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    International environmental law / Ulrich Beyerlin and Thilo Marauhn.

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    • Title:International environmental law / Ulrich Beyerlin and Thilo Marauhn.
    •    
    • Author/Creator:Beyerlin, Ulrich.
    • Other Contributors/Collections:Marauhn, Thilo.
    • Published/Created:Oxford ; Portland, OR : Hart ; [Munich] : Beck ; ©2011.

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    • Library of Congress Subjects:Environmental law, International.
    • Description:xxxii, 452 pages ; 25 cm.
    • Summary:"International Environmental Law is a new textbook written for students, practitioners, and anyone interested in the subject. The overall aim of the book is to provide a fresh understanding of international environmental law as a whole, seen in the light of climate change, biodiversity loss, and the other serious environmental challenges facing the world. The book has also been kept deliberately manageable in size by careful selection of topics and by adopting a cross-cutting synthesis of regulatory interaction in the field. This enables the reader to place international environmental law in the context of public international law in general, revealing at the same time that international environmental law is experimental ground for developing new legal approaches towards global governance. To this end, the authors have combined theory and practice. Apart from discussing concepts, rule-making and compliance, the book looks at options for improved coordination, harmonisation and even integration of existing multilateral environmental agreements, analysing how conflicts between various environmental regimes can be avoided or, at least, adequately managed. The authors argue that an appropriate management of international environmental relations must address the North-South divide, which continues to be a major obstacle to global environmental cooperation. Furthermore, the authors emphasise the growing human rights dimension of international environmental law. This book is an ideal "door opener" for the further study of international environmental law. Focusing on "international environmental governance" in a comprehensive way serves to explain that each institution, each actor, and each instrument is part of a multi-dimensional process in international environmental law and relations."--Publisher's information.
    • Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
    • ISBN:9781841139241 (Hart)
      1841139246 (Hart)
      9783406628740 (Beck)
      3406628745 (Beck)
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: I. Historical Development
      1. From the Beginnings of International Environmental Law to the Stockholm Conference (1972)
      1.1. Early Stages and the Interwar Period
      1.2. From 1945 to 1972
      2. From Stockholm to the Rio Conference (1992)
      2.1. Stockholm Conference
      2.2. Impacts of the North
      South Divide on International Environmental Law
      2.3. International Treaty Practice since 1972
      2.4. Other Activities
      3. From Rio to the Johannesburg Conference (2002)
      3.1. Rio Conference
      3.2. Rio Outcomes
      3.2.1. Concept of `Sustainable Development'
      3.2.2. Legally Non-Binding Instruments
      3.2.3. Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs)
      3.2.4. Institutional Innovations
      3.2.5. Rio Evaluated
      3.3. Post-Rio Process
      4. Johannesburg and Beyond
      4.1. Johannesburg Summit
      4.2. Johannesburg Outcomes
      4.2.1. `Type 1 Outcome': The Political Declaration and the Plan of Implementation
      4.2.2. `Type 2 Outcome': Partnership Initiatives
      4.2.3. Johannesburg Evaluated
      4.3. From Johannesburg to Copenhagen (2009)
      II. Key Concepts in International Environmental Law
      5. `Key Concepts': Meaning, Underlying Ideas and Classification
      5.1. `Key Concepts' of International Environmental Law: Meaning and Role
      5.2. Ethical Sources of International Environmental Law Key Concepts
      5.2.1. Solidarity
      5.2.2. Justice
      5.3. Classification of International Environmental Law Norms
      6. `No Harm'
      6.1. Historical Development
      6.2. Function and Normative Quality
      6.3. Substantive Obligations
      6.3.1. Preventing Significant Transboundary Harm
      6.3.2. No Balancing of Interests
      6.3.3. Disregard of `Due Diligence'
      6.3.4. Standard and Burden of Proof
      6.3.5. Status
      6.4. Procedural Obligations
      6.4.1. Contents and Scope
      6.4.2. Status
      6.5. Breach of the `No Harm' Rule
      7. Precautionary Action
      7.1. Historical Development
      7.2. References to Precautionary Action in International Environmental Practice
      7.2.1. Multilateral Environmental Agreements
      7.2.2. Decisions of International Courts
      7.3. Conception and Meaning
      7.4. Effects
      7.5. Normative Quality and Status
      8. Polluter Pays
      8.1. Origin
      8.2. Applicability and Meaning
      8.3. Normative Quality and Status
      9. Common but Differentiated Responsibilities
      9.1. Historical Development of CBDR
      9.2. Underlying Ideas and Conceptual Approach of CBDR
      9.3. Interpretation of CBDR
      9.4. CBDR in International Environmental Treaty Practice
      9.4.1. Reference to CBDR in Single MEAs
      9.4.2. Conditionality of Environmental Protection and Compliance Assistance?
      9.5. Normative Quality and Status
      9.6. CBDR and Future North
      South Co-operation
      10. Sustainable Development
      10.1. Historical Development
      10.2. Meaning and Function
      10.3. Normative Quality and Status
      10.4. Sustainable Use
      -A Special Emanation of Sustainable Development
      10.5. Sustainable Development
      -An Approach for Bridging the North
      South Divide
      III. Key Issues in Current International Environmental Law
      11. Freshwater Resources
      11.1. Survey
      11.2. Case Law
      11.3. General Instruments
      11.3.1. UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses
      11.3.2. UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes
      11.3.3. 2008 Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers
      11.4. Specific Instruments
      11.4.1. Africa
      11.4.2. America
      11.4.3. Asia
      11.4.4. Europe
      11.4.5. Middle East
      11.5. Conclusions
      12. Oceans and Marine Resources
      12.1. Survey
      12.2. Legal Framework: UNCLOS
      12.3. Protection of the Marine Environment
      12.3.1. State of the Marine Environment
      12.3.2. All Types of Pollution
      12.3.3. Pollution from Ships
      12.3.4. Pollution by Dumping of Wastes
      12.3.5. Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Atmospheric Pollution
      12.3.6. Pollution from Sea-Bed Activities
      12.3.7. Intervention in Case of Marine Pollution Incidents
      12.4. Conservation and Management of Marine Living Resources
      12.4.1. State of the Marine Living Resources
      12.4.2. Fish
      12.4.3. Mammals
      12.5. Conclusions
      13. Air, Ozone, Climate and Outer Space
      13.1. Survey
      13.2. Transboundary Air Pollution
      13.2.1. LRTAP Convention and Related Protocols
      13.2.2. Canada
      US Air Quality Agreement
      13.3. Ozone Layer Depletion
      13.3.1. Ozone Convention
      13.3.2. Montreal Protocol
      13.4. Global Climate Change
      13.4.1. Climate Change Convention
      13.4.2. Kyoto Protocol
      13.4.3. From Kyoto to Copenhagen: Building a Post-2012 Climate Protection Regime
      13.5. Outer Space Activities and Environmental Protection
      13.6. Conclusions
      14. Flora, Fauna and Biological Diversity
      14.1. Survey
      14.2. Flora and Fauna
      14.2.1. Protection of Habitat
      14.2.2. Regulating Trade in Endangered Species: CITES
      14.2.3. Protecting Migratory Species
      14.2.4. Other Instruments
      14.3. Biological Diversity
      14.3.1. Biodiversity Convention
      14.3.2. Access and Benefit-Sharing: Bonn Guidelines and Nagoya Protocol
      14.3.3. International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources
      14.3.4. Trading Genetic Material: The Biosafety Protocol
      14.4. Forests
      14.5. Soil
      14.6. Conclusions
      15. Wastes and Hazardous Substances
      15.1. Survey
      15.2. Control of Transboundary Movements of Wastes
      15.2.1. Basel Convention
      15.2.2. Bamako Convention
      15.3. International Regulation of Hazardous Substances
      15.3.1. Rotterdam Convention
      15.3.2. Stockholm Convention
      15.3.3. Conventions on Nuclear Materials
      15.4. Conclusions
      16. Procedural Environmental Obligations
      16.1. Basic Observations
      16.2. Information, Notification and Consultation in Interstate Relations
      16.2.1. Situations of Likely Transboundary Environmental Harm
      16.2.2. Situations of Transboundary Environmental Emergency
      16.3. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
      16.4. Participatory Rights of Non-Governmental Actors
      16.4.1. `Public Participation' in General
      16.4.2. Aarhus Convention
      16.5. Conclusions
      IV. International Environmental Governance I: `Setting the Rules of the Game'
      17. International Environmental Governance
      17.1. Theoretical Premises and Policy Framework
      17.2. Actors
      17.2.1. States
      17.2.2. International Organisations
      17.2.3. Treaty Bodies
      17.2.4. Private Actors
      17.3. Forms of Action
      17.3.1. Law-Making, Implementation and Ways to Ensure Compliance
      17.3.2. Treaty-Based Legislative Environmental Governance
      17.3.3. Treaty-Based Administrative Environmental Governance
      17.4. Multilevel Governance
      18. International Environmental Treaty-Making and Treaty Regime-Building
      18.1. Treaty Negotiation and Treaty Conclusion in General
      18.1.1. Procedural Aspects
      18.1.2. Substantive Aspects
      18.2. Levels of Treaty-Making
      18.3. Regulatory Approaches to Treaty-Making
      18.3.1. `Framework Convention and Protocol Approach'
      18.3.2. `Convention and Annexes Approach'
      18.4. Simplified Amendment Procedures Regarding Treaties, Protocols and Annexes
      18.4.1. Amendments of Treaties and Protocols
      18.4.2. Amendments and Adjustments of Annexes
      18.4.3. COPs' Decision-Making Procedures
      18.5. Conflicts between Different MEAs and Their Settlement
      18.5.1. Parallel, Overlapping and Conflicting MEAs
      18.5.2. Article 30 VCLT; Lex Posterior and Lex Specialis; Harmonising Treaty Interpretation
      18.5.3. Treaty Co-ordination by Means of Interinstitutional Co-operation
      19. Customary International Environmental Law; Environmental Jus Cogens and Obligations Erga Omnes
      19.1. Customary International Law in General
      19.1.1. Meaning and Function of Customary International Law
      19.1.2. Formation of Customary International Law
      19.2. Customary International Environmental Law
      19.2.1. Dynamics of Customary International Environmental Law
      19.2.2. Examples of Existing or Emerging Rules of Customary International Environmental Law
      19.3. Environmental Jus Cogens and Obligations Erga Omnes
      20. International Environmental `Soft Law'
      20.1. Theoretical Premises
      20.2. Legally Non-Binding Agreements between States
      20.3. Interinstitutional Non-Legal Arrangements
      20.4. Recommendations of International Organisations
      21. Private Environmental Governance
      21.1. Introduction
      21.2. Contribution of Private Actors to International Environmental Law-Making
      21.2.1. NGO Involvement in Environmental Treaty-Making
      21.2.2. Private Actor Contributions to the Development of Non-Treaty Norms
      21.3. Environmental Standard-Setting
      21.3.1. Distinguishing Environmental Standards from Environmental Law-Making
      21.3.2. Categorising Standards
      21.3.3. Ensuring Compliance with Private Standards
      21.3.4. Inherent Limitations of Private Standard-Setting
      21.4. International Environmental Partnerships
      21.4.1. Emergence of Partnerships in International Environmental Law
      21.4.2. Partnerships in Practice
      21.4.3. Assessing the Contribution of Partnerships to International Environmental Governance
      V. International Environmental Governance II: Ensuring Compliance
      22. Compliance Control
      22.1. Compliance Control and Assistance as `Active Treaty Management'
      Contents note continued: 22.2. Legal Basis of Compliance-Control Procedures
      22.3. Procedural Framework
      22.3.1. Trigger Mechanisms
      22.3.2. Verification
      22.3.3. Evaluation
      22.3.4. Measures in Response to Non-Compliance
      22.3.5. Procedural Principles and Safeguards
      22.4. Institutional Setting
      22.5. Conclusions
      23. Compliance Assistance
      23.1. Concept of Compliance Assistance
      23.2. Typology
      23.2.1. Capacity-Building
      23.2.2. Transfer of Technology
      23.2.3. Financial Mechanisms
      23.3. Conditionality of Assistance
      23.4. Institutional Setting
      23.4.1. Tailor-Made Institutions
      23.4.2. Global Environment Facility
      23.5. Conclusions
      24. Responsibility and Liability
      24.1. Introduction
      24.2. State Responsibility
      24.2.1. 2001 ILC Draft Articles
      24.2.2. Case Law
      24.3. State Liability
      24.4. Civil Liability
      24.4.1. Oil Pollution and Other Hazardous Substances
      24.4.2. Nuclear Energy
      24.4.3. Wastes
      24.4.4. 1993 Liability Convention
      24.5. Conclusions
      25. Environmental Dispute Settlement
      25.1. Survey
      25.2. Non-Judicial Dispute Settlement
      25.3. Judicial Dispute Settlement
      25.3.1. ICJ and Other Permanent International Courts
      25.3.2. International Arbitration
      25.3.3. Quasi-Judicial Dispute Settlement
      25.4. Dispute Settlement and Compliance Control
      VI. Relationship between International Environmental Law and Other Areas of International Law
      26. Environmental Protection and Human Rights
      26.1. Environmental Human Rights Protection in General
      26.2. Environmental Human Rights Protection in Practice
      26.2.1. United Nations
      26.2.2. Africa
      26.2.3. Americas
      26.2.4. Asia
      26.2.5. Europe
      26.3. Environmental Rights of Indigenous Peoples
      26.4. Rights of Environmental Migrants
      27. Environmental Protection and International Peace and Security
      27.1. Peace, Security and the Environment: A Multifaceted Relationship
      27.2. Law of Armed Conflict
      27.2.1. Treaty Law Applicable to International Armed Conflicts
      27.2.2. Customary Law Applicable to International Armed Conflicts
      27.2.3. Law Applicable to Non-International Armed Conflicts
      27.3. Applicability of MEAs in Times of Armed Conflict
      27.4. Environmental Impact of Arms Control and Disarmament Obligations
      27.5. Conclusions
      28. Environmental Protection and International Economic Law
      28.1. Conflict or Complementarity?
      28.2. WTO Law
      28.2.1. Development of WTO Law
      28.2.2. GATT Treaty Framework
      28.2.3. Case Law Related to Article XX GATT
      28.2.4. TBT and the SPS Agreements
      28.2.5. WTO Committee on Trade and Environment
      28.2.6. Relationship between WTO Agreements and MEAs
      28.3. Trade Issues beyond the WTO
      28.4. International Financial Institutions
      28.5. Conclusions
      VII. Perspectives
      Current State of Global Environmental Co-operation
      Reasons for Deficient Environmental Co-operation
      North
      South Dichotomy
      Current Challenges and Trends in Global Environmental Co-operation
      Ensuring More Effective Treaty Compliance
      Ways and Means to Enhance International Environmental Law.
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