiene.
Men--Health and hygiene.
Medical care--Sex differences.
Medicine--Research--Sex differences.
Sex factors in disease.
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Medical Subjects:Sex Factors.
Disease Susceptibility.
Sex Characteristics.
Women's Health.
Men's Health.
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Edition:Third edition.
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Description:xxii, 770 pages : illustrations ; 29 cm
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Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
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ISBN:9780128035061
0128035064
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Contents:1. Normal and Variant Sex Development / Olaf Hiort
1.1. Physiology of Biological Sex Development
1.2. Pathophysiology
1.3. Diagnostic Procedures
1.4. Management of DSD
1.5. Therapy
1.6. Conclusion and Outlook
References
2. Gender Diagnoses / Jack Drescher
2.1. Early History
2.2. History of Gender Diagnoses in DSM and ICD
2.3. Controversies Surrounding Gender Diagnoses
2.4. Conclusion
References
3. Gender Identity in Disorders of Sex Development / Jennifer H. Yang
3.1. Introduction
3.2. History of Disorders of Sex Development
3.3. Psychosexual Development
3.4. Disorders of Sex Development
3.5. Future Directions
3.6. Conclusions
References
4. Female Sexual Function: The Role of Animal Models in Assessing Female Sexual Dysfunction / Ursula Wesselmann
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Behavioral Models of Sexual Desire and Motivation
4.3. Animal Models of Sexual Arousal
4.4. Receptive Behavior: Lordosis
4.5. Animal Models of Orgasm
4.6. Models of Pain Associated with Potential Sexual Dysfunction
4.7. Endometriosis
4.8. Future Directions
Acknowledgments
References
5. Fertility Treatment and Preservation in Transgender Men and Women / Dov Feldberg
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Definition of Transgender People
5.3. Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People
5.4. Epidemiology of Gender Identity Disorder
5.5. Reproductive Options for Trans People
5.6. The Ethical/Legal Status of Medically-Assisted Reproduction in Transsexual People
5.7. ART Treatment for Transgender Men and Women
5.8. Reproductive Wish in Transgender Men
5.9. Fertility and Achievement of Pregnancy in Transgender Men
5.10. Reproductive Wish in Transgender Women
5.11. Fertility and Achievement of Pregnancy in Transgender Women
5.12. Conclusion
References
6. Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People: An Introduction / Eli Coleman
6.1. Introduction to the SOC
6.2. Basic Principles
6.3. The Issue of Medical Necessity
6.4. Clinical Effectiveness
6.5. The Standards of Care are Flexible
6.6. Beyond the Binary
6.7. Competency for Adult Assessment
6.8. Competency for Childhood and Adolescent Assessment
6.9. Surgical Competency
6.10. Criteria or Hormone and Surgery
6.11. Therapy before Surgery
6.12. Surgery Criteria for Adolescents
6.13. A Note About Social Transitions for Children and Adolescents
6.14. Risks of Withholding or Delaying Medical Treatment
6.15. Important Role of Advocacy
6.16. Conclusion
References
7. Sex-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms in External Genitalia Development / Liang Ma
7.1. Overview
7.2. The Androgen-Independent Phase of Genital Tubercle Development
7.3. Hormone-Dependent Sexual Differentiation
References
8. The Transsexual Adult / Adrian Dobs
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Terminology
8.3. Epidemiology
8.4. Pathophysiology
8.5. Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
8.6. Treatment
8.7. Conclusion
8.8. Future Research
References
9. Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals in Health Care: Strategies to Include Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Health Professions Education / Alexandra Muller
9.1. Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Health
9.2. Health Care Needs of Sexual Minority Patients
9.3. Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression, and Health Professions Education
9.4. Conclusion
References
10. Sex Influences Exist at All Levels of Human Brain Function / Larry Cahill
10.1. Introduction
10.2. How Did Neuroscience Get to be Like This?
10.3. Where are Sex Influences on the Brain? Everywhere
10.4. Animal Research
10.5. Human Brain Structure/Function
10.6. A Counterreaction
10.7. Emotional Memory
10.8. Conclusions and Future Directions
References
11. Sex Differences in the Brain: Focus on Developmental Mechanisms / Margaret M. Mccarthy
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Historical Perspective and Current Status
11.3. Conceptualizing Sex Differences
11.4. Steroid Hormones Program the Developing Brain
11.5. Mechanisms of Steroid-Induced Masculinization
11.6. Elucidating Mechanisms of Normal Brain Development in Males and Females Provides Clues to Sources of Vulnerability and Resilience
References
12. Sexual Dimorphisms in the Nervous System of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans / Oliver Hobert
12.1. Introduction
12.2. C. elegans as a Model System for Neurodevelopment
12.3. Sex Differences in the Nervous System
12.4. Sex Determination in C. elegans
12.5. Mechanisms of Generating Dimorphic Circuits That Control Dimorphic Behaviors
12.6. Dynamic Control of Neurotransmitter Identity in the Male-Specific Nervous System
12.7. Other Molecular Differences in Sex-Shared Neurons
12.8. Conclusions
References
13. Oxytocin and Brain Plasticity / Ioana Carcea
13.1. Oxytocin: A Historical Perspective
13.2. Anatomical Organization of the Oxytocin System
13.3. Physiological Effects of Oxytocin in the Periphery
13.4. Physiological Effects of Oxytocin in the Central Nervous System
13.5. Oxytocin and Potential Therapeutic Treatment
Acknowledgments
References
14. Emotion and Gender-Specific Neural Processing in Men and Women / Nicholas B. Allen
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Emotion Perception
14.3. Emotion Reactivity
14.4. Emotion Regulation
14.5. Emotion Experience
14.6. Summary
14.7. Theoretical Implications
14.8. Limitations of Existing Studies and Future Directions
14.9. Conclusions
References
15. Behind the Mask: The Experience of Assessment, Diagnosis, and Living with Autism for Girls and Young Women / Jan Burns
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Autism Spectrum Disorders: Definition and Classification
15.3. ASC Theories and Gender
15.4. Gender, Assessment, and Autism
15.5. Gender Differences in ASC
15.6. Coping and the Costs of Coping
15.7. Managing ASC
15.8. Clinical Implications
15.9. Research Implications
15.10. Conclusions
References
16. The Significance of Gender in Perinatal Medicine / Eyal Sheiner
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Intrauterine Life and the Immediate Postpartum Period
16.3. The Placenta
16.4. Lifelong Impact of the Intrauterine Environment
16.5. Summary of Differences and Clinical Implications
16.6. Limitations of Research and Future Directions
References
17. Intrauterine Development of Sex Differences
Fetal Programming / Marek Glezerman
17.1. Hormonal, Genetic, and Environmental Aspects of Fetal Sex Determination
17.2. The Effects of Fetal Testosterone on the Growing Fetus
17.3. "Female" Brain and "Male" Brain
17.4. Fetal Origin of Adult Disease
17.5. Prenatal Maternal Stress and the Developing Embryo and Fetus
17.6. The Pregnant Women as a Mediator to the Outside World
References
18. Battle of the Sexes: How the Selection of Spermatozoa in the Female Reproductive Tract Manipulates the Sex Ratio of Offspring / Alireza Fazeli
18.1. Introduction: The Adaptive Control of Offspring Gender
18.2. Evidence That Parents are Able to Influence the Sex Ratio of Offspring
18.3. Potential Molecular Mechanisms That Mothers may Employ to Differentiate Between Spermatozoa
18.4. Concluding Remarks
References
19. All Cells Have a Sex: Studies of Sex Chromosome Function at the Cellular Level / Neil A. Bradbury
19.1. Introduction
19.2. Cell Physiology at the Center of Biomedical Science
19.3. Hormone-Independent Effects of Sex Chromosomes and the Sexome
19.4. The Sex Chromosomes
19.5. X-Rated MicroRNAs
19.6. Zinc Finger Proteins
19.7. Sex at the Heart of Protein Synthesis
19.8. Sex and the Cytochromes
19.9. Sex and the Brain
19.10. Y Some Male Cells Are Not!
19.11. Conclusion
References
20. Sex-Specific Implications of Exposure to An Adverse Intrauterine Environment / Catherine E.M. Aiken
20.1. Introduction
20.2. Sex-Specific Differences in Normal Intrauterine Development
20.3. Defining a Sex-Specific Response in Developmental Programming
Methodological Analysis
20.4. Sex-Specific Implications of Adverse Environmental Stimuli in Human Early Development
20.5. Sex-Specific Implications of Adverse Environmental Stimuli in Animal Models
20.6. Developmental Programming of the Reproductive Tract: A Special Case
20.7. Sex-Specific Transgenerational Developmental Programming
20.8. Conclusions
References
21. Immune Response
The Impact of Biological Sex and Gender / Sabine Oertelt-Prigione
21.1. Introduction
21.2. Sex and Genetics in the Immune Response
21.3. Sex and Hormones in the Immune Response
21.4. Gender in the Immune Response
21.5. Health Care Access
21.6. Relevance for Clinical Practice
References
22. Geoepidemiology and the Impact of Sex on Autoimmune Diseases / Ana Lleo
Abbreviations
22.1. Introduction
22.2. Geoepidemiology of Autoimmune Diseases
22.3. Sex Prevalence
22.4. The Influence of Gender
22.5. Sex Prevalence in Autoimmune Diseases: Is There a Prognostic Role for Sex?
22.6. Concluding Remarks and Future Directions References
23. Gender and Gene Regulation in Human Immunity / Howard Chang
23.1. Introduction
23.2. Gender and Immunity
23.3. What Is Known About Gender and Gene Regulation
23.4. Differential Differences in Gene Regulation in Immunity and Immune Disease
23.5. Summary
References
24. Sex and Gender Specific Aspects
From Cells to Cardiovascular Disease / Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
24.1. Introduction
24.2. Contribution of Sex Chromosomes
24.3. Contribution of Sex Hormones and Their Receptors
24.4. Epigenetic Modifications
24.5. Differentiation of Chromosomal and Sex Hormone Effects
24.6. Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Cell Functions
24.7. Sex Differences in Clinical Syndromes
24.8. Conclusions and Future Directions of Research
Acknowledgment
References
25. Estrogen: Impact on Cardiomyocytes and the Heart / Jin Kyung Kim
25.1. Introduction
25.2. Estrogen on the Heart: Clinical Considerations
25.3. Estrogen on Cardiomyocytes: Scientific Data
25.4. Conclusion
Funding Sources
Disclosures
References
26. The Sexually Dimorphic Characteristics of the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation / Elaine Wan
26.1. Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation
26.2. Electrophysiology of AF
26.3. Cellular Electrophysiology and Ionic Basis for Sex Differences
26.4. Sex-Based Differences in Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes in Women with AF
26.5. Drug Therapy for AF
26.6. Catheter Ablation for AF
26.7. Conclusions
References
27. Gender Differences in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Current Knowledge and Deficits / Shambhu Aryal
Abbreviations
27.1. Introduction
27.2. Gender Differences in the Prevalence of COPD
27.3. Gender Differences in the Etiological Risk Factors of COPD
27.4. Gender Differences in Genetic Susceptibility
27.5. Gender Differences Clinical Presentation
27.6. Gender Differences in Diagnosis and Health Care Delivery
27.7. Gender Differences in Treatment
27.8. Gender Differences in Morbidity and Mortality
27.9. Gender Differences in Comorbidities of COPD
27.10. Conclusion
References
28. Cancer: Gender Differences at the Molecular Level / Mehmet Tevfik Dorak
28.1. Introduction
28.2. Differences Between Males and Females that may Underlie Differences in Cancer Susceptibility
28.3. Molecular Mechanisms of Increased Male-Specific Susceptibility in Liver and Kidney Cancers
References
29. An Updated Overview of the Gender-Specific Response to Infection / Erin E. Mcclelland
29.1. Introduction
29.2. Differences in Immune Function
29.3. Bacteria
29.4. Fungi
29.5. Parasites
29.6. Viruses
29.7. Prions
29.8. Summary
References
30. Gender-Based Differences in Mortality in Indian Children Aged 5 to 14 years / Shaun K. Morris
30.1. Introduction
30.2. By the Numbers
30.3. Previous Research
30.4. Future Directions
References
31. Consideration of Biological Sex in Translating Regenerative Stem Cell Therapies / Dan Gazit
31.1. Introduction
31.2. Embryonic Stem Cells
31.3. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
31.4. Mesenchymal Stem Cells
31.5. Hematopoietic Stem Cells
31.6. Muscle-Derived Stem Cells
31.7. Endothelial Progenitor Cells
31.8. Neural Stem Cells
31.9. Current Challenges and Future Prospects
References
32. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine / Hiko Hyakusoku
32.1. Introduction
Approaches of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Cell-based Therapeutics
32.2. Localization and Isolation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells From Adipose Tissue
32.3. Cellular Characterization and Soluble Factors
32.4. The Proliferation Capacity of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
32.5. Differentiation Capacity of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
32.6. In vivo Tissue/Organ Regeneration by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
32.7. Ongoing Clinical Trials and Future Direction of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine
32.8. Conclusions
References
33. Sex, Gender, and Pain / Roger B. Fillingim
33.1. Introduction
33.2. Conceptual Issues
33.3. Sex Differences in Clinical Pain
33.4. Sex Differences in Experimental Pain Responses
33.5. Mechanisms Contributing to Sex Differences in Pain
33.6. Sex Differences in Pain Treatment
33.7. Conclusions and Future Directions
References
34. Sex and Gender Differences in Trauma Victims Presenting for Treatment / Dorte M. Christiansen
34.1. Introduction
34.2. Psychological Trauma in a Medical Setting
34.3. Gender Differences in Trauma Exposure
34.4. Gender Differences in the Acute Response to Trauma
34.5. Gender Differences in Trauma-Related Symptoms and Disorders
34.6. Gender Differences in Treatment of Trauma-Related Disorders
34.7. Discussion
34.8. Conclusion
References
35. Women Do Worse Than Men
Gender-Specific Differences in Burn Patients / Reinhard Pauzenberger
35.1. Introduction
35.2. Classification of Burn Injuries
35.3. Scoring Systems in Burns
35.4. Epidemiology of Burn Injuries
35.5. Causes for Gender-Specific Differences in Burn Mortality
35.6. Alternative Reasons for Gender Dimorphism in Burns
35.7. Conclusion
35.8. Suggestions for Further Research
References
36. Exercise Physiology in Men and Women / Bente Kiens
36.1. Introduction
36.2. Body Composition
36.3. Cardiovascular Differences and Maximal Oxygen Uptake
36.4. Muscle Fiber Type Composition
36.5. Anaerobic and Aerobic Exercise
36.6. Substrate Metabolism During Exercise
36.7. ATP Resynthesizes in Skeletal Muscle
36.8. Estrogen and its Impact on Metabolism
36.9. Gender Differences in Metabolism During Recovery From Exercise
36.10. Nutritional Implications in Relation to Exercise
36.11. Concluding Highlights
References
37. Musculoskeletal Complaints in Male and Female Instrumental Musicians / Rob G.H.H. Nelissen
37.1. A Historical Perspective of Musculoskeletal Complaints in Musicians
37.2. Musculoskeletal Complaints in the General Population
37.3. Musculoskeletal Complaints in Musicians
37.4. Gender Differences
37.5. Other Determinants of Musculoskeletal Complaints in Musicians
37.6. Prevention
37.7. Therapeutic Management
A Practical Approach
37.8. Conclusion
References
38. Nutritional Genomics and Biological Sex / Jose M. Ordovas
38.1. Introduction
38.2. Interindividual Differences in Response to Diet and Nutritional Genomics
38.3. Genes and Biological Sex
38.4. Epigenetics and Sex
38.5. Conclusions, Questions, and Challenges
References
39. Microbiome: Impact of Gender on Function & Characteristics of Gut Microbiome / Veena Taneja
39.1. Introduction
39.2. Host Microbiome and Immune System
39.3. Sex-Bias in Immune System
39.4. Microbiome and Sex-Bias
39.5. Sex Hormones and Microbiome
39.6. Microbiome in Sex-Biased Autoimmunity
39.7. Diet, Sex, and Microbiome
Acknowledgments
References
40. Sex and Gender Differences in Sleep Disorders: An Overview / Hrayr Attarian
40.1. Introduction
40.2. Insomnia
40.3. Sleep Disordered Breathing
40.4. Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
40.5. Restless Legs Syndrome or Willis-Ekbom Disorder
40.6. Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
40.7. Parasomnias
40.8. Conclusions
References
41. Gender Differences in Bladder and Kidney Cancers / Shahrokh F. Shariat
41.1. Gender Differences in Bladder Cancer
41.2. Gender Differences in Kidney Cancer
References
42. The Complex Challenge of Blood Pressure Regulation: Influences of Sex and Aging on Sympathetic Mechanisms / Nisha Charkoudian
42.1. Summary
42.2. Introduction
42.3. Measuring SNA in Humans
42.4. The Sympathetic Regulation of BP: Short- and Long-Term BP Control
42.5. SNA and the Level of BP in Young Men and Women
42.6. The Impact of Aging and the Menopause on BP Control
42.7. Sex Differences and the Reproductive Hormones in the Pathophysiology of Essential Hypertension
42.8. Overall Summary and Conclusions
Disclaimer
References
43. Gender at the Interface of Renal Aging: Physiological and Pathological Perspectives / Anna Pisano
43.1. Introduction
43.2. Genetic Basis of Renal Aging
43.3. Biological Aspects of Renal Aging
43.4. Structural and Functional Changes of the Aging Kidney and Impact of Gender
43.5. Future Directions for Delaying Renal Senescence
43.6. Conclusions
References
44. Gender Differences in Mobility of Elderly: Measurements and Interventions to Improve Mobility / Aleksandar Milenkovic
44.1. Introduction
44.2. Automated Assessment of Mobility
44.3. Assessment of Effectiveness of Balance for Life Intervention Program on Mobility
44.4. Discussion
44.5. Conclusion
References
45. Personalized Medicine in Space Flight, Part I: Standard Clinical Approaches / Marsh Cuttino
45.1. Introduction
45.2. Sex-Specific Variation of Humans in Space
45.3. Contextual Aspects of Commercial Space Flight
45.4. Standard Clinical Approaches to Space Flight Medical Assessment
45.5. Final Considerations
References
Further Reading 46. Personalized Medicine in Space Flight, Part II: Personalized Precision Medicine Approaches / Marsh Cuttino
46.1. Introduction
46.2. Personalized Approaches to Space Flight Medical Assessment and Countermeasures
46.3. Nonessential Inputs, Molecular Networks, and the Clinical Phenotype
46.4. Final Considerations
Acknowledgments
References
Further Reading
47. Robots and Gender / Tatsuya Nomura
47.1. Introduction
47.2. Robot Gender
47.3. Human Gender
47.4. Interaction Effects
47.5. Future Directions of Gender Issues in HRI
47.6. Summary
Acknowledgments
References
48. Cyborgs: Understanding and Mutual Treatment / Kevin Warwick
48.1. Introduction
48.2. Intelligent Machines
48.3. BrainGate Experiments
48.4. Growing Brains
48.5. Biohacking
48.6. Deep Brain Stimulation
48.7. Conclusions
References
49. Precision Medicine and Challenges in Research and Clinical Implementation / Susanne B. Haga
49.1. Introduction
49.2. Major Research Areas in Genome Sciences and Genomic Medicine
49.3. Research and Clinical Implementation Issues
49.4. Legal Issues
49.5. Clinical Implementation Issues
49.6. Conclusion
References
50. Gender-Specific Medicine in Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery and Development / Ibis Sanchez-Serrano
50.1. Gender Medicine and Biological Sex Differences
50.2. The Pharmaceutical Industry Business Model
50.3. The Pharmaceutical Industry & Gender Medicine
50.4. Obstacles for the Development of Gender-Specific Drugs
50.5. Conclusion: Gender Medicine, Pharmaceuticals, and Global Health Care
References.