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    The law of rescission / Dominic O'Sullivan, Steven Elliott and Rafal Zakrzewski.

    • Title:The law of rescission / Dominic O'Sullivan, Steven Elliott and Rafal Zakrzewski.
    •    
    • Author/Creator:O'Sullivan, Dominic, 1971- author.
    • Other Contributors/Collections:Elliott, Steven Ballantyne, author.
      Zakrzewski, Rafal, 1973- author.
    • Published/Created:Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press, 2014.
    • Holdings

       
    • Library of Congress Subjects:Rescission (Law)--England.
      Rescission (Law)--Wales.
      Rescission (Law)
    • Edition:Second edition.
    • Description:lxxii, 614 pages ; 26 cm
    • Notes:Previous edition: 2008.
      Includes bibliographical references and index.
    • ISBN:9780199665051 (hbk.)
      0199665052 (hbk.)
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: 1. Core Distinctions
      A. Introduction 1.01
      B. Termination Ab Initio and De Futuro 1.06
      1. Nature and basis of the distinction 1.07
      2. Termination ab initio: effects on contractual rights and obligations 1.14
      3. Termination de futuro: effects on contractual rights and obligations 1.20
      4. Termination ab initio and de futuro: rights to restitution 1.23
      5. Terminology 1.31
      C. Void and Voidable Contracts 1.35
      1. Void and voidable contracts 1.36
      2. Contracts valid until rescinded and contracts ineffective until ratified 1.39
      3. Transfer of title 1.45
      4. Recovery of benefits 1.49
      D. Rescission and Transactions Ineffective in Equity 1.57
      1. Introduction 1.57
      2. Where the claimant is not a party to the impugned transaction 1.67
      3. Where the claimant is a party to the impugned transaction 1.70
      4. Bribes 1.85
      5. Apparent gifts made ineffective by resulting trust 1.88
      6. Other ineffective transactions 1.89
      2. Rescission and Independent Claims
      A. Introduction 2.01
      B. Damages 2.03
      C. Equitable Compensation 2.10
      D. Disgorgement of Profits 2.14
      1. Distinction between profit-based remedies and rescission 2.16
      2. Proprietary relief absent rescission 2.24
      3. Personal accountability for profits absent rescission 2.27
      3. Historical Foundations
      A. Introduction 3.01
      B. Common Law 3.04
      1. effect of fraud on contract 3.05
      2. effect of fraud on title 3.06
      3. Rescission as a condition to restitution 3.16
      4. Termination de futuro and ab initio 3.30
      5. Role of the forms of action 3.33
      C. Equity 3.34
      1. Introduction 3.34
      2. Orders effecting rescission 3.37
      3. effect of fraud on contract 3.40
      4. effect of fraud on title 3.42
      5. Rescission by election 3.53
      D. Special Case of Insurance 3.55
      1. Special relationship between common law and equity 3.56
      2. Chancery courts' policy of limited interference 3.59
      3. Change from 'void' to 'voidable' 3.63
      4. Misrepresentation
      A. Introduction 4.01
      B. Types of Misrepresentation: Fraudulent, Negligent, Innocent 4.04
      1. Nature of fraudulent misrepresentation 4.05
      2. Importance of the distinction outside law of rescission 4.09
      3. Importance in relation to rescission 4.10
      4. Special vulnerability of contracts to rescission for fraud 4.13
      C. Representation 4.17
      1. Representations of existing fact and of law 4.17
      2. Representation may be a contractual term 4.20
      3. Representation may be express or implied 4.26
      4. Passing on information generally not a representation 4.28
      5. Silence generally not a representation 4.29
      6. Sources of implied representations 4.32
      7. Determining what was represented (expressly and impliedly) 4.39
      8. What are not representations 4.44
      9. Materiality of the representation 4.62
      D. Representation must be Made by the Representor to the Representee 4.74
      1. Those by whom the representation may be made 4.74
      2. Those to whom the representation must be made 4.76
      E. Representation must be False 4.81
      1. Substantial correctness sufficient 4.83
      2. Representation must be false at the time of reliance 4.88
      3. Continuing representations and changes of circumstances 4.90
      F. Representation must be Relied On 4.100
      1. Reliance and inducement: a question of causation 4.100
      2. Ambiguous statements or conduct 4.103
      3. Causation: fraudulent misrepresentation 4.104
      4. Causation: non-fraudulent misrepresentation 4.105
      5. Presumption of reliance and onus of proof 4.110
      6. Examples of non-reliance on a false representation 4.114
      7. Opportunity to discover truth does not disprove reliance 4.119
      8. Subsequent transactions 4.121
      5. Non-Disclosure
      A. Introduction 5.01
      B. No General Duty of Disclosure 5.02
      1. Exceptional cases where non-disclosure permits rescission 5.04
      C. Course of Dealings where Disclosure is Required 5.10
      1. Misrepresentation by silence 5.10
      2. Unilateral mistake 5.11
      D. Relationships where Disclosure is Required 5.12
      1. Fiduciary relationships 5.12
      2. Family arrangements 5.14
      3. Relationships of trust and confidence 5.19
      E. Transactions where Disclosure is Required 5.22
      1. Insurance 5.22
      2. Guarantees and suretyship 5.34
      3. Prospective partnerships 5.51
      4. Compromises 5.52
      5. Sales of land 5.58
      6. Duress and Undue Influence
      A. Introduction 6.01
      B. Duress 6.05
      1. Introduction 6.05
      2. First requirement: illegitimate pressure 6.09
      3. Second requirement: coercion in the sense of no practical choice or alternative 6.46
      4. Third requirement: causation 6.61
      C. Undue Influence 6.75
      1. Introduction 6.75
      2. Two ways of proving undue influence 6.76
      3. Actual undue influence: undue influence proved directly 6.80
      4. Presumed undue influence: undue influence proved with the assistance of a presumption 6.94
      5. Severable transactions 6.120
      7. Mistake, Impaired Capacity, and Unconscionable Bargains
      A. Introduction 7.01
      B. Mistake 7.02
      1. Common mistake: not a ground for rescission 7.07
      2. Unilateral mistake 7.11
      3. Special doctrines of rescission for mistake 7.21
      C. Impaired Capacity: Mental Infirmity and Intoxication 7.35
      1. Mental infirmity 7.39
      2. Drunkenness or intoxication 7.58
      D. Unconscionable Bargains: Exploitation 7.62
      1. First requirement: serious disadvantage relative to the counterparty 7.68
      2. Second requirement: weakness exploited in morally culpable manner 7.73
      3. Third requirement: transaction overreaching and oppressive 7.82
      4. Possible defence: counterparty shows that transaction was fair, just, and reasonable 7.86
      5. Role of independent advice 7.90
      6. Other Commonwealth jurisdictions 7.96
      8. Conflict of Interest
      A. Introduction 8.01
      B. Transactions with Fiduciaries 8.03
      1. Nature and basis of the fair-dealing rule 8.05
      2. Scope of the fair-dealing rule 8.11
      3. Compliance with the fair-dealing rule 8.17
      4. Causation irrelevant 8.34
      C. Transactions Mediated by Fiduciaries 8.35
      1. Double employment 8.36
      2. Bribery 8.51
      9. Third Party Wrongdoing
      A. Introduction 9.01
      B. Contracts 9.03
      C. Surety Contracts 9.07
      D. Gratuitous Dispositions 9.21
      10. Common Law, Equity, and Fusion
      A. Introduction 10.01
      B. Persistence of the Distinction between Rescission at Law and in Equity 10.03
      1. Absence of fusion 10.03
      2. principle that rules of equity prevail 10.10
      3. Reform 10.15
      C. Overview of the Distinctions between Rescission at Law and in Equity 10.20
      1. Introduction 10.20
      2. Grounds for rescission 10.23
      3. Bars to rescission 10.30
      4. Differences between rescinding at law and in equity 10.34
      5. Interaction between the common law and equitable doctrines 10.39
      11. Electing to Rescind
      A. Introduction 11.01
      B. How an Election to Rescind is Made 11.03
      1. Communicating an unequivocal intention to disaffirm 11.03
      2. Conduct must be unequivocal 11.12
      3. Disaffirming by pleading 11.16
      4. need for communication 11.27
      5. Rescission as a defence 11.38
      6. Need for a tender or return of benefits at the time of electing 11.45
      7. Special requirements when defending a call on shares 11.47
      C. Transactions Voidable at Law 11.50
      1. Election effects rescission 11.50
      2. Election to rescind irrevocable 11.54
      D. Transactions Voidable only in Equity 11.56
      1. Summary 11.56
      2. Historical context 11.59
      3. 'rescission by election' line of authority 11.64
      4. 'rescission by court order' line of authority 11.82
      5. Other common law jurisdictions 11.93
      6. Conclusions 11.103
      7. Whether election to rescind is irrevocable 11.109
      12. Extinction of the Contract
      A. Introduction 12.01
      B. Rescission at Common Law 12.04
      C. Rescission in Equity 12.07
      1. Contract set aside by court order 12.07
      2. Contract set aside by election? 12.11
      3. Discretion to grant rescission 12.22
      13. General Principles of Restitutio in Integrum
      A. Objective 13.01
      B. Judicial Discretion 13.07
      C. Heretical Approaches 13.14
      D. Retrospective Effects 13.26
      1. Introduction 13.26
      2. Contractual rights 13.27
      3. Property rights 13.29
      4. Fiscal consequences 13.32
      5. Contribution under the Marine Insurance Act 1906 13.33
      6. Interest and income 13.34
      E. Other cases 13.35
      1. Replacement contracts 13.35
      2. Contract terminated by agreement 13.36
      14. Mutual Restitution: Rescission at Law
      A. Introduction 14.01
      B. Restitution of Benefits Transferred 14.02
      1. Nature of the right to restitution 14.02
      2. Restitution of property transferred 14.03
      3. Substitutive restitution of property transferred 14.29
      4. Restitution for money paid 14.36
      5. Restitution for services provided 14.41
      C. Counter-restitution of Benefits Received 14.45
      1. Nature of the obligation to make counter-restitution 14.45
      2. need for a return or tender of benefits received 14.52
      3. Security for counter-restitution 14.66
      4. Counter-restitution of property received 14.69
      5. Counter-restitution for money received 14.76
      6. Counter-restitution for services received 14.84
      15. Mutual Restitution: Rescission in Equity
      A. Introduction 15.01
      Contents note continued: B. Restitution of Benefits Transferred 15.03
      1. Nature of the right to restitution 15.03
      2. Restitution of property transferred 15.04
      3. Substitutive restitution of property transferred 15.14
      4. Restitution for money paid 15.33
      5. Restitution for services provided 15.39
      C. Counter-restitution of Benefits Received 15.44
      1. Nature of the obligation to make counter-restitution 15.45
      2. Counter-restitution of property received 15.61
      3. Counter-restitution for money received 15.63
      4. Counter-restitution for services received 15.65
      D. Equitable Rescission by Election 15.67
      1. Restitution 15.67
      2. Counter-restitution 15.71
      16. Proprietary Claims
      A. Introduction 16.01
      B. Proprietary Claims upon Rescission at Law 16.02
      1. Property 16.02
      2. Money 16.05
      3. Tracing into substitutes 16.10
      C. Proprietary Claims upon Equitable Rescission 16.12
      1. Title passes pending rescission 16.12
      2. Recovering title 16.18
      3. When does disaffirmation confer an equitable interest? 16.23
      4. Retrospective equitable title 16.39
      5. Proprietary claims in respect of money paid 16.42
      6. Nature of the proprietary interest arising upon equitable rescission 16.55
      17. Financial Adjustments
      A. Introduction 17.01
      B. Restitution and Counter-restitution 17.02
      1. Benefits derived from land and chattels 17.03
      2. Joint acquisitions 17.14
      3. Interest 17.15
      4. Indemnity 17.23
      5. Offsetting equivalent benefits 17.30
      C. Compensation 17.32
      1. Improvements and repairs 17.35
      2. Deterioration and depreciation 17.55
      3. Irrelevant detriments 17.61
      18. Restitutio in Integrum Impossible
      A. Basic Principles 18.01
      1. Purpose of the bar 18.03
      2. role of fault 18.09
      3. role of delay 18.12
      B. Bar at Law and in Equity 18.17
      1. bar at law 18.18
      2. bar in equity 18.27
      3. Persistence of the distinction 18.30
      C. Where Counter-restitution Not Required 18.33
      D. Counter-restitution and Unavailable Assets 18.47
      1. Counter-restitution impossible 18.47
      2. Substitutive counter-restitution 18.51
      3. future of substitutive counter-restitution 18.61
      E. Counter-restitution: Miscellaneous Issues 18.76
      1. Possession, occupation, and use of asset 18.76
      2. Asset changed 18.84
      3. Asset depreciated owing to market decline 18.92
      4. Services 18.98
      5. Other intangible benefits 18.101
      6. Money 18.102
      F. Prejudicial Change of Circumstances 18.105
      1. Unjustified prejudice 18.106
      2. Money committed to joint purposes 18.117
      3. Reversible change of circumstances 18.118
      G. Miscellaneous Issues 18.120
      1. Date of assessment 18.120
      2. Onus of proof 18.123
      19. Partial Rescission
      A. Introduction 19.01
      B. Partial Rescission 19.02
      C. Rescission Against Third Party Wrongdoers 19.08
      D. Rescission on Terms 19.15
      E. Rescission on Terms Elsewhere in the Commonwealth 19.24
      F. Comment 19.32
      20. Intervention of Third Party Rights
      A. Introduction 20.01
      B. Protection of Third Party Property Rights 20.06
      1. bar at law 20.09
      2. bar in equity 20.23
      C. Protection of Other Third Party Rights 20.28
      1. Multilateral contracts 20.31
      2. Contracts relating to the subject matter of the voidable transaction 20.34
      3. winding-up bar 20.37
      21. Remote Recipients
      A. Introduction 21.01
      B. Remote Recipients Vulnerable to Rescission 21.03
      1. Volunteers 21.04
      2. Those taking with notice 21.08
      3. Assignee of a chose in action 21.22
      4. Crossed cheques 21.27
      C. Nature of the Claim 21.29
      1. Basis of the claim against volunteers and those taking with notice 21.29
      2. Basis of the claim against assignees of a chose in action 21.31
      3. No new claim to rescind upon disposition to remote recipient 21.35
      4. Need to rescind original transaction 21.36
      5. Remote recipient in no better position than original transferee 21.37
      D. Consequences of Recovery 21.40
      1. Avoidance of original contract 21.41
      2. No avoidance of contract with the remote recipient 21.42
      3. Restitution from the original transferee 21.43
      4. Counter-restitution to the original transferee 21.45
      5. Restitution from the remote recipient 21.48
      6. No counter-restitution to the remote recipient 21.50
      7. Remote recipient's rights against his transferor 21.54
      E. Protection of Bona Fide Purchasers 21.55
      1. Common law and equitable doctrines of bona fide purchase 21.55
      2. Protection of purchaser of legal title 21.63
      3. Protection of purchaser of equitable title 21.64
      4. Onus of proof 21.71
      22. Succeeding to Rights to Rescind
      A. Introduction 22.01
      B. Devolution on Death 22.05
      C. Settlements 22.08
      D. Assignment and Conveyance 22.09
      23. Affirmation
      A. Introduction 23.01
      B. Nature and Justification 23.04
      1. Juristic nature 23.04
      2. Justification 23.09
      C. Affirming Party must be Free from the Vitiating Factor 23.13
      1. Pressure and exploitation 23.13
      2. Misrepresentation, mistake, and non-disclosure 23.17
      D. Need for Awareness of Right to Rescind 23.34
      1. Uncertainty as to whether electing party must know rights 23.34
      2. Awareness of rights probably required in England 23.39
      3. Awareness of rights probably not required in Australia 23.41
      4. What must be known 23.50
      5. Deliberately failing to inquire into rights 23.51
      6. Proving knowledge of rights 23.52
      E. Communication 23.54
      F. Unequivocal Words or Conduct 23.58
      1. General principle 23.58
      2. Application of the general principle 23.61
      3. Effect of reservation of rights 23.85
      4. Possibility of affirming after an election to rescind 23.89
      G. Intention to Affirm is not Required 23.90
      1. General rule 23.90
      2. Where affirming conduct is not known to other party 23.93
      3. Relation to awareness of rights 23.94
      H. Affirmation is Generally Irrevocable 23.95
      1. General rule 23.95
      2. Exception where subsequent discovery of new ground for rescission 23.96
      I. Onus of Proof and Pleading 23.102
      1. Onus of proof 23.102
      2. Pleading 23.103
      24. Delay and Estoppel
      A. Introduction 24.01
      B. Different Doctrines Engaged by Delay 24.03
      1. Waiver by affirmation and by acquiescence 24.03
      2. Laches 24.14
      3. Statute of limitations applied directly 24.22
      4. Statute of limitations applied by analogy 24.25
      5. Mere lapse of time 24.37
      C. When Delay Bars Rescission 24.38
      1. Freedom from the vitiating factor 24.38
      2. Need for awareness of rights 24.57
      3. Unreasonable delay after emancipation from the vitiating factor 24.64
      4. What amounts to unreasonable delay 24.71
      5. significance of prejudice 24.109
      D. Estoppel 24.116
      25. Bankruptcy and Winding Up
      A. Introduction 25.01
      B. Bankruptcy and Winding Up Generally 25.02
      1. No general bar to rescission 25.02
      2. Supervening bankruptcy: rescinding to assert a proprietary claim 25.04
      3. Supervening bankruptcy: rescinding to assert a personal claim 25.06
      4. Rescission as a defence against the trustee in bankruptcy 25.09
      5. Contracting with an undischarged bankrupt 25.10
      6. Whether right to rescind survives discharge from bankruptcy 25.15
      7. Winding up 25.16
      C. Winding Up as a Bar to Shareholder's Rescission 25.19
      1. Introduction 25.19
      2. bar 25.22
      3. Rationale 25.29
      4. Scope 25.40
      5. When winding up commences 25.60
      6. Operation of the bar before winding up 25.61
      7. Steps to be taken to prevent the bar operating 25.67
      8. Statutory exceptions 25.75
      26. Contracting Out
      A. Introduction 26.01
      B. General Law 26.02
      1. Introduction 26.02
      2. Types of clauses 26.03
      3. Entire agreement clauses 26.04
      4. No representation clauses 26.06
      5. Non-reliance clauses 26.09
      C. Misrepresentation Act 1967 26.12
      1. Section 3 of the Misrepresentation Act 1967 26.13
      2. Scope of section 3 of the Misrepresentation Act 1967 26.14
      3. Requirement of reasonableness 26.23
      D. Consumer Protection Legislation 26.34
      27. Bars for Non-Fraudulent Misrepresentation
      A. Introduction 27.01
      B. Transfer of Title to Real Property 27.05
      1. Nature of the bar 27.05
      2. Abolition of the bar in England and Wales 27.10
      3. Partial abolition of the bar in Australia 27.12
      4. Abolition of the bar in New Zealand 27.13
      5. Canada 27.14
      C. Transfer of Title to Personal Property 27.16
      1. Nature of the bar 27.16
      2. Abolition of the bar in England and Wales 27.26
      3. Australia 27.27
      4. New Zealand 27.29
      5. Canada 27.30
      D. Incorporation as a Contractual Term 27.32
      1. Nature of the bar 27.32
      2. Abolition of the bar in England and Wales 27.35
      3. Australia 27.36
      4. New Zealand 27.40
      5. Canada 27.41
      E. Contracts for the Sale of Goods 27.42
      1. Bar on rescinding all sales of goods 27.42
      2. Rescission barred when contractual right to reject is lost 27.48
      28. Disproportionate Effect: Section 2(2) of the Misrepresentation Act 1967
      A. Introduction 28.01
      B. Conditions to the Exercise of the Power 28.06
      C. Grounds on which the Power may be Exercised 28.11
      D. Measure of Damages 28.15
      E. Disproportionate Effect in the General Law 28.30
      29. Gifts and Deeds
      A. Introduction 29.01
      Contents note continued: B. Gifts 29.02
      1. How gifts are made 29.02
      2. Void gifts 29.08
      3. Discretion to reject and to reclaim a gift 29.13
      4. Special vulnerability of gifts to rescission 29.15
      5. Significance of how the gift is made and what is given 29.24
      6. Gifts made by conduct 29.27
      7. Gifts made by deed 29.40
      8. Dispositions of another's assets: powers of appointment 29.52
      9. Gifts and theft 29.55
      10. Assimilation of gifts to disadvantageous contracts 29.56
      C. Deeds 29.63
      1. Introduction 29.64
      2. Duress 29.68
      3. Fraud 29.72
      4. Cancellation of deeds 29.83.
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