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    Contract formation : law and practice / Michael Furmston, G.J. Tolhurst ; contributor, Eliza Mik.

    • Title:Contract formation : law and practice / Michael Furmston, G.J. Tolhurst ; contributor, Eliza Mik.
    •    
    • Author/Creator:Furmston, M. P., author.
    • Other Contributors/Collections:Tolhurst, Greg, author.
      Mik, Eliza, contributor.
    • Published/Created:Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2016.
    • Holdings

       
    • Library of Congress Subjects:Contracts.
      Offer and acceptance.
      Declaration of intention.
      Culpa in contrahendo.
    • Edition:Second edition.
    • Description:li, 443 pages ; 26 cm
    • Summary:This new and updated edition provides a scholarly and practical analysis of the legal principles which govern the formation of contracts in English law, offering those involved in litigation and in drafting contracts a guide to the application of those principles in practice. The book comprehensively reviews all the classical rules governing contract formation with extensive coverage of difficult areas such as certainty, conditional contracts, good faith negotiations, auctions, tenders, on-line contracting and the assessment of conduct and silence in contract formation. It also discusses the efficacy, problems and rules around modern contracting, in particular the use of heads of agreement, letters of intent, letters of comfort and the methods of resolving a battle of the forms. In this second edition a chapter has been added on consideration and estoppel. Although this work is based on English law, the authors draw upon decisions in other jurisdictions such as Australia, Canada, the United States, Singapore and New Zealand, where these inform the development of principles in English law.
    • Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
    • ISBN:9780198724032 hardback
      0198724039 hardback
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: A. Introduction
      B. Objective Theory of Contract and Formation
      C. Concept of Agreement
      D. Contract Formation: An Issue of Fact or Law?
      A. General Considerations
      B. Identifying an Offer
      What constitutes an offer
      Requirements of a valid offer
      Commitment
      Certainty of terms
      Specified addressees
      Conclusion
      C. Communication of Offer
      A. Termination
      Introduction
      Lapse of time
      Delay in the communication of an offer
      Death of the offeror or offeree
      Failure of a contingency
      Rejection and counter-offer
      B. Revocation of Offers
      General rule
      Need for communication
      Practical problems with the general principle
      Circumventing the general principle
      Estoppel and the protection of reliance
      two-contract approach
      Modification of the rules applying to unilateral contracts
      A. Introduction
      B. Objective Theory
      C. Manner of Acceptance
      Prescribed manner of acceptance
      No prescribed manner of acceptance
      Acceptance by conduct
      Time of acceptance
      D. Who May Accept an Offer?
      E. Offeree Must Accept with Knowledge of the Offer
      F. Offeree Must Intend to Accept Offer
      G. Correspondence with Offer
      H. Acceptance Must Be Unequivocal
      I. Acceptance Must Be Communicated
      Introduction
      Offeror waiving need for communication
      J. Silence and Acceptance
      K. Instantaneous Communications and the Postal Acceptance Rule
      Instantaneous communications
      postal acceptance rule
      L. Standard Form Contracting and the 'Battle of the Forms'
      'battle of the forms' defined
      application of contract law principles to a battle of the forms
      different approach?
      Conclusions
      A. Auctions
      B. Reserve Prices
      C. Tenders
      A. Introduction
      B. Intention and Consideration
      C. Is There an Offer?
      Another challenge to objectivity-hypertext
      What are the contents of the offer/contract?
      D. Is There Acceptance?
      Method of acceptance
      Effectiveness of acceptance
      A. Cases Where the Letters of Intent Do Not Create a Contract
      B. Cases Where Letters of Intent Do Create a Contract
      C. Cases Where the Letters of Intent Have Some Legal Effect
      Letters of intent followed by performance
      D. Letters of Comfort
      E. Agreements Imposing Obligations as to the Course of the Negotiations
      A. Letters of Intent-Some Practical Considerations
      B. Possible Ways of Delaying Legal Effect of Letters of Intent
      C. Letters of Intent and Partially Completed Negotiations
      D. Agreements to Negotiate in Good Faith
      E. Refusal to Negotiate
      F. Starting Work
      A. Introduction
      B. 'Construction' of 'Subject to' Clauses
      C. 'Subject to Contract'
      Introduction
      legal effect of a 'subject to contract' provision
      No intention to be bound
      Intention to be immediately bound and to perform when the time for performance accrues
      Intention to be immediately bound but performance is suspended until a formal contract is executed
      Intention to be immediately bound but contract to be replaced with a more formal document
      D. 'Subject to Finance'
      Introduction
      efficacy of 'subject to finance' clauses
      obligations of the buyer
      E. Other 'Subject to' Clauses
      obligations of the parties
      F. Time for the Occurrence of Contingency
      G. Waiver
      H. Consequences of the Failure of a Condition
      A. Intention to Contract
      Introduction
      use of presumptions
      presumptions and threshold intention
      Consideration and intention to contract
      Family and social agreements
      Commercial agreements
      B. Letters of Comfort
      A. Introduction
      Formation and the relevance of certainty and completeness
      Intention to contract
      Overriding concern and principle
      B. Uncertainty
      Introduction
      Uncertain terms and illusory terms
      Uncertainty and ambiguity
      C. Incompleteness
      D. Agreements to Agree and Agreements to Negotiate
      Agreements to agree
      Agreements to negotiate
      E. Methods by Which the Courts and the Parties Resolve Uncertainty and Incompleteness
      Introduction
      Standard of reasonableness
      External standard
      Performance and reliance
      Terms of the contract
      Terms to be implied in fact, law, or custom
      Severance
      A. Introduction
      B. History
      Early history
      eighteenth century
      C. Function and Definition
      D. Adequacy of Consideration
      E. Nominal Consideration
      F. Consideration Must Be Sufficient
      G. Consideration Must Be Referable to the Promise
      H. Consideration Must Move From the Promisee (But Not Necessarily to the Promisor)
      I. Past Consideration is Not Consideration
      J. Consideration Must Not Be Illusory
      K. Performing Existing Legal Duties
      Duties imposed by law
      Contractual duties
      Promise to perform contractual duty to third party
      L. Part Payment of a Debt is Not Consideration for a Promise to Discharge Debt
      M. Exceptions to the Consideration Rules
      N. Estoppel
      meaning of estoppel
      Types of estoppel
      Promissory estoppel
      A. Introduction
      issue
      genesis of the duty of good faith
      Content of the duty
      B. Role of Good Faith
      Introduction
      preservative function
      Pre-contractual liability
      C. Conclusion
      A. Liability in Contract
      B. Quantum Meruit
      C. Estoppel.
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