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    Legal method and writing I : predictive writing / Charles R. Calleros, Professor of Law, Arizona State Univiversity ; Kimberly Y.W. Holst, Clincial professor of Law, Arizona State Univiversity.

    • Title:Legal method and writing I : predictive writing / Charles R. Calleros, Professor of Law, Arizona State Univiversity ; Kimberly Y.W. Holst, Clincial professor of Law, Arizona State Univiversity.
    •    
    • Author/Creator:Calleros, Charles R., author.
    • Other Contributors/Collections:Holst, Kimberly Y.W., author.
    • Published/Created:New York : Wolters Kluwer, [2018]
    • Holdings

       
    • Library of Congress Subjects:Legal composition.
      Law--United States--Methodology.
    • Edition:Eighth edition.
    • Description:xxiv, 304 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm
    • Series:Aspen casebook series.
    • Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
    • ISBN:9781454897149 paperback
      1454897147 paperback
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: pt. I LAW SCHOOL
      -GETTING STARTED
      ch. 1 Introduction to Writing Style: Policy, Purpose, and Audience
      I. General Approach
      II. Perspective of the Legal Writer
      III. Policy-Oriented Approach
      IV. Purpose and Audience
      A. Purpose
      B. Audience
      V. Overview of the Process of Legal Writing
      A. Developing Skills of Legal Method and Analysis
      B. Researching the Law
      C. Prewriting
      D. Writing
      E. Revising Your Writing
      F. Revisiting Earlier Stages
      VI. Summary
      VII. Proceeding with Purpose and Enthusiasm
      Exercise 1-1
      ch. 2 Overview of the Case Method of Study
      I. Hadley v. Baxendale: A Case Study
      II. Litigation Pyramid
      III. Casebook Method of Study
      pt. II INTRODUCTION TO THE LEGAL SYSTEM
      ch. 3 Common Law
      I. Overview
      -Sources of Lawmaking Powers
      A. Legislative and Executive Branches
      B. Judicial Branch
      C. Common Law as a Backdrop for Legislation
      D. Local and Tribal Governments
      II. Common Law
      A. Historical Roots
      B. Examples: Common Law Burglary and Murder
      C. Common Law in Constant Change
      III. Summary
      Exercise 3-1
      ch. 4 Legislation
      I. Roles of Constitutional and Statutory Law
      A. Example: Embezzlement
      B. Example: Consumer-Protection Legislation
      C. Increasing Significance of Legislation
      II. Judicial Interpretation and Application of Statutes
      A. Vagueness and Ambiguity
      B. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evidence of Legislative Intent
      C. Statutory Construction When Interpretation Fails
      III. Case Studies in Statutory Interpretation
      A. Illustration: Imprecision Leading to Ambiguity
      1. Problem
      2. Intrinsic Evidence
      3. Extrinsic Evidence
      4. Second Thoughts
      B. Second Illustration: Generality Resulting in Vagueness
      Exercise 4-1
      IV. Legislative Enactment and Change
      Exercise 4-2
      V. Interplay between Legislation and Common Law
      A. Relationship between Legislation and Common Law
      1. Legislative Primacy
      2. Legislation as Guidance for Common Law
      3. Common Law as Background for Legislation
      B. Judicial Power and Limitations Regarding Legislation
      VI. Summary
      pt. III LEGAL METHOD AND ANALYSIS
      ch. 5 Role of Precedent: The Court System and Stare Decisis
      I. Introduction to Stare Decisis
      II. Court System
      A. Structure of State, Federal, and Tribal Courts
      1. State Courts
      2. Federal Courts
      3. Tribal Courts
      B. Court Structure and Stare Decisis
      III. Scope and Application of Stare Decisis
      A. Building a Wall of Case Law, Brick by Brick
      B. Analogizing and Distinguishing Precedent
      1. Inexact Science with Ample Room for Argument
      2. Gaining Comfort with Legal Uncertainty
      3. Example: Warrantless Searches of Cars, Houses, and Mobile Homes
      C. Overruling Precedent
      1. Standards for Departing from Normal Application of Stare Decisis
      2. Changes in Social and Legal Context
      3. Abandonment of Erroneous or Unworkable Precedent
      4. Flexible Application of Stare Decisis to Constitutional Issues
      IV. Summary
      Exercise 5-1
      Exercise 5-2
      ch. 6 Deductive Reasoning and IRAC
      -Introduction to Legal Analysis
      I. Overview
      -Solving Legal Problems
      II. Overview of Deductive Reasoning and IRAC
      A. Deductive Reasoning in the Law
      -Uses and Limitations
      1. Legal Syllogism
      2. Validity and Correctness of Legal Syllogisms
      3. Limitations of the Legal Syllogism
      B. IRAC
      -The Analytical Paradigm
      III. Identifying Issues for Analysis
      A. Defining Issues
      1. Issues and Subissues
      2. Continuing Development of Issues
      3. Materiality
      Exercise 6-1
      B. Scope of Analysis
      1. Examination Answers
      2. Office Memoranda
      3. Briefs
      IV. "R"
      -Formulating the Legal Rule
      A. Types of Rules: Elements, Factors, and Balancing Tests
      B. Sources of Authority
      1. Primary and Secondary Authority
      2. Jurisdiction in Which Primary Authority Controls
      3. Hierarchy of Constitutional, Legislative, and Common Law Authority
      4. Strength of Case Law as Precedent
      a. Level of Court
      b. Controlling, Analogous, and Distinguishable Authority
      5. Summary
      Exercise 6-2
      C. Analysis of Legal Standards
      1. Depth of Analysis
      2. Hierarchy of Authority: Start with Constitutional or Statutory Text
      3. Policy Analysis
      Exercise 6-3
      4. Recognizing Arguments for Both Sides
      Exercise 6-4
      5. Synthesis of Incremental Law
      6. Reorganization of Notes: Synthesis as a Bridge to Oudining
      7. Synthesis as a Step in Deductive Reasoning
      Exercise 6-5
      V. "A"
      -Application of Law to Facts
      A. Basic Patterns
      B. Developing Arguments for Both Sides
      Exercise 6-6
      VI. "C"
      - Reaching Conclusions
      VII. Summary
      Exercise 6-7
      pt. IV PREDICTIVE WRITING
      -THE OFFICE MEMORANDUM OF LAW
      ch. 7 Office Memorandum of Law
      I. Overview
      A. Oral Report, E-Mail Memo, or Full Office Memorandum?
      1. Oral Report
      2. Traditional Office Memorandum of Law
      3. Streamlined E-Mail Memo
      4. Pedagogic Focus on Traditional Office Memoranda
      B. Traditional Office Memorandum: Audience, Purpose, and Perspective
      1. Audience and Purpose
      2. Perspective
      C. Mastering the Assignment
      D. Research Strategy
      E. Reorganizing and Oudining Your Research Notes
      II. Alternative Formats for a Traditional Office Memorandum
      A. Choices
      B. Format A: Effective for Multi-Issue Memoranda
      1. Ordering the Elements to Aid Comprehension
      2. Facts in Different Places to Perform Different Tasks
      a. Example: Narration of All Essential Facts in Action for Breach of Contract
      b. Example: Analysis of Facts Relevant to Each Issue in the Discussion Section
      3. Conclusions in Different Places to Perform Different Tasks
      4. Overlapping Sections Are Like Actors Returning to Play Different but Complementary Roles
      C. Format B: For Especially Complex Cases
      D. Format C: A Slightly Streamlined Approach for a Full Memorandum
      E. Flexibility and Adaptation
      III. Elements of an Office Memorandum
      A. Issues
      -Identification and Expression
      1. Review
      2. Example: Identifying Issues in a Title VII Suit
      3. Expressing Issues with Particularity
      B. Brief Answer
      C. Facts
      D. Discussion
      1. Introducing Your Analysis
      2. Analyzing the Law and the Facts
      a. Example: Statutory Analysis
      b. Example: Established Common Law
      c. Rule Synthesis and Illustration
      d. Drawing Analogies in the Fact Analysis
      E. Conclusion
      IV. Summary
      Samples
      ch. 8 Organization of Office Memoranda and Briefs
      I. Format
      II. Relationships among Multiple Issues and Subissues
      A. Proper Relationships among Topics
      B. Order of Topics
      1. Logical Organization in an Office Memorandum
      2. Strategic Organization in a Brief
      3. Discussing or Arguing the Full Range of Issues
      C. Technique
      III. Progression within Section or Subsection
      A. Hierarchy of Authority
      B. Progression from General to Specific
      C. Progression from Fundamental to Complex
      D. Separation or Consolidation of Analyses
      1. Overview
      -IRAC in Context
      2. Single Syllogism in Undivided Section
      3. Separation of Elements of Single Syllogism into Multiple Subsections
      4. Multiple Syllogisms within a Single, Undivided Section
      a. Separation of Multiple Syllogisms
      b. Consolidation of Multiple Syllogisms
      c. Discretion to Separate or Consolidate
      5. Summary
      IV. Paragraphs
      A. Role of Paragraphs within a Section
      B. Paragraph Content and Development
      C. Role of Sentences within a Paragraph
      V. Summary
      ch. 9 Legal Writing Style in the Office Memorandum
      I. Clarity
      A. Simplicity and Plain English
      Exercise 9-1
      B. Sentence Structure
      1. Structuring and Punctuating Long or Complex Sentences
      a. Closure through Punctuation
      b. Repetition of Prepositions or Other Linking Words or Phrases
      c. Complex Series
      d. Toward a Flexible, Policy-Oriented Approach to Punctuation
      Exercise 9-2
      2. Concrete Verbs and Active Construction
      a. Concrete Verbs
      b. Active and Passive Construction
      Exercise 9-3
      3. Effective Placement of Modifiers
      Exercise 9-4
      4. Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses
      a. Role of the Comma
      b. Choice between "That" and "Which"
      c. Procedural Labels
      Exercise 9-5
      C. Precision
      1. Careful Expression of Analysis
      2. Beyond Dogma
      II. Concise Writing
      A. Content: Scope and Depth of Analysis
      1. Scope of Analysis
      2. Depth of Analysis
      a. Depth of Analysis of Legal Authority
      b. Incomplete Syllogisms
      B. Form: Efficient Organization, Sentence Structure, and Phrasing
      1. Organization and Repetition
      2. Sentence Structure and Phrasing
      a. Repetition
      b. Verb Structure
      c. Implicit Information
      d. Tension between Clarity and Concision
      Exercise 9-6
      III. Review and Revision
      IV. Summary
      ch. 10 Signaling, Presenting, and Quoting Authority
      I. Citation Signals
      A. No Signal
      B. "See"
      C. "Accord"
      D. "See generally"
      E. "Cf." and "Compare ... with"
      F. "See also"
      G. "But" and "Contra"
      H. "E.A."
      Exercise 10-1
      II. Presenting Your Authority Effectively
      A. Subordinating Your Citations
      1. Citation Clauses and Sentences
      Contents note continued: 2. In-Depth Case Analysis
      B. Synthesis of Case Law
      1. Lack of Synthesis Burdens the Reader
      2. Benefits of Expressing Your Synthesis
      3. Parallels to Effective Study Techniques
      4. Consolidated Statement of Synthesis
      C. Citation within a Citation
      III. Quotations
      A. Using Quotations Selectively
      B. Presenting and Introducing Quotations
      1. Presenting Block Quotations
      2. Using Substantive Introductions While Subordinating Citations
      Exercise 10-2
      IV. Summary
      APPENDICES
      Appendix I Introduction to the Case Method of Study: Additional Text and Problems for Chapter 2
      Appendix II Introduction to the Legal System: Problems for Part II of the Main Text
      Appendix III Legal Method and Analysis: Problems for Part III of the Main Text
      Appendix IV Office Memoranda: Assignments for Part IV
      Appendix V Legal Writing Style: Problems for Chapter 9 of the Main Text.
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