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    Actionable misrepresentation
    Spencer Bower & Handley actionable misrepresentation / by The Honourable K.R. Handley AO OStJ QC BA, LLB, LLD (Honoris Causa).

    • Title:[Actionable misrepresentation]
      Spencer Bower & Handley actionable misrepresentation / by The Honourable K.R. Handley AO OStJ QC BA, LLB, LLD (Honoris Causa).
    •    
    • Author/Creator:Handley, K. R., author.
    • Other Contributors/Collections:Spencer Bower, George, 1854-1928. Actionable misrepresentation.
    • Published/Created:London : LexisNexis, [2014]
    • Holdings

       
    • Library of Congress Subjects:Fraud--Great Britain.
    • Medical Subjects: Fraud
    • Edition:Fifth edition.
    • Description:xcii, 340 pages ; 26 cm
    • Summary:This is an authoritative and comprehensive book on the limitations imposed by the doctrine of Res Judicata. First published in the 1920s, this frequently cited work ensures readers understand how the doctrine of Res Judicata is enforced and also how it does not apply. It gives essential information on what constitutes a Res Judicata decision, how judicial decisions apply in rem and in personam, in taxation and rating cases, in criminal cases (autrefois acquit), in matrimonial cases, in prima facie cases of estoppel and in merger judgments. the text is fully supported by extensive footnotes and appropriate cases to demonstrate each point.
    • Notes:Revised edition of: Spencer Bower, George, 1854-1928. Actionable misrepresentation. London : Butterworths, 2000.
      Includes bibliographical references and index.
    • ISBN:9781405782845 (hardback)
      1405782846 (hardback)
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction
      Scope
      Excluded topics
      Misrepresentation and mistake
      Misrepresentation and non-disclosure
      Estoppel and criminal responsibility
      Topics included
      Misrepresentations to persons other than the claimant
      Principles summarised
      Elements of the cause of action or affirmative defence
      ch. 2 Representation
      Introduction
      constituent elements
      Communication between two persons
      Relation to matter of fact
      Statements of intention, or otherwise relating to the future
      Statements of the representor's intention
      Statements part representation and part promise
      Promises
      Representation distinguished from promise
      Representation repeated as promise
      Statement of a third person's intention
      Expressions of expectation, hope etc
      Statements of opinion, belief or information
      Representations of representor's opinion, belief or knowledge
      Statement of a third person's state of mind
      Representations as to matters of information or opinion
      Fact represented as opinion or information
      Pleadings
      Distinction between representations of law and fact
      Statements of mixed law and fact
      Inferences of law from known facts
      Fraudulent statements of law
      Statements about documents
      Statements about contents of document
      Statements of the effect of a document
      Statements as to nature of document
      Exaggeration, puffing etc
      ch. 3 How a representation may be made
      Express representations
      Implied and inferred representations
      Representations implied from conduct
      Bribery
      Other implied representations
      Misrepresentations to lead underwriter
      Implied representations to surety
      ch. 4 Misrepresentation
      Falsity in fact
      Onus of proof
      Substantial falsity essential
      Error in unimportant details
      Falsity must go to the fact represented
      Inconsistency is not falsity
      When falsity must exist
      Continuing representations
      Supervening events
      Meanings relevant for different issues
      Representation prima facie has its natural meaning
      Ambiguous representations
      Deliberate ambiguity
      Falsity by omission or silence
      Omission of essential qualifying facts
      Silence in conjunction with something previously said or done
      Necessity to speak arising from statement by another
      Duty to mention unusual features in well-known transaction
      Except as above, silence is not a representation
      Statements to be read together
      Questions of law and fact
      ch. 5 Fraudulent and innocent misrepresentation
      Fraud as distinguished from mere falsity
      Absence of honest belief renders misrepresentation fraudulent
      State of mind of representor
      Intention and motive of representor
      When non-belief must exist
      Representor's duty when he discovers statement was false
      Representor's duty when statement becomes false
      Innocent misrepresentation
      Absence of reasonable grounds compatible with innocence
      Gross negligence not fraud
      Irrational belief not fraud
      Forgetfulness will not support charge of fraud
      Negligent representation may nevertheless support an action for damages
      ch. 6 Inducement and materiality
      Actual inducement necessary
      Two aspects of inducement
      Intention insufficient if actual inducement not shown
      Intention to induce also necessary
      Representation may be spent
      Intention may be inferred
      Representation where no obligation to speak the truth
      Other inducing causes irrelevant
      Speculation as to effect of truth or silence not permitted
      Complex representations
      Representee must establish meaning
      Materiality
      Inducement and materiality separate questions
      natural result must be to induce the representee
      Where there are no special circumstances
      Is materiality a separate element in a cause of action for deceit?
      Materiality and innocent misrepresentation
      Special circumstances
      Burden of proof
      All the circumstances to be considered
      ch. 7 Change of position and damage
      Relevant transactions
      Actionable damage
      Burden of proof: questions of law and fact
      ch. 8 Parties: the representor
      Passing on representation of another
      Vicarious liability
      Actual authority of agent
      Ratification
      Company directors
      Co-agents and sub agents
      Forgery by agent
      Principal cannot profit from fraud of agent
      Fraud by corporation
      Corporations: share subscriptions
      Divided responsibility
      Divided responsibility: large organisations
      Agent committing fraud on principal
      Fraudulent agent jointly and severally liable with principal
      Damages for innocent misrepresentation
      liability of agent
      Liability of a principal for an agent's negligent misrepresentations
      Burden of proof and questions of fact and law
      ch. 9 Parties: the representee
      Direct representees and their principals
      Indirect representees
      Class to whom representation is addressed
      `Stock Exchange' misrepresentations
      Burden of proof
      Questions of law and fact
      ch. 10 When misrepresentation actionable
      Introduction
      Damages for innocent and negligent misrepresentation
      Rescission for innocent misrepresentation
      Compensation in specific performance cases
      Misrepresentation of authority
      Performance of ministerial duty at request of another
      ch. 11 action for deceit
      Parties
      Standard of proof
      Defences in actions for deceit
      Representee's knowledge of the truth
      Knowledge of agent
      No duty on representee to enquire
      Exclusion clauses
      Avoidance of contract
      Lord Tenterden's Act
      Requirement for personal signature
      Illegality
      Statutory defence for issuers of traded securities
      Contributory negligence
      Contribution
      Winding-up of corporation
      Release
      Limitation of liability
      ch. 12 Damages for deceit
      tort measure
      Unliquidated damages
      Principles of assessment: general
      One-sided account
      Two-sided account
      Contingent liability as damage
      How value determined
      When value determined
      Smith New Court
      Loss due to supervening cause
      Whether loss from inducement or transaction
      Reduction due to supervening cause
      Loss of profits
      Causation and hypothetical transactions
      Loss of chance
      Other recoverable consequential losses
      Exemplary damages
      Some miscellaneous principles
      Minors
      Effect of contract on damages
      Concurrent claims by companies and individuals
      Unrealised benefits
      Equitable compensation
      ch. 13 action for damages for innocent misrepresentation
      Categories of misrepresentation
      Representee must be party to contract
      Defence of reasonable belief
      Contributory negligence
      Lord Tenterden's Act
      Exemption clause
      Measure of damages
      Damages in lieu of rescission
      ch. 14 Rescission for fraud
      Rescission for misrepresentation act of party not court
      Contracts induced by misrepresentation are voidable, not void
      Representee has power of election
      Representee not bound to elect unless confronted with choice
      election is final
      Election
      Knowledge of the facts
      Independent grounds for rescission
      Actual election to affirm
      Actual election to rescind
      Communication of election
      Election to affirm
      estoppel
      Imputed election to affirm
      Kammins
      Peyman v Lanjani
      Imputed election
      unequivocal conduct
      Imputed election not based on estoppel
      Exceptions to general rule that election must be communicated
      ch. 15 Rescission for innocent misrepresentation
      Rescission for innocent misrepresentation under MA 1967
      Executory contracts
      Executed contracts
      Damages in lieu of rescission
      Effect of assignment
      Damages in lieu of rescission: quantum
      Whether rescission or subsisting right to rescind necessary
      ch. 16 Action to enforce rescission
      Rescission at law and in equity
      Rectification as alternative to rescission
      Rescission must be total
      Rescission by guarantors
      Enforcing rescission
      Action to enforce rescission
      Contents of order
      Restitution
      Tracing
      Stock-in-trade and livestock
      Specific property
      Rescinding party not bound to maintain property
      Improvements and depreciation
      Services
      Money had and received
      Company cases
      Sales by order of the court
      Repossession of goods
      Misrepresentation and marriage
      Persons entitled to enforce rescission
      persons liable to proceedings to enforce rescission
      Assignments of choses in action
      Negotiable instruments
      Tangible movables
      Interests in land or personal property
      Rescission against party other than representor
      Rescission against original party other than representor
      ch. 17 Rescission
      affirmative defences
      Representee's knowledge of the truth
      Illegality
      Agreement excluding power of rescission
      Affirmation
      Rescission unjust to representor or third parties
      Liquidation of company
      Delay
      MA 1967
      ch. 18 Misrepresentation as defence
      Specific performance
      Specific performance granted to representor subject to compensation
      Specific performance at suit of representee
      Election before suit not required
      Where contract void
      Impersonation
      Plea of non est factum
      Misrepresentation as to exemption and other clauses
      Where defence of rescission available against assignee
      Fraud as invalidating cause independent of reliance
      Contents note continued: Fraudulent insurance claims
      Principle not extended
      Fraud subsequent to contract
      Claims for apportionment or contribution
      ch. 19 Statutory provisions for misrepresentation
      Prospectuses
      Misrepresentations in company prospectuses
      persons to whom the action is given
      persons liable
      What must be alleged and proved by a claimant
      Affirmative defences
      Affirmative defence of reasonable belief in truth
      Affirmative defences for statements by others
      Affirmative defence: knowledge of the truth
      Statutory remedy
      Certification of share transfers
      Sales by auction
      Sale of Land by Auction Act 1867
      Sale of Goods Act 1979
      Auctions (Bidding Agreements) Act 1927 and Auctions (Bidding Agreements) Act 1969
      Land Registration Act 2002
      Partnership Act 1890
      ch. 20 Misrepresentations actionable by third parties
      English judgments procured by fraud
      Innocent misrepresentation
      English judgments in rem
      Domestic decrees in divorce
      Remedy to be sought by action
      Fraud by corporation
      Fresh facts sufficient without proof of diligence
      Slip rule not available for fraud
      Consent judgment may be set aside for misrepresentation
      Foreign judgments procured by fraud
      Foreign judgments in rem
      Setting aside awards
      Misrepresentation to public authorities
      What must be proved
      Principles now of limited importance
      Passing off
      Patents
      Representations to Parliament
      Compulsory purchase orders procured by fraud
      Fraudulent misrepresentations to third party
      Negligent misrepresentation to third party
      Fraud as element in other torts
      Secret profits obtained by misrepresentation to third parties
      Misrepresentations which disentitle representor to relief against third party
      Payments by third party to discharge debt
      ch. 21 Pleading and practice
      Action to be tried as a test action
      Proceedings commenced under alternative procedure
      Arbitration
      Anti set-off clauses
      ch. 22 Negligent misrepresentation
      Control mechanism: special relationship
      Tests for special relationship
      Inconsistent duty excludes special relationship
      Reliance must be reasonable
      Control mechanism: voluntary assumption of responsibility
      Control mechanism: relationship equivalent to contract
      Parties negotiating for contract or in contractual relationship
      Disclaimer
      Control mechanism that failed: Evatt and the requirement of special skill
      rejection of Evatt
      control mechanism that proved unnecessary: financial interest of adviser
      Control mechanism: special access to information
      Control mechanism: statements on social or casual occasions
      Control mechanism: impromptu answers
      Remote representees
      Duty to indirect representees: valuers and others
      No general duty to indirect representees
      No duty to remote representees
      Control mechanism: purpose and intention of representor
      Statutory duty to provide information
      Control mechanism: duty to closed class
      Reeman
      Critique of Reeman
      Public authorities: policy statements
      Official action as representation
      Duty of care in exercising discretionary powers
      Negligent misrepresentation in exercising statutory powers
      Misfeasance in public office
      Critique of Welton
      Liability of planning authorities under Hedley Byrne
      No distinction between information, advice, forecasts and threats
      Nature of duty
      No new duties of disclosure
      Reliance causing economic loss to third party
      Liability of barristers for negligent advice
      Immunity of witness.
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