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• Title:Preclinical speech science : anatomy, physiology, acoustics, and perception / Thomas J. Hixon, Gary Weismer, Jeannette D. Hoit.
  
•    
• Author/Creator:Hixon, Thomas J., 1940-2009, author.
  
• Other Contributors/Collections:Weismer, Gary, author.
  Hoit, Jeannette D. (Jeannette Dee), 1954- author.
  
• Published/Created:San Diego, CA : Plural Publishing Inc., [2020]
  

• Holdings

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  • Location:WOODWARD LIBRARY stacksWhere is this?
    
  • Call Number: WV501 .H676p 2020
    
  • Number of Items:1
    
  • Status:c.1 On loan - Due on 09-15-2024
    

   
• Library of Congress Subjects:Speech--Physiological aspects.
  Respiratory organs--Anatomy.
  Respiration.
  Speech perception.
  Phonetics, Acoustic.
  
• Medical Subjects: Speech--physiology.
  Speech Perception.
  Speech Disorders.
  Respiratory System--anatomy & histology.
  
• Edition:Third edition.
  
• Description:xxiii, 728 ; 29 cm
  
• Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
  
• ISBN:9781635500615 hardcover alkaline paper
  1635500613 hardcover alkaline paper
  
• Contents:Machine generated contents note: Focus of the Book
  Domain of Preclinical Speech Science
  Levels of Observation
  Subsystems of Speech Production and Swallowing
  Applications of Data
  Domain of Preclinical Hearing Science
  Levels of Observation
  Subsystems of the Auditory System
  Applications of Data
  Review
  Introduction
  Anatomy of the Breathing Apparatus
  Skeletal Framework
  Breathing Apparatus and Its Subdivisions
  Pulmonary Apparatus
  Chest Wall
  Pulmonary Apparatus-Chest Wall Unit
  Forces of Breathing
  Passive Force
  Active Force
  Muscles of the Rib Cage Wall
  Muscle of the Diaphragm
  Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
  Summary of Passive and Active Forces
  Realization of Passive and Active Forces
  Movements of Breathing
  Movements of the Rib Cage Wall
  Movements of the Diaphragm
  Movements of the Abdominal Wall
  Relative Movements of the Rib Cage Wall and Diaphragm-Abdominal Wall
  Forces Underlying Movements
  Control Variables of Breathing
  Lung Volume
  Alveolar Pressure
  Chest Wall Shape
  Neural Control of Breathing
  Control of Tidal Breathing
  Control of Special Acts of Breathing
  Peripheral Nerves of Breathing
  Ventilation and Gas Exchange During Tidal Breathing
  Breathing and Speech Production
  Extended Steady Utterances
  Running Speech Activities
  Variables That Influence Speech Breathing
  Body Position
  Extended Steady Utterances in the Supine Body Position
  Running Speech Activities in the Supine Body Position
  Speech Breathing in Other Body Positions
  Body Type
  Age
  Sex
  Ventilation and Drive to Breathe
  Cognitive-Linguistic and Social Variables
  Review
  References
  Introduction
  Anatomy of the Laryngeal Apparatus
  Skeletal Framework
  Thyroid Cartilage
  Cricoid Cartilage
  Arytenoid Cartilages
  Epiglottis
  Hyoid Bone
  Laryngeal Joints
  Cricothyroid Joints
  Cricoarytenoid Joints
  Internal Topography
  Laryngeal Cavity
  Vocal Folds
  Ventricular Folds
  Laryngeal Ventricles
  Ligaments and Membranes
  Forces of the Laryngeal Apparatus
  Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
  Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
  Supplementary Laryngeal Muscles
  Infrahyoid Muscles
  Suprahyoid Muscles
  Summary of the Laryngeal Muscles
  Movements of the Laryngeal Apparatus
  Movements of the Vocal Folds
  Vocal Fold Abduction
  Vocal Fold Adduction
  Vocal Fold Length Change
  Movements of the Ventricular Folds
  Movements of the Epiglottis
  Movements of the Laryngeal Housing
  Control Variables of Laryngeal Function
  Laryngeal Opposing Pressure
  Laryngeal Airway Resistance
  Glottal Size and Configuration
  Stiffness of the Vocal Folds
  Effective Mass of the Vocal Folds
  Neural Substrates of Laryngeal Control
  Laryngeal Functions
  Degree of Coupling Between the Trachea and Pharynx
  Protection of the Pulmonary Airways
  Containment of the Pulmonary Air Supply
  Sound Generation
  Laryngeal Function in Speech Production
  Transient Noise Production
  Sustained Turbulence Noise Production
  Sustained Voice Production
  Vocal Fold Vibration
  Fundamental Frequency
  Sound Pressure Level
  Fundamental Frequency-Sound Pressure Level Profiles
  Spectrum
  Voice Registers
  Running Speech Activities
  Fundamental Frequency
  Sound Pressure Level
  Spectrum
  Articulation
  Variables that Influence Laryngeal Function During Speech Production
  Age
  Sex
  Review
  References
  Introduction
  Anatomy of the Velopharyngeal-Nasal Apparatus
  Skeletal Framework
  Pharynx
  Velum
  Nasal Cavities
  Outer Nose
  Forces of the Velopharyngeal-Nasal Apparatus
  Muscles of the Pharynx
  Muscles of the Velum
  Muscles of the Outer Nose
  Movements of the Velopharyngeal-Nasal Apparatus
  Movements of the Pharynx
  Movements of the Velum
  Movements of the Outer Nose
  Control Variables of Velopharyngeal-Nasal Function
  Velopharyngeal-Nasal Airway Resistance
  Velopharyngeal Sphincter Compression
  Velopharyngeal-Nasal Acoustic Impedance
  Neural Substrates of Velopharyngeal-Nasal Control
  Velopharyngeal-Nasal Functions
  Coupling Between the Oral and Nasal Cavities
  Coupling Between the Nasal Cavities and Atmosphere
  Ventilation and Velopharyngeal-Nasal Function
  Nasal Valve Modulation
  Nasal Cycling (Side-to-Side)
  Nasal-Oral Switching
  Velopharyngeal-Nasal Function and Speech Production
  Sustained Utterances
  Running Speech Activities
  Variables that Influence Velopharyngeal-Nasal Function
  Body Position
  Age
  Sex
  Review
  References
  Introduction
  Anatomy of the Pharyngeal-Oral Apparatus
  Skeletal Framework
  Maxilla
  Mandible
  Temporomandibular Joints
  Internal Topography
  Pharyngeal Cavity
  Oral Cavity
  Buccal Cavity
  Mucous Lining
  Forces of the Pharyngeal-Oral Apparatus
  Muscles of the Pharynx
  Muscles of the Mandible
  Muscles of the Tongue
  Muscles of the Lips
  Movements of the Pharyngeal-Oral Apparatus
  Movements of the Pharynx
  Movements of the Mandible
  Movements of the Tongue
  Movements of the Lips
  Control Variables of Pharyngeal-Oral Function
  Pharyngeal-Oral Lumen Size and Configuration
  Pharyngeal-Oral Structural Contact Pressure
  Pharyngeal-Oral Airway Resistance
  Pharyngeal-Oral Acoustic Impedance
  Neural Substrates of Pharyngeal-Oral Control
  Pharyngeal-Oral Functions
  Degree of Coupling Between the Oral Cavity and Atmosphere
  Chewing and Swallowing
  Sound Generation and Filtering
  Speech Production: Articulatory Descriptions
  Vowels
  Place of Major Constriction
  Degree of Major Constriction
  Lip Rounding
  Diphthongs
  Consonants
  Manner of Production
  Place of Production
  Voicing
  Speech Production Stream: Articulatory Processes
  Coarticulation
  Traditional Theory of Coarticulation (Feature Spreading)
  Problems with the Traditional Theory of Coarticulation
  Articulatory Phonology or Gesture Theory
  Variables That Influence Pharyngeal-Oral Function
  Age
  Sex
  Review
  References
  Introduction
  Measurement and Analysis of Breathing
  Spirometry
  Chest Wall Surface Tracking
  Manometry
  Measurement and Analysis of Laryngeal Function
  Endoscopy
  Electroglottography
  Aeromechanical Observations
  Measurement and Analysis of Velopharyngeal-Nasal Function
  Nasendoscopy
  Aeromechanical Observations
  Measurement and Analysis of Pharyngeal-Oral Function
  Structural and Functional Imaging
  X-Ray Imaging
  Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  Ultrasonic Imaging
  Articulatory Tracking
  X-Ray Microbeam Imaging
  Electromagnetic Sensing (Articulography)
  Optoelectronic Tracking
  Electropalatographic Monitoring
  Aeromechanical Observations
  Health Care Professionals and Clinical Measurements
  Review
  References
  Introduction
  Pressure Waves
  Motions of Vibrating Air Molecules Are Governed by Simple Forces
  Motions of Vibrating Air Molecules Change the Local Densities of Air
  Pressure Waves, Not Individual Molecules, Propagate Through Space and Vary as a Function of Both Space and Time
  Variation of a Pressure Wave in Time and Space Can Be Measured
  Temporal Measures
  Spatial Measures
  Wavelength and Direction of Sound
  Pressure Waves: A Summary and Introduction to Sinusoids
  Sinusoidal Motion
  Sinusoidal Motion (Simple Harmonic Motion) Is Derived from the Linear Projection of Uniform Circular Speed
  When the Linear Projection of Uniform Circular Speed Is Stretched Out in Time, the Result Is a Sine Wave
  Sinusoidal Motion Can Be Described by a Simple Formula and Has Three Important Characteristics: Frequency, Amplitude, and Phase
  Sinusoidal Motion: A Summary
  Complex Acoustic Events
  Complex Periodic Events Have Waveforms That Repeat Their Patterns Over Time and Are Composed of Harmonically Related Frequency Components
  Complex Periodic Waveform Can Be Considered as the Sum of the Individual Sinusoids at the Harmonic Frequencies
  Complex Aperiodic Events Have Waveforms in Which No Repetitive Pattern Can Be Discerned, and Frequency Components That Are Not Harmonically Related
  Complex Acoustic Events: A Summary
  Resonance
  Mechanical Resonance
  Spring-Mass Model of Resonance
  Relative Values of Mass (M) and Elasticity (K) Determine the Frequency of Vibration of the Spring-Mass Model
  Effects of Mass and Stiffness (Elasticity) on a Resonant System: A Summary
  Acoustic Resonance: Helmholtz Resonators
  Neck of the Helmholtz Resonator Contains a Column, or Plug of Air, That Behaves Like a Mass When a Force Is Applied to It
  Bowl of a Resonator Contains a Volume of Air That Behaves Like a Spring When a Force Is Applied to It
  Acoustic Resonance: Tube Resonators
  Resonance in Tubes: A Summary
  Resonance Curves, Damping, and Bandwidth
  Energy Loss (Damping) in Vibratory Systems Can Be Attributed to Four Factors
  Time- and Frequency-Domain Representations of Damping in Acoustic Vibratory Systems
  Extension of the Resonance Curve Concept: The Shaping of a Source by the Acoustic Characteristics of a Resonator
  Resonance, Damping, Bandwidth, Filters: A Summary
  Review
  References
  Appendix 7-A: The Decibel Scale
  Introduction
  What Is the Precise Nature of the Input Signal Generated by the Vibrating Vocal Folds?
  Time Domain
  Frequency Domain
  Contents note continued: Periodic Nature of the Waveform
  Shape of the Waveform
  Ratio of Open Time to Closed Time
  Nature of the Input Signal: A Summary
  Why Should the Vocal Tract Be Conceptualized as a Tube Closed at One End?
  Response of the Vocal Tract to Excitation
  How Are the Acoustic Properties of the Vocal Tract Determined?
  Area Function of the Vocal Tract
  How Does the Vocal Tract Shape the Input Signal? (How Is the Source Spectrum Combined with the Theoretical Vocal Tract Spectrum to Produce a Vocal Tract Output?)
  Formant Bandwidths
  Acoustic Theory of Vowel Production: A Summary
  What Happens to the Resonant Frequencies of the Vocal Tract When the Tube Is Constricted at a Given Location?
  Three-Parameter Model of Stevens and House
  Tongue Height
  Tongue Advancement
  Configuration of the Lips
  Importance of the Stevens and House Rules: A Summary
  Connection Between the Stevens and House Rules and Perturbation Theory
  Why Are the Stevens and House Rules Important?
  Another Take on the Relationship Between Vocal Tract Configuration and Vocal Tract Resonances
  Confirmation of the Acoustic Theory of Vowel Production
  Analog Experiments
  Human Experiments
  Review
  References
  Introduction
  Why Is the Acoustic Theory of Speech Production Most Accurate and Straightforward for Vowels?
  Acoustics of Coupled (Shunt) Resonators and Their Application to Consonant Acoustics
  Nasal Murmurs
  Energy Loss in the Nasal Cavities, Antiresonances, and the Relative Amplitude of Nasal Murmurs
  Nasal Murmurs: A Summary
  Nasalization
  Nasalization: A Summary
  Importance of Understanding Nasalization
  Coupled (Shunt) Resonators in the Production of Lateral Sounds
  Coupled (Shunt) Resonators in the Production of Obstruent Sounds
  What Is the Theory of Fricative Acoustics?
  Fluid Flow in Pipes and Source Types
  Aeromechanic/Acoustic Effects in Fricatives: A Summary
  Typical Fricative Waveform and Its Aeromechanical Correlates
  Mixed Sources in Fricative Production
  Shaping of Fricative Sources by Vocal Tract Resonators
  Measurement of Fricative Acoustics
  Spectral Measurements
  Temporal Measurements
  Acoustic Theory of Fricatives: A Summary
  What Is the Theory of Stop Acoustics?
  Intervals of Stop Consonant Articulation: Aeromechanics and Acoustics
  Closure (Silent) Interval
  Release (Burst) Interval
  Frication and Aspiration Intervals
  Voice-Onset Time
  Shaping of Stop Sources by Vocal Tract Resonators
  Nature of Stop Sources
  Shaping of Stop Sources
  Measurement of Stop Acoustics
  Spectral Measurements
  Temporal Measurements
  Stop Consonants: A Summary
  What Is the Theory of Affricate Acoustics?
  Acoustic Contrasts Associated with the Voicing Distinction in Obstruents
  Review
  References
  Introduction
  Historical Prelude
  Sound Spectrograph: History and Technique
  Original Sound Spectrograph: Summary
  Interpretation of Spectrograms: Specific Features
  Axes
  Glottal Pulses
  Formant Frequencies
  Silent Intervals and Stop Bursts
  Aperiodic Intervals
  Segmentation of Spectrograms
  Speech Acoustics Is Not All About Segments: Suprasegmentals
  Digital Techniques for Speech Analysis
  Speech Analysis by Computer: From Recording to Analysis to Output
  Sampling Rate
  Filters
  Bits
  Analysis and Display
  Review
  References
  Introduction
  Vowels
  Vowel Acoustics: Dialect and Cross-Language Phonetics
  Within-Speaker Variability in Formant Frequencies
  Summary of Vowel Formant Frequencies
  Note on Vowel Formant Frequencies Versus Formant Trajectories
  Vowel Durations
  Intrinsic Vowel Durations
  Extrinsic Factors Affecting Vowel Durations
  Diphthongs
  Diphthongs: Two Connected Vowels or a Unique Phoneme?
  Diphthong Duration
  Nasals
  Nasal Murmurs
  Nasal Place of Articulation
  Nasalization
  Semivowels
  Constriction Interval
  Formant Transitions
  Semivowel Acoustics and Speech Development
  Semivowel Durations
  Fricatives
  Sibilants Versus Nonsibilants: Spectral Characteristics
  Quantification of Fricative Spectra
  Formant Transitions and Fricative Distinctions
  Fricative Duration
  Laryngeal Devoicing Gesture and Fricative Duration
  /h/ Acoustics
  Stops
  Closure Interval and Burst
  Closure Interval Duration
  Flap Closures
  Closure Duration and Place of Articulation
  Stop Voicing: Some Further Considerations
  Laryngeal Devoicing Gesture, Stop Closures, and Voice Onset Time
  Bursts
  Acoustic Invariance for Stop Place of Articulation
  Acoustic Invariance and Theories of Speech Perception
  Locus Equations
  Acoustic Invariance at the Interface of Speech Production and Perception
  Affricates
  Acoustic Characteristics of Prosody
  Phrase-Level FO Contours
  Phrase-Level Intensity Contours
  Stress
  Rhythm
  Review
  References
  Introduction
  Early Speech Perception Research and Categorical Perception
  /ba/-/da/-/ga/ Experiment
  Categorical Perception: General Considerations
  Labeling Versus Discrimination
  Categorical Perception: So What?
  Speech Perception Is Species Specific
  Motor Theory of Speech Perception: Proofs and Falsifications
  Categorical Perception of Stop Place of Articulation Shows the "Match" to Speech Production
  Duplex Perception
  Acoustic Invariance
  Competition: General Auditory Explanations of Speech Perception
  Sufficient Acoustic Invariance
  Replication of Speech Perception Effects Using Nonspeech Signals
  Animal and Infant Perception of Speech Signals
  Competition: Direct Realism
  Vowel Perception
  Motor Theory (Original and Revised)
  Auditory Theories
  Normalization
  Direct Realism
  Summary of Speech Perception Theories
  Speech Perception and Word Recognition
  Speech Intelligibility
  "Explanatory" Speech Intelligibility Tests
  Scaled Speech Intelligibility
  Phonetic Transcription
  Why Should Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists Care About Speech Perception?
  Review
  References
  Introduction
  Temporal Bone
  Peripheral Anatomy of the Auditory System
  Outer Ear (Conductive Mechanism)
  Pinna (Auricle)
  External Auditory Meatus (External Auditory Canal)
  Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)
  Middle Ear (Conductive Mechanism)
  Chambers of the Middle Ear
  Ossicles and Associated Structures
  Ligaments of the Middle Ear
  Muscles of the Middle Ear
  Auditory (Eustachian) Tube
  Medial and Lateral Wall Views of the Middle Ear: A Summary
  Transmission of Sound Energy by the Conductive Mechanism
  Inner Ear (Sensorineural Mechanism)
  Vestibular System
  Semicircular Canals
  Vestibule: Saccule and Utricle
  Summary: Vestibular Structures and Mechanisms
  Cochlea
  Fluid Motion within the Scalae: A Broad View
  Hair Cells and Associated Structures
  Traveling Waves
  Traveling Wave Is Transformed to Action Potentials
  Auditory Nerve and Auditory Pathways (Neural Mechanism)
  Auditory Nerve and Associated Structures
  Efferent Auditory System
  "Tuning" of the Peripheral Frequency Response
  Ascending Auditory Pathways
  Acoustic Reflex
  Review
  References
  Auditory Psychophysics
  Psychophysics of Loudness
  Auditory Thresholds
  Equal Loudness Contours for Sinusoids
  Psychophysical Function Relating SPL to Scaled Loudness of Sinusoids
  Phons
  Sones
  Loudness of Complex Sounds
  Peripheral Auditory System Is a Series of Bandpass Filters
  Critical Band Concept and the Loudness of Complex Sounds
  Sensitivity of the Auditory System to Loudness Change
  Psychophysics of Pitch
  Pitch of Sinusoids
  Sensitivity of the Auditory System to Pitch Change
  Pitch of Complex Acoustic Events
  Pitch of Complex Periodic Events
  Pitch of Complex Aperiodic Events
  Psychophysics of Timbre
  Psychophysics of Time
  Psychophysics of Sound Localization
  Interaural Cues to Sound Location
  Auditory Objects and Auditory Scene Analysis
  Review
  References
  Introduction
  Nervous System: An Overview and Concepts
  Central Versus Peripheral Nervous System
  Autonomic Nervous System
  Anatomical Planes and Directions
  White and Gray Matter, Tracts and Nuclei, Nerves and Ganglia
  Gray Matter and Nuclei
  White Matter and Fiber Tracts
  Ganglia
  Efferent and Afferent
  Neurons and Synapses
  Lateralization and Specialization of Function
  Cerebral Hemispheres and White Matter
  Cerebral Hemispheres
  Frontal Lobe
  Parietal Lobe
  Temporal Lobe
  Occipital Lobe
  Insula
  Limbic System (Limbic Lobe)
  Cerebral White Matter
  Association Tracts
  Striatal Tracts
  Commissural Tracts
  Descending Projection Tracts
  Ascending Projection Tracts
  Subcortical Nuclei and Cerebellum
  Basal Ganglia
  Cortico-Striatal-Cortical Loop
  Role of Basal Ganglia
  Thalamus
  Cerebellum
  Cortico-Cerebellar-Cortical Loop
  Role of Cerebellum
  Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia: New Concepts
  Brainstem and Cranial Nerves
  Surface Features of the Brainstem: Ventral View
  Ventral Surface of Midbrain
  Ventral Surface of Pons
  Ventral Surface of Medulla
  Surface Features of the Brainstem: Dorsal View
  Dorsal Surface of Midbrain
  Dorsal Surface of Pons
  Dorsal Surface of Medulla
  Cranial Nerves and Associated Brainstem Nuclei
  Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory)
  Cranial Nerve II (Optic)
  Contents note continued: Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)
  Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear)
  Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal)
  Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens)
  Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)
  Cranial Nerve VIII (Auditory-Vestibular Nerve)
  Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal)
  Cranial Nerve X (Vagus)
  Cranial Nerve XI (Spinal Accessory Nerve)
  Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal)
  Cortical Innervation Patterns
  Why Innervation Patterns Matter
  Cranial Nerve Exam and Speech Production
  Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
  Spinal Cord
  Spinal Nerves
  Nervous System Cells
  Glial Cells
  Neurons
  Cell Body (Soma)
  Axon and Terminal Button
  Synapses
  Resting Potential, Action Potential, and Neurotransmitters
  Resting Potential
  Action Potential
  Synaptic Transmission and Neurotransmitters
  Neuromuscular Junction
  Meninges, Ventricles, Blood Supply
  Meninges
  Dura Mater
  Arachnoid Mater
  Pia Mater
  Meninges and Clinically Relevant Spaces
  Ventricles
  Lateral Ventricles
  Third Ventricle
  Cerebral Aqueduct, Fourth Ventricle, and Other Passageways for CSF
  Production, Composition, and Circulation of CSF
  Blood Supply of Brain
  Anterior Circulation
  Posterior Circulation
  Circle of Willis
  MCA and Blood Supply to the Dominant Hemisphere
  Blood-Brain Barrier
  Speech and Language Functions of the Brain: Possible Sites and Mechanisms
  Network View of Brain Function
  DIVA
  DIVA: Speech Sound Map (lvPMC)
  DIVA: Articulatory Velocity/Position Maps (PMC)
  DIVA: Auditory and Somatosensory Processing: Parietal Cortex and Frontal-Parietal Association Tracts
  DIVA: Where Is Aphasia, Where Are Dysarthria Types?
  Review
  References
  Introduction
  Anatomy
  Breathing, Laryngeal, Velopharyngeal-Nasal, and Pharyngeal-Oral Structures
  Esophagus
  Stomach
  Forces and Movements of Swallowing
  Oral Preparatory Phase
  Oral Transport Phase
  Pharyngeal Phase
  Esophageal Phase
  Overlap of Phases
  Breathing and Swallowing
  Neural Control of Swallowing
  Role of the Peripheral Nervous System
  Role of the Central Nervous System
  Variables That Influence Swallowing
  Bolus Characteristics
  Consistency and Texture
  Volume
  Taste
  Swallowing Mode
  Single Versus Sequential Swallows
  Cued Versus Uncued Swallows
  Body Position
  Development
  Aging
  Sex
  Measurement and Analysis of Swallowing
  Videofluoroscopy
  Endoscopy
  Manometry
  Surface Electromyography
  Ultrasonography
  Aeromechanical Observations
  Client Self-Report
  Health Care Professionals
  Review
  References.