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Australian intellectual property law / Mark J. Davison, Ann L. Monotti, Leanne Wiseman.
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Title:Australian intellectual property law / Mark J. Davison, Ann L. Monotti, Leanne Wiseman.
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Author/Creator:Davison, Mark J.
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Other Contributors/Collections:Monotti, Ann Louise.
Wiseman, Leanne, 1964-
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Published/Created:Port Melbourne, Vic. : Cambridge University Press, 2012.
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Holdings
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Location:LAW LIBRARY (level 3)Where is this?
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Call Number: KU1100 .D38 2012
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Number of Items:1
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Status:Available
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Location:LAW LIBRARY (level 3)Where is this?
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Library of Congress Subjects:Intellectual property--Australia.
Patent laws and legislation--Australia.
Trademarks--Law and legislation--Australia.
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Edition:2nd ed.
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Description:lxxxii, 669 p. ; 23 cm
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Notes:Previous ed.: 2008.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
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ISBN:9781107636033 (pbk)
1107636035 (pbk)
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Contents:Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction
1.1. nature of intellectual property
1.2. Theory of intellectual property
1.2.1. `property' in intellectual property
1.2.2. Natural or personality rights
1.2.3. Incentive to create and disseminate
1.2.4. Protection for investment
1.2.5. Rent seeking
1.2.6. combination of all the above
1.3. intellectual property regimes
1.3.1. Passing off
1.3.2. Registered trade marks
1.3.3. Copyright and related rights
1.3.4. Designs
1.3.5. Confidential information
1.3.6. Patents
1.3.7. Plant breeder's rights
1.4. Impact of new technology
1.5. Internationalisation of intellectual property
1.5.1. WIPO
1.5.2. TRIPS (1994)
1.5.3. Bilateral agreements
1.5.4. Harmonisation of intellectual property procedures
1.6. Intellectual property in Australia
1.6.1. History of Australian intellectual property law
1.6.2. Constitutional law issues
1.7. Scheme of the book
2. Passing off
2.1. History of passing off
2.1.1. Common law and passing off
2.1.2. Equity and passing off
2.2. Elements of passing off
2.3. reputation of the plaintiff
2.3.1. Location of reputation
2.3.2. Ownership of reputation
2.3.3. Joint ownership of reputation
2.3.4. Dual ownership: honest concurrent user and use of own name
2.3.5. Reputation in descriptive words and insignia: secondary meanings
2.3.6. Reputation in packaging and appearance
2.3.7. Reputation of marketing image
2.3.8. Reputation in personality
2.3.9. Abandonment of reputation
2.4. misrepresentation
2.4.1. Misrepresentation, confusion and deception
2.4.2. target of the representation
2.4.3. Misrepresentations of the trade origin of goods
2.4.4. Different quality of goods
2.4.5. Character merchandising
2.5. Passing off and the internet
2.5.1. Domain names
2.5.2. Australian passing off cases and the internet
2.5.3. Uniform dispute resolution policy
2.5.4. Australian uniform dispute resolution policy
2.5.5. Framing
2.5.6. Meta-tags
2.5.7. Pop-up advertisements when internet searching
2.6. Effect of disclaimers
2.7. holistic perspective
2.8. Damage
2.9. Statutory causes of action
2.9.1. Application of the legislation
2.9.2. `In trade or commerce'
2.9.3. `Engage in conduct'
2.9.4. `Misleading or deceptive'
2.10. Comparison with passing off
2.10.1. Sections 29, 33 and 34 of sch 2
2.10.2. Injurious falsehood
2.11. Comparison with Europe and the United States
2.12. Remedies
3. Registered trade marks
3.1. History of registered trade marks
3.2. Drawbacks of passing off
3.3. Functions of trade marks
3.3.1. Reducing search costs
3.3.2. Managing property interests
3.4. Overview of the registration process
3.5. Definition of a trade mark
3.6. Definition of a sign
3.6.1. Aspect of packaging, shape
3.6.2. Colour
3.6.3. Sounds
3.6.4. Scents
3.7. `Used or intended to be used'
3.7.1. Unconditional intention
3.7.2. Objective test of intention
3.7.3. Use by others
3.8. Distinguishing goods or services
3.8.1. `Dealt with or provided'
3.8.2. `In the course of trade'
3.8.3. `By a person'
3.9. Ownership
3.9.1. First use in Australia
3.9.2. Distributorship arrangements
3.9.3. Creation or adoption of an overseas trade mark
3.9.4. Persons who can own a trade mark
3.10. Certification trade marks
3.10.1. Requirements for registration
3.10.2. Certification by other means
3.11. Collective trade marks
3.12. Defensive trade marks
3.13. Overview of requirements at examination of standard trade mark applications
3.14. National signs not to be used as trade marks
3.15. Signs prescribed under s 39(2)
3.16. Trade mark cannot be represented graphically (s 40)
3.17. Trade mark not able to be distinguished (s 41)
3.17.1. Inherent distinctiveness
3.17.2. Partial inherent distinctiveness: use and intended use
3.17.3. Distinctiveness through use
3.17.4. Functional shapes
3.17.5. Colour trade marks
3.18. Scandalous trade marks
3.19. Use contrary to law
3.20. Deceptive or confusing trade marks
3.21. Trade marks identical or similar to existing trade marks
3.21.1. Substantially identical with
3.21.2. Or deceptively similar to
3.21.3. context of the comparison
3.21.4. Similar goods
3.21.5. Similar services
3.21.6. Closely related goods and services
3.21.7. global assessment
3.22. Honest concurrent user
3.23. Prior continuous user
3.24. Other legislation
3.24.1. Protection of sporting events
3.24.2. Business names
3.24.3. Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation Amendment Act 1993 (Cth)
3.24.4. Protection for particular industries
3.25. Overview of grounds of opposition
3.26. Another trade mark's prior reputation (s 60)
3.26.1. Relationship with honest concurrent user and prior continuous user provisions
3.27. Geographical indications (s 61)
3.27.1. Definition of a geographical indication
3.27.2. Interpretation of s 61
3.27.3. Exceptions to s 61(1)
3.28. Application made in bad faith
3.29. Overview of rectification of the Register
3.30. Amendment or cancellation by Registrar
3.31. Overview of rectification by the court
3.31.1. Aggrieved person
3.32. Errors and omissions (s 85)
3.33. Contravention of conditions or limits (s 86)
3.34. Effect of ss 24 and 25 on s 87
3.35. Cancellation, removal or amendment (s 88(2))
3.36. Transitional provisions and presumptive validity
3.36.1. Fraud
3.36.2. Contrary to s 28 of the repealed legislation
3.36.3. Not distinctive when proceedings commence
3.37. General discretion not to rectify
3.38. Grounds for opposition
3.39. Fraud, false suggestion or misrepresentation
3.40. Use likely to deceive or cause confusion
3.41. Rectification not granted if registered owner not at fault
3.42. Removal for non-use
3.42.1. General discretion
3.42.2. Changes to non-use under Trade Marks Amendment Act 2006 (Cth)
4. Exploitation of registered trade marks
4.1. Overview of infringement of trade marks
4.1.1. Use as a trade mark
4.1.2. Use as descriptive term rather than trade mark
4.1.3. Sign used to distinguish goods and services from others
4.1.4. Substantially identical with or deceptively similar to
4.1.5. Relevance of the defendant's conduct
4.1.6. Relevance of the plaintiff's trade mark's reputation
4.2. Section 120(1)
4.2.1. goods or services for which the trade mark is registered
4.3. Section 120(2)
4.4. Section 120(3)
4.4.1. Anti-dilution
4.4.2. Well known
4.4.3. Used in relation to unrelated goods or services
4.4.4. Indicating a connection with the owner
4.4.5. Owner's interests adversely affected
4.4.6. Anti-dilution or passing off?
4.4.7. Comparison with passing off
4.5. Oral use of a trade mark
4.6. Two-dimensional device infringed by three-dimensional shape
4.7. Parallel importing
4.7.1. Parallel importing and licensees
4.7.2. Parallel importing and passing off
4.8. Second-hand goods
4.9. Trade mark infringement and the internet
4.10. Section 121: breach of certain restrictions
4.11. Groundless threats of legal proceedings
4.12. Acts not constituting infringement
4.12.1. In good faith
4.12.2. Good faith use of a name (s 122(1)(a))
4.12.3. Good faith use of a sign (s 122(1)(b))
4.12.4. Good faith used to indicate purpose (s 122(1)(c))
4.12.5. Use of trade mark for comparative advertising (s 122(1)(d))
4.12.6. Exercising right to use trade mark (s 122(1)(e))
4.12.7. Defendant may obtain registration of similar trade mark (s 122(1)(f))
4.12.8. Non-infringement due to condition or limitation (s 122(1)(g))
4.12.9. Disclaimers (s 122(1)(h))
4.13. Trade mark applied by or with consent of registered owner
4.14. Prior continuous use defence (s 124)
4.15. No damages for infringement during non-use period (s 127)
4.16. Remedies
4.17. Assignment of trade marks
4.17.1. Process of assignment
4.17.2. Assignment of certification trade marks
4.17.3. Assignment of collective trade marks
4.17.4. Assignment of defensive trade marks
4.18. Licensing of trade marks
4.18.1. Quality control
4.18.2. Financial control
4.18.3. Other forms of control
4.18.4. Franchising
4.18.5. Assignment of licences
4.19. Voluntary recording of interests and claims
4.20. International treaty obligations
5. Copyright: introduction
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Justifications
5.2.1. Utilitarian-based arguments
5.2.2. Natural rights
5.3. History
5.4. International influences
5.4.1. Berne Convention (1886)
5.4.2. Universal Copyright Convention (UCC) (1952)
5.4.3. Rome Convention (1961)
5.4.4. GATT (1947) and TRIPS (1994)
5.4.5. WIPO internet treaties (1996)
5.4.6. Australia-USA Free Trade Agreement 2004 (AUSFTA)
5.4.7. Future international reforms
6. Subsistence of copyright
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Subject matter
6.2.1. Works
6.2.2. Subject matter other than works (Part IV)
6.3. Recorded in material form
6.4. Connected to Australia
6.5. `Originality'
Contents note continued: 6.5.1. Original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works
6.5.2. Subject matter other than works
7. Authorship and first ownership, nature of the rights and duration
7.1. Introduction
7.2. `Authorship' and first ownership
7.2.1. Who is the author?
7.2.2. Joint authorship
7.2.3. Works with no known author
7.3. Exceptions to first ownership
7.3.1. Works created by employees
7.3.2. Works created by journalists
7.3.3. Commissioned works
7.3.4. Crown copyright
7.4. Nature of the rights
7.4.1. right of reproduction
7.4.2. right to publish the work
7.4.3. right to perform the work in public
7.4.4. right to communicate the work to the public
7.4.5. right to make an adaptation of the work
7.4.6. right of commercial rental
7.5. Technological protection measures
7.5.1. Anti-circumvention
7.5.2. Rights management information
7.5.3. Unauthorised access to encoded broadcasts
7.6. Duration
8. Exploitation, infringement and defences
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Exploitation
8.2.1. Assignment
8.2.2. Licences
8.2.3. Collective administration
8.3. Infringement
8.3.1. Direct infringement
8.3.2. Indirect infringement
8.4. Relief for copyright infringement
8.4.1. Damages
8.4.2. Innocent infringement
8.4.3. Conversion or detention
8.4.4. Groundless threats to sue
8.4.5. Criminal offences
8.5. Defences and limitations
8.5.1. Fair dealing
8.5.2. Time-shifting
8.5.3. Format-shifting
8.5.4. Exceptions for archives and libraries
8.5.5. Educational uses
8.5.6. Artistic works
8.5.7. Computer programs
8.5.8. Temporary and incidental reproductions
8.5.9. Legal materials
8.5.10. Government uses
8.5.11. Reading or recitation in public
8.5.12. Sound recordings
8.5.13. Films
8.5.14. Public interest
8.5.15. Contracting out of the defences
8.5.16. Future reforms
9. Moral rights, performers' rights, artist's resale rights, and other rights
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Moral rights
9.2.1. right of attribution
9.2.2. right of integrity
9.2.3. right to object to false attribution
9.2.4. Limits on moral rights
9.2.5. Consent
9.2.6. Remedies for infringement of moral rights
9.2.7. Reform: Indigenous communal moral rights?
9.3. Performers' rights
9.3.1. Performers' moral rights
9.4. Artist's resale rights
9.5. Circuit layouts
9.5.1. Nature and scope of circuit layouts
9.5.2. Subsistence
9.5.3. Exclusive rights
9.5.4. Ownership
9.5.5. Exploitation
9.5.6. Duration
9.5.7. Infringement
9.5.8. Exceptions and defences
9.5.9. Remedies
9.5.10. Overlap with copyright and design protection?
9.6. Public and educational lending rights
10. Designs
10.1. Introduction
10.2. History
10.3. registration process
10.3.1. Who can apply?
10.3.2. Requirements of the application
10.3.3. Request for registration or publication
10.3.4. Publication
10.3.5. Registration
10.3.6. Priority date
10.3.7. Duration
10.3.8. Post-registration examination
10.4. Criteria for protection
10.4.1. Meaning of `design'
10.4.2. `New' and `distinctive'
10.5. Ownership
10.6. Rights
10.7. Infringement
10.7.1. Infringement under the 1906 Act
10.7.2. Infringement under the 2003 Designs Act
10.8. Exceptions
10.8.1. spare parts defence
10.8.2. Consent and parallel importation
10.8.3. Crown use and supply
10.9. Remedies
10.9.1. Unjustified threats
10.10. Copyright-design overlap
10.10.1. Registration of a corresponding design
10.10.2. Industrial application of a corresponding design
11. Equitable doctrine of breach of confidence
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Origins of equitable doctrine of breach of confidence
11.3. elements of the action
11.3.1. Must be able to identify the information with specificity
11.3.2. Information must have the necessary quality of confidence
11.3.3. Information given or received to import an obligation of confidence
11.3.4. Unauthorised use or disclosure of the information
11.3.5. scope of the obligation
11.3.6. need to show detriment
11.3.7. Reasonableness of obtaining a remedy
11.4. How long does the obligation last?
11.4.1. Express contractual obligations
11.4.2. Equitable obligations
11.4.3. Disclosure by the confider
11.4.4. Disclosure by the confidant
11.4.5. Disclosure by third party after confidence is imposed
11.5. Entitlement
11.6. Special circumstances: during employment
11.7. Special circumstances: after employment
11.7.1. Contract
11.7.2. Equitable principles of confidence
11.8. Defences: public interest in disclosure
11.8.1. Background
11.8.2. Nature of the defence in Australia
11.8.3. Disclosure must be to proper authorities
11.9. Remedies
11.9.1. General
11.9.2. springboard principle
11.9.3. Damages
11.10. Relationship between confidential information and patents
11.11. Relationship between confidential information and copyright
11.12. International dimensions
12. Patents for inventions: introduction
12.1. What is a patent for invention?
12.2. Origins of patent protection
12.3. Development of patent law in Australia
12.4. Rationales of patent protection
12.5. Types of patent
12.5.1. Standard and innovation patents
12.5.2. Patents of addition
12.5.3. Selection patents
12.5.4. Combination patents
12.6. Types of application
12.6.1. Convention applications
12.6.2. PCT applications
12.6.3. Divisional applications
12.7. Procedure for obtaining a standard patent
12.7.1. application
12.7.2. Pre-examination
12.7.3. Examination
12.7.4. Acceptance and publication
12.7.5. Opposition
12.7.6. Re-examination
12.7.7. Grant
12.8. Processing an application for an innovation patent
12.9. Patent term
12.10. Extension of term of standard patents for pharmaceuticals
12.10.1. application
12.10.2. Calculation of the term of extension
12.11. Requirement of claims to have a priority date
12.11.1. Complete applications
12.11.2. Convention applications
12.11.3. PCT applications
12.11.4. Fair basing of claim on priority document
12.12. role of priority dates
12.13. Withdrawal and lapsing of applications and ceasing of patents
12.14. International aspects
12.14.1. Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 1883
12.14.2. TRIPS (1994)
12.14.3. Budapest Treaty 1997
12.14.4. European Patent Convention (1973)
12.14.5. Patent Law Treaty (2000)
12.14.6. Australia-USA Free Trade Agreement 2004
12.15. Transitional provisions
13. Patents for inventions: validity
13.1. Statutory requirements
13.2. two-tier system
13.3. concept of invention
13.4. Manner of manufacture
13.4.1. Time at which manner of manufacture is raised
13.4.2. Background to the meaning of `manner of manufacture'
13.4.3. NRDCv Commissioner of Patents: meaning of `manner of manufacture'
13.4.4. Application of NRDC principles to expand scope and remove classes of unpatentable inventions
13.4.5. Business methods and systems
13.4.6. Computer programs
13.4.7. Genes and biological materials
13.4.8. Methods of medical treatment for humans
13.4.9. Discoveries, ideas and other unpatentable subject matter
13.4.10. Reform proposals
13.5. Generally inconvenient
13.6. Novelty
13.6.1. Introduction
13.6.2. Time at which novelty is raised
13.6.3. Statutory requirements: overview
13.6.4. Prior art base
13.6.5. Person skilled in the relevant art
13.6.6. Time at which to construe and read documentary disclosures
13.6.7. meaning of `publicly available'
13.6.8. Test for `anticipation'
13.6.9. Prohibition on `mosaics'
13.6.10. Publicly available information disregarded: disclosure with consent
13.6.11. Publicly available information that is disregarded: non-consensual disclosure
13.6.12. Novelty by way of selection
13.6.13. Relationship with inventive step and innovative step
13.7. Inventive and innovative step: principles
13.7.1. Introduction
13.7.2. Time at which inventive or innovative step is raised
13.7.3. Statutory requirements: overview
13.7.4. Inventive step: prior art base and relevant information for purposes of comparison
13.7.5. Innovative step: prior art base and relevant information for purposes of comparison
13.7.6. Innovative step: level of advance and assessment
13.7.7. Summary of differences
13.8. Inventive step: elements in the assessment
13.8.1. Obvious: very plain
13.8.2. Person skilled in the relevant art
13.8.3. Common general knowledge
13.8.4. Information a skilled person would be expected to ascertain, understand and regard as relevant
13.8.5. Standard required: scintilla of inventiveness
13.8.6. Expert evidence `tainted by hindsight'
13.8.7. Secondary factors to assist assessment of obviousness
13.8.8. Objection to reliance upon hindsight
13.9. Threshold quality of `inventiveness'
13.9.1. test
13.9.2. Assessment of the threshold quality of `inventiveness'
Contents note continued: 13.9.3. Innovation patents and the threshold test
13.10. Utility
13.10.1. General
13.10.2. Meaning o `useful'
13.11. Secret use
13.11.1. General
13.11.2. Rationale
13.11.3. relationship with novelty
13.11.4. meaning of `secret'
13.11.5. meaning of `use'
13.11.6. Use for reasonable trial or experiment only
13.11.7. Use occurring solely in a confidential disclosure
13.11.8. Patentee use for any purpose other than trade or commerce
13.11.9. Use on behalf of the government
13.11.10. Onus of proof
13.11.11. Grace period
13.12. Express exclusions from patentability
13.12.1. Human beings and biological processes for their generation
13.12.2. Plants and animals
13.12.3. Contrary to law
13.12.4. Mere mixtures
13.12.5. International obligations
13.13. Internal requirements for patent specifications: s 40
13.13.1. Evolution of the specification and function of claims
13.13.2. Statutory provisions for internal requirements for patent specifications
13.13.3. Construction of specification for s 40 purposes
13.13.4. Stages for consideration of s 40 requirements
13.13.5. relationship of s 40 and other grounds of invalidity
13.13.6. Provisional specification must describe invention: s 40(1)
13.13.7. Complete specification must provide sufficient description and best method of performance: s 40(2)
13.13.8. End with claims defining invention: s 40(2)(b), (c)
13.13.9. Claims must be clear and succinct: s 40(3)
13.13.10. Claims must be fairly based: s 40(3)
13.13.11. Consistory clause and fair basing
13.13.12. Comparison with fair basis assessment: priority dates
13.13.13. Claims must relate to one invention only: s 40(4)
13.14. Deposit requirements for micro-organisms
13.14.1. General provisions
13.14.2. meaning of `experimental purposes'
14. Patents for inventions: allocation of rights and ownership, the Register and dealings
14.1. Entitlement to grant
14.1.1. Criteria for inventorship
14.1.2. Entitled to have patent assigned to person: s 15(1)(b)
14.1.3. Derives title to invention from inventor: s 15(1)(c)
14.2. Ownership and co-ownership
14.2.1. notion of co-ownership
14.2.2. Rights of co-owners
14.2.3. Directions to co-owners
14.2.4. Grant of patent
14.2.5. Proprietary rights in the patent
14.3. Employee inventions
14.3.1. Express provisions in the employment contract
14.3.2. Implied duty to assign inventions: the duty of good faith
14.3.3. Fiduciary duties
14.4. Crown use of patents for inventions
14.4.1. Introduction
14.4.2. Exploitation of inventions by the Crown
14.4.3. Scope of the exploitation right
14.4.4. For the services of the Commonwealth or a State
14.4.5. Obligations of the Crown
14.4.6. Procedures available to a patentee
14.4.7. Remuneration and terms for exploitation
14.4.8. Exploitation of invention to cease under court order
14.4.9. Supply of products by Commonwealth to foreign countries
14.4.10. Acquisition of inventions or patents by the Commonwealth
14.4.11. Assignments of inventions to the Commonwealth
14.5. Dealings with inventions
14.5.1. General principles
14.5.2. Assignments
14.5.3. Exclusive licences
14.5.4. Non-exclusive and sole licences
14.6. Compulsory licences
14.6.1. Application
14.6.2. Effect of compulsory licence on other patents
14.6.3. Operation of the order
14.6.4. Remuneration payable
14.6.5. Revocation
14.6.6. Other circumstances for compulsory licence
14.6.7. International requirements
14.7. Contracts
14.7.1. Void conditions
14.7.2. Conditions that are not void
14.7.3. Defence to infringement proceedings
14.7.4. Termination of contract after patent ceases to be in force
14.8. Register and official documents
14.8.1. Contents of the Register
14.8.2. Inspection and access to the Register
14.8.3. False entries
14.8.4. Evidence
14.8.5. Power of patentee to deal with patent
15. Patents for inventions: exploitation, infringement and revocation
15.1. role of the patent specification
15.2. General principles for construction of patent specification
15.3. Claim construction
15.3.1. Introduction
15.3.2. `Pith and marrow'
15.3.3. Purposive construction
15.4. Exclusive rights of the patentee
15.4.1. nature of exclusive rights
15.4.2. concept of an implied licence on sale
15.4.3. No grant of positive rights
15.5. Direct infringement
15.5.1. Exclusive right to make a patented product
15.5.2. exclusive right to use
15.5.3. exclusive right to keep
15.5.4. exclusive right to import the invention
15.5.5. concept of parallel importation
15.5.6. Authorisation
15.5.7. Liability as a joint tortfeasor through `common design' or `procurement'
15.6. Contributory infringement
15.6.1. Introduction
15.6.2. Section 117(1): supply of a `product'
15.6.3. Section 117(2): infringing uses
15.6.4. Section 117(2) (b): not a staple commercial product
15.6.5. Section 117(2) (b): supplier had reason to believe the person would put it to that use
15.6.6. Section 117(2) (c)
15.6.7. Infringement of a product patent by supply of component parts
15.7. Misleading and deceptive conduct
15.8. Defences to infringement
15.8.1. Use in or on foreign vessels, aircraft or vehicles
15.8.2. Prior use of an invention: s 119
15.8.3. Acts for obtaining regulatory approval of pharmaceuticals
15.8.4. Private acts
15.8.5. Experimental and research use
15.9. Infringement proceedings
15.10. Relief for infringement
15.11. Non-infringement declarations
15.12. Unjustified threats of infringement proceedings
15.13. Revocation of patents
15.13.1. Statutory provisions
15.13.2. Lack of entitlement
15.13.3. Fraud and false suggestion or misrepresentation
15.13.4. Litigation: parties to proceedings
15.14. Jurisdiction and powers of courts
15.14.1. Jurisdiction of the Federal Court
15.14.2. Jurisdiction of other prescribed courts
15.14.3. Prosecution for an offence against the Act
15.14.4. Appeals to the Federal Court
16. Plant breeder's rights
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Plant breeding: technical background
16.3. Subject matter of PBR
16.4. Registrability
16.4.1. variety has a breeder
16.4.2. variety is distinct
16.4.3. variety is uniform
16.4.4. variety is stable
16.4.5. Variety has not been exploited or only recently exploited
16.4.6. Time at which the variety must be DUS
16.5. PBR applications
16.5.1. Right to apply for PBR
16.5.2. Form of application for PBR
16.5.3. Priority dates
16.5.4. Acceptance and rejection
16.5.5. Variation of the application after acceptance
16.5.6. Application after acceptance: substantive examination and test-growing requirements
16.5.7. Objections
16.5.8. Access to the application and any objection
16.5.9. Status of accepted applications
16.5.10. Deposit of propagating material
16.6. Grant
16.6.1. Requirements
16.6.2. Entry of details in the Register
16.6.3. Effect of grant of PBR
16.6.4. Term of protection
16.7. Rights in PBR
16.7.1. General nature of PBR in propagating material
16.7.2. Extension beyond propagating material: essentially derived varieties
16.7.3. Extension beyond propagating material: certain dependent plant varieties
16.7.4. Extension beyond propagating material: harvested material
16.7.5. Extension beyond propagating material: products obtained from harvested material
16.7.6. Concept of exhaustion of rights
16.8. Limitations on the breeder's rights
16.8.1. Private, experimental or breeding purposes
16.8.2. Farmer's rights
16.8.3. Breeder's rights in harvested material and products from crops grown with farm-saved seed
16.8.4. Other restrictions on rights
16.8.5. Reasonable public access
16.9. Ownership and co-ownership
16.10. Exploiting PBR: licensing and other forms
16.10.1. Assignment of PBR
16.10.2. Licences
16.11. Revocation of PBR
16.12. Surrender of PBR
16.13. Infringement of rights
16.13.1. What amounts to infringement
16.13.2. Exemptions from infringement
16.13.3. Prior user rights
16.14. Enforcement of rights
16.14.1. Actions for infringement
16.14.2. Declarations as to non-infringement
16.14.3. Jurisdiction
16.14.4. Offences and conduct by directors, servants and agents
16.15. Register
16.16. Remedies
16.17. Transitional provisions
16.18. Relationships between PBR and other intellectual property regimes
16.18.1. PBR and patents
16.18.2. PBR and trade marks
16.19. Other international conventions
17. Remedies and miscellaneous issues
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Pretrial remedies
17.2.1. Anton Piller orders
17.2.2. Representative orders
17.2.3. Interlocutory injunctions
17.3. Permanent injunctions
17.4. Groundless threats
17.5. Damages
17.6. Account of profits
17.7. Criminal liability
17.8. Customs seizure
17.9. Jurisdiction
17.10. Intellectual property and freedom of competition
17.10.1. Per se prohibitions
17.10.2. Rule of reason prohibitions
17.10.3. Exemptions under s 51(3)
Contents note continued: 17.11. Security over intellectual property.