Holdings Information

Bibliographic Record Display

• Title:Lewin's genes XII / Jocelyn E. Krebs, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Elliott S. Goldstein, Arizona State University, Stephen T. Kilpatrick, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown.
  
•    
• Variant Title:Genes XII
  Lewin's genes 12
  Lewin's genes twelve
  
• Author/Creator:Krebs, Jocelyn E., author.
  
• Other Contributors/Collections:Goldstein, Elliott S., author.
  Kilpatrick, Stephen T., author.
  
• Published/Created:Burlington, MA : Jones & Bartlett Learning, [2018]
  ©2018
  

• Holdings

  Holdings Record Display

  • Location:WOODWARD LIBRARY stacksWhere is this?
    
  • Call Number: QU500 .K92L 2018
    
  • Number of Items:1
    
  • Status:c.1 On loan - Due on 06-12-2024
    

   
• Library of Congress Subjects:Genetics.
  Genes.
  
• Medical Subjects: Genetic Phenomena.
  
• Description:xxv, 837 pages : illustrations (chiefly color) ; 29 cm
  
• Summary:Long considered the quintessential molecular biology textbook, for decades Lewin's Genes has provided the most modern presentation to this transformative and dynamic science. Now in its twelfth edition, this classic text continues to lead with new information and cutting-edge developments, covering gene structure, sequencing, organization, and expression. Leading scientists provide revisions and updates in their respective areas of study offering readers current research and relevant information on the rapidly changing subjects in molecular biology. No other text offers a broader understanding of this exciting and vital science or does so with higher quality art and illustrations. Lewin's Genes XII continues to be the clear choice for molecular biology and genetics.
  
• Notes:Includes index.
  Includes bibliographical references and index.
  
• ISBN:9781284104493
  1284104494
  
• Contents:Machine generated contents note: pt. I Genes and Chromosomes
  ch. 1 Genes Are DNA and Encode RNAs and Polypeptides / Esther Siegfried
  1.1. Introduction
  1.2. DNA Is the Genetic Material of Bacteria and Viruses
  1.3. DNA Is the Genetic Material of Eukaryotic Cells
  1.4. Polynucleotide Chains Have Nitrogenous Bases Linked to a Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
  1.5. Supercoiling Affects the Structure of DNA
  1.6. DNA Is a Double Helix
  1.7. DNA Replication Is Semiconservative
  1.8. Polymerases Act on Separated DNA Strands at the Replication Fork
  1.9. Genetic Information Can Be Provided by DNA or RNA
  1.10. Nucleic Acids Hybridize by Base Pairing
  1.11. Mutations Change the Sequence of DNA
  1.12. Mutations Can Affect Single Base Pairs or Longer Sequences
  1.13. Effects of Mutations Can Be Reversed
  1.14. Mutations Are Concentrated at Hotspots
  1.15. Many Hotspots Result from Modified Bases
  1.16. Some Hereditary Agents Are Extremely Small
  1.17. Most Genes Encode Polypeptides
  1.18. Mutations in the Same Gene Cannot Complement
  1.19. Mutations May Cause Loss of Function or Gain of Function
  1.20. Locus Can Have Many Different Mutant Alleles
  1.21. Locus Can Have More Than One Wild-Type Allele
  1.22. Recombination Occurs by Physical Exchange of DNA
  1.23. Genetic Code Is Triplet
  1.24. Every Coding Sequence Has Three Possible Reading Frames
  1.25. Bacterial Genes Are Colinear with Their Products
  1.26. Several Processes Are Required to Express the Product of a Gene
  1.27. Proteins Are trans-Acting but Sites on DNA Are c/'s-Acting
  ch. 2 Methods in Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering
  2.1. Introduction
  2.2. Nucleases
  2.3. Cloning
  2.4. Cloning Vectors Can Be Specialized for Different Purposes
  2.5. Nucleic Acid Detection
  2.6. DNA Separation Techniques
  2.7. DNA Sequencing
  2.8. PCR and RT-PCR
  2.9. Blotting Methods
  2.10. DNA Microarrays
  2.11. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
  2.12. Gene Knockouts, Transgenics, and Genome Editing
  ch. 3 Interrupted Gene
  3.1. Introduction
  3.2. Interrupted Gene Has Exons and Introns
  3.3. Exon and Intron Base Compositions Differ
  3.4. Organization of Interrupted Genes Can Be Conserved
  3.5. Exon Sequences Under Negative Selection Are Conserved but Introns Vary
  3.6. Exon Sequences Under Positive Selection Vary but Introns Are Conserved
  3.7. Genes Show a Wide Distribution of Sizes Due Primarily to Intron Size and Number Variation
  3.8. Some DNA Sequences Encode More Than One Polypeptide
  3.9. Some Exons Correspond to Protein Functional Domains
  3.10. Members of a Gene Family Have a Common Organization
  3.11. There Are Many Forms of Information in DNA
  3.12. Content of the Genome
  4.1. Introduction
  4.2. Genome Mapping Reveals That Individual Genomes Show Extensive Variation
  4.3. SNPs Can Be Associated with Genetic Disorders
  4.4. Eukaryotic Genomes Contain Nonrepetitive and Repetitive DNA Sequences
  4.5. Eukaryotic Protein-Coding Genes Can Be Identified by the Conservation of Exons and of Genome Organization
  4.6. Some Eukaryotic Organelles Have DNA
  4.7. Organelle Genomes Are Circular DNAs That Encode Organelle Proteins
  4.8. Chloroplast Genome Encodes Many Proteins and RNAs
  4.9. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Evolved by Endosymbiosis
  ch. 5 Genome Sequences and Evolution
  5.1. Introduction
  5.2. Prokaryotic Gene Numbers Range Over an Order of Magnitude
  5.3. Total Gene Number Is Known for Several Eukaryotes
  5.4. How Many Different Types of Genes Are There?
  5.5. Human Genome Has Fewer Genes Than Originally Expected
  5.6. How Are Genes and Other Sequences Distributed in the Genome?
  5.7. Y Chromosome Has Several Male-Specific Genes
  5.8. How Many Genes Are Essential?
  5.9. About 10,000 Genes Are Expressed at Widely Differing Levels in a Eukaryotic Cell
  5.10. Expressed Gene Number Can Be Measured En Masse
  5.11. DNA Sequences Evolve by Mutation and a Sorting Mechanism
  5.12. Selection Can Be Detected by Measuring Sequence Variation
  5.13. Constant Rate of Sequence Divergence Is a Molecular Clock
  5.14. Rate of Neutral Substitution Can Be Measured from Divergence of Repeated Sequences
  5.15. How Did Interrupted Genes Evolve?
  5.16. Why Are Some Genomes So Large?
  5.17. Morphological Complexity Evolves by Adding New Gene Functions
  5.18. Gene Duplication Contributes to Genome Evolution
  5.19. Globin Clusters Arise by Duplication and Divergence
  8.20. Pseudogenes Have Lost Their Original Functions
  5.21. Genome Duplication Has Played a Role in Plant and Vertebrate Evolution
  5.22. What is the Role of Transposable Elements in Genome Evolution
  5.23. There Can Be Biases in Mutation, Gene Conversion, and Codon Usage
  ch. 6 Clusters and Repeats
  6.1. Introduction
  6.2. Unequal Crossing-Over Rearranges Gene Clusters
  6.3. Genes for rRNA Form Tandem Repeats Including an Invariant Transcription Unit
  6.4. Crossover Fixation Could Maintain Identical Repeats
  6.5. Satellite DNAs Often Lie in Heterochromatin
  6.6. Arthropod Satellites Have Very Short Identical Repeats
  6.7. Mammalian Satellites Consist of Hierarchical Repeats
  6.8. Minisatellites Are Useful for DNA Profiling
  6.9. Chromosomes / Hank W. Bass
  7.1. Introduction
  7.2. Viral Genomes Are Packaged into Their Coats
  7.3. Bacterial Genome Is a Nucleoid with Dynamic Structural Properties
  7.4. Bacterial Genome Is Supercoiled and Has Four Macrodomains
  7.5. Eukaryotic DNA Has Loops and Domains Attached to a Scaffold
  7.6. Specific Sequences Attach DNA to an Interphase Matrix
  7.7. Chromatin Is Divided into Euchromatin and Heterochromatin
  7.8. Chromosomes Have Banding Patterns
  7.9. Lampbrush Chromosomes Are Extended
  7.10. Polytene Chromosomes Form Bands
  7.11. Polytene Chromosomes Expand at Sites of Gene Expression
  7.12. Eukaryotic Chromosome Is a Segregation Device
  7.13. Regional Centromeres Contain a Centromeric Histone H3 Variant and Repetitive DNA
  7.14. Point Centromeres in S, cerevisiae Contain Short, Essential DNA Sequences
  7.15. S. cerevisiae Centromere Binds a Protein Complex
  7.16. Telomeres Have Simple Repeating Sequences
  7.17. Telomeres Seal the Chromosome Ends and Function in Meiotic Chromosome Pairing
  7.18. Telomeres Are Synthesized by a Ribonucleoprotein Enzyme
  7.19. Telomeres Are Essential for Survival
  ch. 8 Chromatin / Craig Peterson
  8.1. Introduction
  8.2. DNA Is Organized in Arrays of Nucleosomes
  8.3. Nucleosome Is the Subunit of All Chromatin
  8.4. Nucleosomes Are Covalently Modified
  8.5. Histone Variants Produce Alternative Nucleosomes
  8.6. DNA Structure Varies on the Nucleosomal Surface
  8.7. Path of Nucleosomes in the Chromatin Fiber
  8.8. Replication of Chromatin Requires Assembly of Nucleosomes
  8.9. Do Nucleosomes Lie at Specific Positions?
  8.10. Nucleosomes Are Displaced and Reassembled During Transcription
  8.11. DNase Sensitivity Detects Changes in Chromatin Structure
  8.12. LCR Can Control a Domain
  8.13. Insulators Define Transcriptionally Independent Domains
  pt. II DNA Replication and Recombination
  ch. 9 Replication Is Connected to the Cell Cycle / Barbara Funnell
  9.1. Introduction
  9.2. Bacterial Replication Is Connected to the Cell Cycle
  9.3. Shape and Spatial Organization of a Bacterium Are Important During Chromosome Segregation and Cell Division
  9.4. Mutations in Division or Segregation Affect Cell Shape
  9.5. FtsZ Is Necessary for Septum Formation
  9.6. Min and noc/slm Genes Regulate the Location of the Septum
  9.7. Partition Involves Separation of the Chromosomes
  9.8. Chromosomal Segregation Might Require Site-Specific Recombination
  9.9. Eukaryotic Growth Factor Signal Transduction Pathway Promotes Entry to S Phase
  9.10. Checkpoint Control for Entry into S Phase: p53, a Guardian of the Checkpoint
  9.11. Checkpoint Control for Entry into S Phase: Rb, a Guardian of the Checkpoint
  ch. 10 Replicon: Initiation of Replication
  10.1. Introduction
  10.2. Origin Usually Initiates Bidirectional Replication
  10.3. Bacterial Genome Is (Usually) a Single Circular Replicon
  10.4. Methylation of the Bacterial Origin Regulates Initiation
  10.5. Initiation: Creating the Replication Forks at the Origin oriC
  10.6. Multiple Mechanisms Exist to Prevent Premature Reinitiation of Replication
  10.7. Archaeal Chromosomes Can Contain Multiple Replicons
  10.8. Each Eukaryotic Chromosome Contains Many Replicons
  10.9. Replication Origins Can Be Isolated in Yeast
  10.10. Licensing Factor Controls Eukaryotic Rereplication
  10.11. Licensing Factor Binds to ORC
  ch. 11 DNA Replication
  11.1. Introduction
  11.2. DNA Polymerases Are the Enzymes That Make DNA
  11.3. DNA Polymerases Have Various Nuclease Activities
  11.4. DNA Polymerases Control the Fidelity of Replication
  11.5. DNA Polymerases Have a Common Structure
  11.6. Two New DNA Strands Have Different Modes of Synthesis
  11.7. Replication Requires a Helicase and a Single-Stranded Binding Protein
  11.8. Priming Is Required to Start DNA Synthesis
  11.9. Coordinating Synthesis of the Lagging and Leading Strands
  11.10. DNA Polymerase Holoenzyme Consists of Subcomplexes
  11.11. Clamp Controls Association of Core Enzyme with DNA
  11.12. Okazaki Fragments Are Linked by Ligase
  Contents note continued: 11.13. Separate Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases Undertake Initiation and Elongation
  11.14. Lesion Bypass Requires Polymerase Replacement
  11.15. Termination of Replication
  ch. 12 Extrachromosomal Replicons
  12.1. Introduction
  12.2. Ends of Linear DNA Are a Problem for Replication
  12.3. Terminal Proteins Enable Initiation at the Ends of Viral DNAs
  12.4. Rolling Circles Produce Multimers of a Replicon
  12.5. Rolling Circles Are Used to Replicate Phage Genomes
  12.6. F Plasmid Is Transferred by Conjugation Between Bacteria
  12.7. Conjugation Transfers Single-Stranded DNA
  12.8. Single-Copy Plasmids Have a Partitioning System
  12.9. Plasmid Incompatibility Is Determined by the Replicon
  12.10. ColE1 Compatibility System Is Controlled by an RNA Regulator
  12.11. How Do Mitochondria Replicate and Segregate?
  12.12. D Loops Maintain Mitochondrial Origins
  12.13. Bacterial Ti Plasmid Causes Crown Gall Disease in Plants
  12.14. T-DNA Carries Genes Required for Infection
  12.15. Transfer of T-DNA Resembles Bacterial Conjugation
  ch. 13 Homologous and Site-Specific Recombination / Samantha Hoot
  13.1. Introduction
  13.2. Homologous Recombination Occurs Between Synapsed Chromosomes in Meiosis
  13.3. Double-Strand Breaks Initiate Recombination
  13.4. Gene Conversion Accounts for Interallelic Recombination
  13.5. Synthesis-Dependent Strand-Annealing Model
  13.6. Single-Strand Annealing Mechanism Functions at Some Double-Strand Breaks
  13.7. Break-Induced Replication Can Repair Double-Strand Breaks
  13.8. Recombining Meiotic Chromosomes Are Connected by the Synaptonemal Complex
  13.9. Synaptonemal Complex Forms After Double-Strand Breaks
  13.10. Pairing and Synaptonemal Complex Formation Are Independent
  13.11. Bacterial RecBCD System Is Stimulated by chi Sequences
  13.12. Strand-Transfer Proteins Catalyze Single-Strand Assimilation
  13.13. Holliday Junctions Must Be Resolved
  13.14. Eukaryotic Genes Involved in Homologous Recombination
  1. End Processing/Presynapsis
  2. Synapsis
  3. DNA Heteroduplex Extension and Branch Migration
  4. Resolution
  13.15. Specialized Recombination Involves Specific Sites
  13.16. Site-Specific Recombination Involves Breakage and Reunion
  13.17. Site-Specific Recombination Resembles Topoisomerase Activity
  13.18. Lambda Recombination Occurs in an Intasome
  13.19. Yeast Can Switch Silent and Active Mating-Type Loci
  13.20. Unidirectional Gene Conversion Is Initiated by the Recipient MAT Locus
  13.21. Antigenic Variation in Trypanosomes Uses Homologous Recombination
  13.22. Recombination Pathways Adapted for Experimental Systems
  ch. 14 Repair Systems
  14.1. Introduction
  14.2. Repair Systems Correct Damage to DNA
  14.3. Excision Repair Systems in E. coli
  14.4. Eukaryotic Nucleotide Excision Repair Pathways
  14.5. Base Excision Repair Systems Require Glycosylases
  14.6. Error-Prone Repair and Translesion Synthesis
  14.7. Controlling the Direction of Mismatch Repair
  14.8. Recombination-Repair Systems in E. coli
  14.9. Recombination Is an Important Mechanism to Recover from Replication Errors
  14.10. Recombination-Repair of Double-Strand Breaks in Eukaryotes
  14.11. Nonhomologous End Joining Also Repairs Double-Strand Breaks
  14.12. DNA Repair in Eukaryotes Occurs in the Context of Chromatin
  14.13. RecA Triggers the SOS System
  ch. 15 Transposable Elements and Retroviruses / Damon Lisch
  15.1. Introduction
  15.2. Insertion Sequences Are Simple Transposition Modules
  15.3. Transposition Occurs by Both Replicative and Nonreplicative Mechanisms
  15.4. Transposons Cause Rearrangement of DNA
  15.5. Replicative Transposition Proceeds Through a Cointegrate
  15.6. Nonreplicative Transposition Proceeds by Breakage and Reunion
  15.7. Transposons Form Superfamilies and Families
  15.8. Role of Transposable Elements in Hybrid Dysgenesis
  15.9. P Elements Are Activated in the Germ line
  15.10. Retrovirus Life Cycle Involves Transposition-Like Events
  15.11. Retroviral Genes Code for Polyproteins
  15.12. Viral DNA Is Generated by Reverse Transcription
  15.13. Viral DNA Integrates into the Chromosome
  15.14. Retroviruses May Transduce Cellular Sequences
  15.15. Retroelements Fall into Three Classes
  15.16. Yeast Ty Elements Resemble Retroviruses
  15.17. Alu Family Has Many Widely Dispersed Members
  15.18. LINEs Use an Endonuclease to Generate a Priming End
  ch. 16 Somatic DNA Recombination and Hypermutation in the Immune System / Paolo Casali
  16.1. Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Immunity
  16.2. Innate Response Utilizes Conserved Recognition Molecules and Signaling Pathways
  16.3. Adaptive Immunity
  16.4. Clonal Selection Amplifies Lymphocytes That Respond to a Given Antigen
  16.5. Ig Genes Are Assembled from Discrete DNA Segments in B Lymphocytes
  16.6. L Chains Are Assembled by a Single Recombination Event
  16.7. H Chains Are Assembled by Two Sequential Recombination Events
  16.8. Recombination Generates Extensive Diversity
  16.9. V(D)J DNA Recombination Relies on RSS and Occurs by Deletion or Inversion
  16.10. Allelic Exclusion Is Triggered by Productive Rearrangements
  16.11. RAG1/RAG2 Catalyze Breakage and Religation of V(D)J Gene Segments
  16.12. B Cell Development in the Bone Marrow: From Common Lymphoid Progenitor to Mature B Cell
  16.13. Class Switch DNA Recombination
  16.14. CSR Involves AID and Elements of the NHEJ Pathway
  16.15. Somatic Hypermutation Generates Additional Diversity and Provides the Substrate for Higher-Affinity Submutants
  16.16. SHM Is Mediated by AID, Ung, Elements of the Mismatch DNA Repair Machinery, and Translesion DNA Synthesis Polymerases
  16.17. Igs Expressed in Avians Are Assembled from Pseudogenes
  16.18. Chromatin Architecture Dynamics of the IgH Locus in V(D) Recombination, CSR, and SHM
  16.19. Epigenetics of V(D)J Recombination, CSR, and SHM
  16.20. B Cell Differentiation Results in Maturation of the Antibody Response and Generation of Long-lived Plasma Cells and Memory B Cells
  16.21. T Cell Receptor Antigen Is Related to the BCR
  16.22. TCR Functions in Conjunction with the MHC
  16.23. MHC Locus Comprises a Cohort of Genes Involved in Immune Recognition
  pt. III Transcription and Posttranscriptional Mechanisms
  ch. 17 Prokaryotic Transcription
  17.1. Introduction
  17.2. Transcription Occurs by Base Pairing in a "Bubble" of Unpaired DNA
  17.3. Transcription Reaction Has Three Stages
  17.4. Bacterial RNA Polymerase Consists of Multiple Subunits
  17.5. RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme Consists of the Core Enzyme and Sigma Factor
  17.6. How Does RNA Polymerase Find Promoter Sequences?
  17.7. Holoenzyme Goes Through Transitions in the Process of Recognizing and Escaping from Promoters
  17.8. Sigma Factor Controls Binding to DNA by Recognizing Specific Sequences in Promoters
  17.9. Promoter Efficiencies Can Be Increased or Decreased by Mutation
  17.10. Multiple Regions in RNA Polymerase Directly Contact Promoter DNA
  17.11. RNA Polymerase
  Promoter and DNA
  Protein Interactions Are the Same for Promoter Recognition and DNA Melting
  17.12. Interactions Between Sigma Factor and Core RNA Polymerase Change During Promoter Escape
  17.13. Model for Enzyme Movement Is Suggested by the Crystal Structure
  17.14. Stalled RNA Polymerase Can Restart
  17.15. Bacterial RNA Polymerase Terminates at Discrete Sites
  17.16. How Does Rho Factor Work?
  17.17. Supercoiling Is an Important Feature of Transcription
  17.18. Phage T7 RNA Polymerase Is a Useful Model System
  17.19. Competition for Sigma Factors Can Regulate Initiation
  17.20. Sigma Factors Can Be Organized into Cascades
  17.21. Sporulation Is Controlled by Sigma Factors
  17.22. Antitermination Can Be a Regulatory Event
  ch. 18 Eukaryotic Transcription
  18.1. Introduction
  18.2. Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases Consist of Many Subunits
  18.3. RNA Polymerase I Has a Bipartite Promoter
  18.4. RNA Polymerase III Uses Downstream and Upstream Promoters
  18.5. Start Point for RNA Polymerase II
  18.6. TBP Is a Universal Factor
  18.7. Basal Apparatus Assembles at the Promoter
  18.8. Initiation Is Followed by Promoter Clearance and Elongation
  18.9. Enhancers Contain Bidirectional Elements That Assist Initiation
  18.10. Enhancers Work by Increasing the Concentration of Activators Near the Promoter
  18.11. Gene Expression Is Associated with Demethylation
  18.12. CpG Islands Are Regulatory Targets
  ch. 19 RNA Splicing and Processing
  19.1. Introduction
  19.2. 5' End of Eukaryotic mRNA Is Capped
  19.3. Nuclear Splice Sites Are Short Sequences
  19.4. Splice Sites Are Read in Pairs
  19.5. Pre-mRNA Splicing Proceeds Through a Lariat
  19.6. snRNAs Are Required for Splicing
  19.7. Commitment of Pre-mRNA to the Splicing Pathway
  19.8. Spliceosome Assembly Pathway
  19.9. Alternative Spliceosome Uses Different snRNPs to Process the Minor Class of Introns
  19.10. Pre-mRNA Splicing Likely Shares the Mechanism with Group II Autocatalytic Introns
  19.11. Splicing Is Temporally and Functionally Coupled with Multiple Steps in Gene Expression
  19.12. Alternative Splicing Is a Rule, Rather Than an Exception, in Multicellular Eukaryotes
  19.13. Splicing Can Be Regulated by Exonic and Intronic Splicing Enhancers and Silencers
  Contents note continued: 19.14. Trans-Splicing Reactions Use Small RNAs
  19.15. 3' Ends of mRNAs Are Generated by Cleavage and Polyadenylation
  19.16. 3' mRNA End Processing Is Critical for Termination of Transcription
  19.17. 3' End Formation of Histone mRNA Requires U7 snRNA
  19.18. tRNA Splicing Involves Cutting and Rejoining in Separate Reactions
  19.19. Unfolded Protein Response Is Related to tRNA Splicing
  19.20. Production of rRNA Requires Cleavage Events and Involves Small RNAs
  ch. 20 mRNA Stability and Localization / Ellen Baker
  20.1. Introduction
  20.2. Messenger RNAs Are Unstable Molecules
  20.3. Eukaryotic mRNAs Exist in the Form of mRNPs from Their Birth to Their Death
  20.4. Prokaryotic mRNA Degradation Involves Multiple Enzymes
  20.5. Most Eukaryotic mRNA Is Degraded via Two Deadenylation-Dependent Pathways
  20.6. Other Degradation Pathways Target Specific mRNAs
  20.7. mRNA-Specific Half-Lives Are Controlled by Sequences or Structures Within the mRNA
  20.8. Newly Synthesized RNAs Are Checked for Defects via a Nuclear Surveillance System
  20.9. Quality Control of mRNA Translation Is Performed by Cytoplasmic Surveillance Systems
  20.10. Translationally Silenced mRNAs Are Sequestered in a Variety of RNA Granules
  20.11. Some Eukaryotic mRNAs Are Localized to Specific Regions of a Cell
  ch. 21 Catalytic RNA / Douglas J. Briant
  21.1. Introduction
  21.2. Group I Introns Undertake Self-Splicing by Transesterification
  21.3. Group I Introns Form a Characteristic Secondary Structure
  21.4. Ribozymes Have Various Catalytic Activities
  21.5. Some Group I Introns Encode Endonucleases That Sponsor Mobility
  21.6. Group II Introns May Encode Multifunction Proteins
  21.7. Some Autosplicing Introns Require Maturases
  21.8. Catalytic Activity of RNase P Is Due to RNA
  21.9. Viroids Have Catalytic Activity
  21.10. RNA Editing Occurs at Individual Bases
  21.11. RNA Editing Can Be Directed by Guide RNAs
  21.12. Protein Splicing Is Autocatalytic
  ch. 22 Translation
  22.1. Introduction
  22.2. Translation Occurs by Initiation, Elongation, and Termination
  22.3. Special Mechanisms Control the Accuracy of Translation
  22.4. Initiation in Bacteria Needs 30S Subunits and Accessory Factors
  22.5. Initiation Involves Base Pairing Between mRNA and rRNA
  22.6. Special Initiator tRNA Starts the Polypeptide Chain
  22.7. Use of fMet-tRNAf Is Controlled by IF-2 and the Ribosome
  22.8. Small Subunits Scan for Initiation Sites on Eukaryotic mRNA
  22.9. Eukaryotes Use a Complex of Many Initiation Factors
  22.10. Elongation Factor Tu Loads Aminoacyl-tRNA into the A Site
  22.11. Polypeptide Chain Is Transferred to Aminoacyl-tRNA
  22.12. Translocation Moves the Ribosome
  22.13. Elongation Factors Bind Alternately to the Ribosome
  22.14. Three Codons Terminate Translation
  22.15. Termination Codons Are Recognized by Protein Factors
  22.16. Ribosomal RNA Is Found Throughout Both Ribosomal Subunits
  22.17. Ribosomes Have Several Active Centers
  22.18. 16S rRNA Plays an Active Role in Translation
  22.19. 23S rRNA Has Peptidyl Transferase Activity
  22.20. Ribosomal Structures Change When the Subunits Come Together
  22.21. Translation Can Be Regulated
  22.22. Cycle of Bacterial Messenger RNA
  ch. 23 Using the Genetic Code
  23.1. Introduction
  23.2. Related Codons Represent Chemically Similar Amino Acids
  23.3. Codon-Anticodon Recognition Involves Wobbling
  23.4. tRNAs Are Processed from Longer Precursors
  23.5. tRNA Contains Modified Bases
  23.6. Modified Bases Affect Anticodon-Codon Pairing
  23.7. Universal Code Has Experienced Sporadic Alterations
  23.8. Novel Amino Acids Can Be Inserted at Certain Stop Codons
  23.9. tRNAs Are Charged with Amino Acids by Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases
  23.10. Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases Fall into Two Classes
  23.11. Synthetases Use Proofreading to Improve Accuracy
  23.12. Suppressor tRNAs Have Mutated Anticodons That Read New Codons
  23.13. Each Termination Codon Has Nonsense Suppressors
  23.14. Suppressors May Compete with Wild-Type Reading of the Code
  23.15. Ribosome Influences the Accuracy of Translation
  23.16. Frameshifting Occurs at Slippery Sequences
  23.17. Other Recoding Events: Translational Bypassing and the tmRNA Mechanism to Free Stalled Ribosomes
  pt. IV Gene Regulation
  ch. 24 Operon / Lishin Swint-Kruse
  24.1. Introduction
  24.2. Structural Gene Clusters Are Coordinately Controlled
  24.3. lac Operon Is Negative Inducible
  24.4. lac Repressor Is Controlled by a Small-Molecule Inducer
  24.5. c/s-Acting Constitutive Mutations Identify the Operator
  24.6. trans-Acting Mutations Identify the Regulator Gene
  24.7. lac Repressor Is a Tetramer Made of Two Dimers
  24.8. Lac Repressor Binding to the Operator Is Regulated by an Allosteric Change in Conformation
  24.9. lac Repressor Binds to Three Operators and Interacts with RNA Polymerase
  24.10. Operator Competes with Low-Affinity Sites to Bind Repressor
  24.11. lac Operon Has a Second Layer of Control: Catabolite Repression
  24.12. trp Operon Is a Repressible Operon with Three Transcription Units
  24.13. trp Operon Is Also Controlled by Attenuation
  24.14. Attenuation Can Be Controlled by Translation
  24.15. Stringent Control by Stable RNA Transcription
  24.16. r-Protein Synthesis Is Controlled by Autoregulation
  ch. 25 Phage Strategies
  25.1. Introduction
  25.2. Lytic Development Is Divided into Two Periods
  25.3. Lytic Development Is Controlled by a Cascade
  25.4. Two Types of Regulatory Events Control the Lytic Cascade
  25.5. Phage T7 and T4 Genomes Show Functional Clustering
  25.6. Lambda Immediate Early and Delayed Early Genes Are Needed for Both Lysogeny and the Lytic Cycle
  25.7. Lytic Cycle Depends on Antitermination by pN
  25.8. Lysogeny Is Maintained by the Lambda Repressor Protein
  25.9. Lambda Repressor and Its Operators Define the Immunity Region
  25.10. DNA-Binding Form of the Lambda Repressor Is a Dimer
  25.11. Lambda Repressor Uses a Helix-Turn-Helix Motif to Bind DNA
  25.12. Lambda Repressor Dimers Bind Cooperatively to the Operator
  25.13. Lambda Repressor Maintains an Autoregulatory Circuit
  25.14. Cooperative Interactions Increase the Sensitivity of Regulation
  25.15. cII and cIII Genes Are Needed to Establish Lysogeny
  25.16. Poor Promoter Requires cII Protein
  25.17. Lysogeny Requires Several Events
  25.18. Cro Repressor Is Needed for Lytic Infection
  25.19. What Determines the Balance Between Lysogeny and the Lytic Cycle?
  ch. 26 Eukaryotic Transcription Regulation
  26.1. Introduction
  26.2. How Is a Gene Turned On?
  26.3. Mechanism of Action of Activators and Repressors
  26.4. Independent Domains Bind DNA and Activate Transcription
  26.5. Two-Hybrid Assay Detects Protein-Protein Interactions
  26.6. Activators Interact with the Basal Apparatus
  26.7. Many Types of DNA-Binding Domains Have Been Identified
  26.8. Chromatin Remodeling Is an Active Process
  26.9. Nucleosome Organization or Content Can Be Changed at the Promoter
  26.10. Histone Acetylation Is Associated with Transcription Activation
  26.11. Methylation of Histones and DNA Is Connected
  26.12. Promoter Activation Involves Multiple Changes to Chromatin
  26.13. Histone Phosphorylation Affects Chromatin Structure
  26.14. Yeast GAL Genes: A Model for Activation and Repression
  ch. 27 Epigenetics I / Trygve Tollefsbol
  27.1. Introduction
  27.2. Heterochromatin Propagates from a Nucleation Event
  27.3. Heterochromatin Depends on Interactions with Histones
  27.4. Polycomb and Trithorax Are Antagonistic Repressors and Activators
  27.5. CpG Islands Are Subject to Methylation
  27.6. Epigenetic Effects Can Be Inherited
  27.7. Yeast Prions Show Unusual Inheritance
  ch. 28 Epigenetics II / Trygve Tollefsbol
  28.1. Introduction
  28.2. X Chromosomes Undergo Global Changes
  28.3. Chromosome Condensation Is Caused by Condensins
  28.4. DNA Methylation Is Responsible for Imprinting
  28.5. Oppositely Imprinted Genes Can Be Controlled by a Single Center
  28.6. Prions Cause Diseases in Mammals
  ch. 29 Noncoding RNA
  29.1. Introduction
  29.2. Riboswitch Can Alter Its Structure According to Its Environment
  29.3. Noncoding RNAs Can Be Used to Regulate Gene Expression
  ch. 30 Regulatory RNA
  30.1. Introduction
  30.2. Bacteria Contain Regulator RNAs
  30.3. MicroRNAs Are Widespread Regulators in Eukaryotes
  30.4. How Does RNA Interference Work?
  30.5. Heterochromatin Formation Requires MicroRNAs.