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    The law of torts in Australia / Kit Barker [and others].

    • Title:The law of torts in Australia / Kit Barker [and others].
    •    
    • Other Contributors/Collections:Barker, Kit.
    • Published/Created:South Melbourne, Vic. : Oxford University Press, 2012.
    • Holdings

       
    • Library of Congress Subjects:Torts--Australia.
    • Edition:5th ed.
    • Description:civ, 855 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.
    • Notes:Previously published: 2007.
      Includes bibliographical references and index.
    • ISBN:9780195572391 (pbk.)
      0195572394 (pbk.)
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction: Torts and Tort Law
      1.1. What is a tort?
      1.2. relationship between tort law and other legal categories
      1.2.1. Tort law and criminal law
      1.2.2. Tort law and contract law
      1.2.3. Tort law and the law of restitution
      1.2.4. Tort law and the law of trusts
      1.2.5. Tort law and property law
      1.3. Standards of liability in tort law
      1.4. Sources of Australian tort law
      1.5. Tort law at the beginning of the twenty-first century
      1.6. Tort theory
      1.6.1. Economic analysis
      1.6.2. Corrective justice theory
      1.6.3. Critical theory
      1.6.4. Theory and debates about tort reform
      1.7. Alternatives to the tort system
      2. Interference with the Person
      2.1. Historical background and relationship with negligence
      2.2. Trespass to the person
      2.2.1. Damage
      2.2.2. Overlap with criminal proceedings
      2.3. Battery
      2.3.1. Direct contact
      2.3.2. Intentional contact
      2.3.3. Contact with the body of the plaintiff
      2.3.4. Knowledge of the contact
      2.4. Assault
      2.4.1. Conduct constituting a threat
      2.4.2. Directness
      2.4.3. Apprehension of an imminent battery
      2.4.4. Conditional threats
      2.4.5. Intention
      2.4.6. Reasonable apprehension
      2.5. False imprisonment
      2.5.1. Intention
      2.5.2. Total restraint
      2.5.3. Directness
      2.5.4. Knowledge of the imprisonment
      2.6. Actionability of other intentional acts
      2.6.1. intentional infliction of harm otherwise than through trespass to the person
      2.6.2. intentional infliction of mental harm
      2.7. Defences to the trespass torts
      2.7.1. Necessity
      2.7.2. Insanity
      2.7.3. Discipline
      2.7.4. Illegality
      2.7.5. Self-defence
      2.7.6. Provocation
      2.7.7. Consent
      2.7.8. Lawful authority
      2.8. Damages
      2.8.1. Battery and assault
      2.8.2. False imprisonment
      2.8.3. action for the intentional infliction of harm
      2.9. Alternative compensation schemes
      2.10. Malicious prosecution and abuse of process
      2.10.1. Malicious prosecution
      2.10.2. Abuse of process
      3. Interference with Goods
      3.1. Introduction
      3.2. Trespass to goods
      3.2.1. Intention
      3.2.2. nature of the plaintiff's interest
      3.2.3. Directness
      3.2.4. kinds of interference sufficient to constitute trespass
      3.2.5. Actual damage
      3.2.6. jus tertii and trespass to goods
      3.3. Conversion
      3.3.1. subject-matter of conversion
      3.3.2. required interest in the goods
      3.3.3. Mental element
      3.3.4. Dealings with goods that amount to conversion
      3.3.5. jus tertii and conversion
      3.4. Detinue
      3.4.1. subject-matter of detinue
      3.4.2. nature of the plaintiff's interest
      3.4.3. Requirements to establish detinue: possession, demand and refusal
      3.4.4. Mental element
      3.4.5. jus tertii and detinue
      3.5. Damage to reversionary interest in goods
      3.6. Defences to torts of interference with goods
      3.6.1. Necessity
      3.6.2. Illegality
      3.6.3. Distress
      3.6.4. Consent
      3.6.5. Lawful authority
      3.7. Remedies
      3.7.1. Recaption of chattels
      3.7.2. Trespass to goods
      3.7.3. Conversion
      3.7.4. Detinue
      3.7.5. Action for damage to reversionary interest in goods
      4. Interference with Land
      4.1. Introduction
      4.2. Trespass to land
      4.2.1. What is land?
      4.2.2. nature of the plaintiff's interest in land
      4.2.3. Directness
      4.2.4. Intention
      4.2.5. Kinds of interference sufficient to constitute trespass
      4.3. Actions for damage to reversionary interest
      4.4. Defences to the tort of trespass to land
      4.4.1. Necessity
      4.4.2. Consent
      4.4.3. Lawful authority
      4.5. Remedies
      4.5.1. Damages
      4.5.2. Injunction
      4.5.3. Abatement by self-help
      5. Nuisance
      5.1. Private nuisance
      5.1.1. Interests protected: `the use and enjoyment of land'
      5.1.2. Unreasonable interference
      5.1.3. Motive
      5.1.4. Who can sue?
      5.1.5. Who can be sued?
      5.1.6. Defences
      5.1.7. Remedies
      5.1.8. Nuisance and negligence
      5.2. Public nuisance
      5.2.1. What is a public nuisance?
      5.2.2. public or a section of the public
      5.2.3. Unreasonableness
      5.2.4. Who may be sued?
      5.2.5. Remedies
      5.2.6. Defences
      5.2.7. Public nuisance and negligence
      6. Interference with Pure Economic Interests
      6.1. Introduction
      6.2. meaning of intention
      6.3. Deceit
      6.3.1. Introduction
      6.3.2. False representation
      6.3.3. Dishonesty
      6.3.4. Intention that the plaintiff will rely
      6.3.5. Reliance
      6.3.6. Damage and remedies
      6.4. Injurious falsehood
      6.4.1. Introduction
      6.4.2. Relationship with defamation
      6.4.3. False statement
      6.4.4. Publication to a third party
      6.4.5. `Malice'
      6.4.6. Damage and remedies
      6.5. Passing off
      6.5.1. Introduction
      6.5.2. standard of liability
      6.5.3. Goodwill: trading reputation
      6.5.4. Examples of misrepresentations amounting to passing off
      6.5.5. Remedies
      6.6. Misleading and deceptive conduct
      6.7. Intentionally procuring a breach of contract
      6.7.1. Elements and rationale
      6.7.2. Conduct amounting to procurement
      6.7.3. Intention to procure breach
      6.7.4. Defence of justification
      6.7.5. Remedies
      6.8. Intimidation
      6.8.1. Introduction
      6.8.2. Coercive threat of unlawful action
      6.8.3. Intention to harm the plaintiff
      6.8.4. Justification
      6.8.5. Remedies
      6.9. Conspiracy
      6.9.1. General elements of conspiracy
      6.9.2. Conspiracy by lawful means
      6.9.3. Conspiracy by unlawful means
      6.9.4. Intention to injure
      6.9.5. Justification
      6.9.6. Remedies
      6.10. Interference with trade or business by unlawful means
      6.10.1. Introduction and relationship to the other economic torts
      6.10.2. Application of unlawful means
      6.10.3. Intention to injure
      6.11. Misfeasance in a public office
      6.11.1. Introduction
      6.11.2. Public officer
      6.11.3. Excess of authority: invalid or unauthorised act
      6.11.4. required mental element
      6.11.5. Damage and remedies
      7. Defamation and Invasion of Privacy
      7.1. Introduction: defamation, reputation and freedom of speech
      7.1.1. nature of the interest in reputation
      7.1.2. Competing interests: freedom of speech
      7.2. History and modern landscape
      7.3. Liability requirement 1: defamatory matter
      7.3.1. Types of defamatory matter
      7.3.2. Defamatory meaning
      7.4. Liability requirement 2: publication
      7.4.1. What constitutes publication?
      7.4.2. Liability for publication
      7.4.3. Liability for republication
      7.4.4. Publication by non-removal of defamatory matter
      7.5. Liability requirement 3: identification of the plaintiff
      7.5.1. Matter must refer to the plaintiff
      7.5.2. Plaintiff identified by innuendo
      7.5.3. Defamation of a body or class of persons
      7.5.4. Defamation of one of two or more persons
      7.6. Defences
      7.6.1. Justification
      7.6.2. Fair comment (honest opinion)
      7.6.3. Absolute privilege
      7.6.4. Qualified privilege
      7.7. Remedies
      7.7.1. Damages
      7.7.2. Injunctions
      7.7.3. Other remedies: offers of amends, retractions, rights of reply and declarations
      7.8. invasion of privacy
      7.8.1. Introduction
      7.8.2. nature of the interests in privacy
      7.8.3. expanded law of confidence: the misuse of private information?
      7.8.4. embryonic tort?
      7.8.5. statutory cause of action?
      8. Negligence: Negligent Conduct
      8.1. Sketch of the tort of negligence
      8.2. Foreseeability, probability and the standard of care
      8.3. negligence calculus
      8.3.1. Probability
      8.3.2. Seriousness of risk
      8.3.3. Burden of precautions
      8.3.4. social utility of the risky activity
      8.3.5. Completing the equation
      8.4. Negligence as an objective standard
      8.4.1. Financial resources
      8.4.2. Physical and mental capacity
      8.4.3. Age
      8.4.4. Experience and skill
      8.5. External factors relevant to standard of care
      8.5.1. Custom and accepted standards
      8.5.2. Statutory rules and regulations
      8.5.3. Emergencies
      8.5.4. Time for assessing negligence
      8.6. Negligence as a question of fact
      8.7. Proof of negligence
      8.7.1. Inferences and credibility
      8.7.2. Onus and standard of proof
      8.7.3. Res ipsa loquitur
      8.7.4. Expert evidence
      9. Negligence and the Scope of the Obligation to Take Care: Duty of Care
      9.1. Introduction
      9.2. anatomy of duty of care
      9.2.1. General principles of duty
      9.2.2. Duty of care and foreseeability
      9.2.3. Duty categories and the scope of duty
      9.3. Physical injury and damage
      9.4. Mental harm
      9.4.1. What is mental harm?
      9.4.2. Arguments for limiting recovery
      9.4.3. Principles of liability
      9.5. Economic loss
      9.5.1. What is economic loss?
      9.5.2. Arguments for limiting recovery
      9.5.3. Three types of economic loss case
      9.6. Some specific duty issues
      9.6.1. Omissions
      9.6.2. Judicial processes
      9.6.3. Military operations
      9.6.4. Conception and birth
      9.6.5. Rescuers
      10. Negligence and the Scope of the Obligation to Take Care: Causation and Consequences
      10.1. Causation and damage
      10.2. Factual causation
      10.2.1. `but-for' test
      10.2.2. balance of probabilities test
      10.3. Attributive causation
      Contents note continued: 10.3.1. Choosing among factual causes
      10.3.2. Multiple sufficient causes
      10.3.3. Intervening causes
      10.3.4. Remoteness of damage
      10.3.5. Foreseeability in perspective
      10.3.6. Kind of damage
      10.3.7. Foreseeable harm may not fall within the scope of liability
      10.4. Statutory provisions dealing with causation and remoteness
      11. Negligence: Two Applications
      11.1. Liability of occupiers of land to visitors
      11.1.1. Background to the current law
      11.1.2. Who is an occupier?
      11.1.3. What are premises?
      11.1.4. Classes of visitors
      11.1.5. Exclusion of liability
      11.1.6. Types of dangers
      11.1.7. Recoverable loss
      11.1.8. Standard of care
      11.1.9. Conclusion
      11.2. Liability of occupiers for escape of dangerous things
      11.3. Public functions
      11.3.1. structure of negligence law
      11.3.2. role of the courts
      11.3.3. law
      12. Defences to Torts Involving Negligence
      12.1. Contributory negligence
      12.1.1. History
      12.1.2. What is contributory negligence?
      12.1.3. apportionment legislation
      12.2. Volenti non fit injuria
      12.2.1. Introduction
      12.2.2. Volenti and standard of care
      12.2.3. Volenti and exclusion of liability
      12.2.4. Assumption of risk and related defences
      12.3. Illegality
      12.3.1. Introduction
      12.3.2. Plaintiff's conduct causally independent of the tort
      12.3.3. Plaintiff's conduct causally related to the tort
      12.3.4. Statutory limitations where plaintiff is involved in illegal conduct
      12.4. Exclusion of liability
      12.4.1. Exclusion of liability by disclaimer
      12.4.2. Statutory exclusions of liability
      13. Product Liability
      13.1. Protections arising out of contractual arrangements: implied terms and guarantees
      13.2. Protection through the law of negligence
      13.2.1. duty of care
      13.2.2. standard of care
      13.2.3. Intermediate inspection
      13.2.4. Proof of negligence
      13.2.5. Damage recoverable
      13.3. Australian Consumer Law Part 3-5
      13.3.1. Introduction
      13.3.2. Who can sue and who is liable?
      13.3.3. Defect
      13.3.4. Defences
      13.3.5. Strict liability for defective products in context
      14. Liability for Animals
      14.1. Overview
      14.2. Cattle trespass
      14.3. Liability for dangerous animals: the scienter action
      14.3.1. Types of animals
      14.3.2. Strict liability
      14.3.3. Recoverable damage
      14.3.4. Defences to a scienter claim
      14.3.5. Reform
      14.4. Scienter and the statutory liability for dogs
      14.4.1. General
      14.4.2. State and territory variations
      14.4.3. Reform
      14.5. Liability for negligence
      14.6. rule in Searle v Wallbank
      14.7. Comprehensive reforms
      15. Breach of Statutory Duty
      15.1. nature of the liability
      15.2. When will an action for damages lie?
      15.2.1. Not all duties are actionable
      15.2.2. legislature's approach
      15.2.3. courts' approach
      15.3. Delegated legislation
      15.4. scope of the duty
      15.5. required standard of conduct
      15.6. Causation
      15.7. Defences
      15.7.1. Contributory negligence
      15.7.2. Volenti non fit injuria
      15.7.3. Illegality
      16. Damages
      16.1. Basic principles of damages
      16.1.1. once-and-for-all rule
      16.1.2. compensation principle
      16.1.3. Non-compensatory damages
      16.2. Assessment of compensatory damages: general matters
      16.2.1. Division into pretrial/settlement and post-trial/settlement
      16.2.2. Interest
      16.2.3. Victim's duty to mitigate loss
      16.2.4. Method of calculating damages for future losses
      16.3. Damages for personal injury
      16.3.1. Pecuniary losses
      16.3.2. Non-pecuniary losses
      16.3.3. Itemisation of damages and overlapping
      16.3.4. Collateral benefits and offsetting
      16.4. Actions based on injury to another person
      16.4.1. Loss of an employee's services
      16.4.2. Loss of consortium and domestic services
      16.5. Actions arising on death
      16.5.1. Fatal accidents
      16.5.2. Survival of actions
      16.6. puzzle: compensatory damages without loss?
      16.7. Damages for property damage and pure economic loss
      16.7.1. Preliminary points: discounts, tax and date of assessment
      16.7.2. Destruction of and damage to chattels
      16.7.3. Damage to real property
      16.7.4. Economic loss resulting from negligent statements and financial services
      17. Vicarious Liability
      17.1. Introduction
      17.2. Relationships importing vicarious liability
      17.3. Employer and employee (master and servant)
      17.3.1. Indicia for determining whether the worker is an employee or an independent contractor
      17.3.2. General approach
      17.3.3. Terms of the contract consistent with contract of service
      17.4. Other tests for determining the worker's status
      17.4.1. organisation test
      17.4.2. independent business test
      17.5. Challenges to the traditional classification
      17.6. Liability for acts of non-employees
      17.6.1. Strict liability
      17.6.2. Non-delegable duties
      17.6.3. Justification for imposing liability
      17.7. Principal and agent
      17.8. Other relationships
      17.9. Nexus between relationship and act
      17.9.1. Employees
      17.9.2. Agents
      17.9.3. Independent contractors
      17.10. Express prohibitions
      17.11. act for which liability is imposed
      17.12. employer's indemnity
      17.13. Statutory vicarious liability for volunteers and `Good Samaritans'
      18. Multiple Tortfeasors: Liability and Contribution
      18.1. liability of multiple tortfeasors
      18.1.1. Basic concepts
      18.1.2. Joint tortfeasors: the effect of judgment and release
      18.1.3. Criticisms of solidary liability
      18.1.4. Proportionate liability
      18.1.5. Liability of several tortfeasors for distinct damage
      18.2. Contribution between tortfeasors
      18.2.1. right to contribution
      18.2.2. assessment of contribution
      18.2.3. Proposals for reform
      19. Limitation of Actions
      19.1. When does time begin to run?
      19.1.1. What is the gist damage?
      19.1.2. When does the gist damage occur?
      19.1.3. Latent damage
      19.2. limitation period.
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