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    Reconstructing European copyright law for digital single market: between old paradigms and digital challenges / Bernd Justin Jütte.

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    • Title:Reconstructing European copyright law for digital single market: between old paradigms and digital challenges / Bernd Justin Jütte.
    •    
    • Author/Creator:Jütte, Bernd Justin, author.
    • Published/Created:Baden-Baden : Nomos ; [Oxford] : Hart Publishing, 2017.
      ©2017

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    • Library of Congress Subjects:Copyright--European Union countries.
      Electronic publishing--Law and legislation--European Union countries.
    • Edition:1. edition
    • Description:593 pages ; 23 cm
    • Series:Luxembourg legal studies ; v. 10.
    • Summary:The book critically examines the current process of reforming the copyright system in the European Union. On the basis of core elements of the harmonised copyright acquis, the work exposes the shortcomings of current reform proposals with a view to establishing a digital single market. In this regard, it is highlighted that the existing directives and regulations lack fundamental principles that could serve as a basis for a systematically structured European copyright, and that also the current reform proposals do not reflect such an approach. These deficits are addressed by fundamental approaches for an EU copyright reform. For this purpose, three legislative options are discussed. The work takes a clear position in the current debate of EU copyright reform and offers starting points from which a more systematic and coherent copyright system can be developed.--from publisher
    • Notes:Originally presented as the author's thesis (Ph. D.)--Université de Luxembourg, 2016.
      Includes bibliographical references (pages 567-593).
    • ISBN:9783848735426 (Nomos)
      3848735423 (Nomos)
      9781509914791 (Hart)
      150991479X (Hart)
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: A. Copyright Old and New
      B. historical perspective: Copyright before digitization
      C. Outline and Structure
      I. Four factors to rule copyright
      1. Efficiency and certainty
      2. Balance
      3. System
      II. Structure
      A. Modern Copyright Dilemma
      I. Specificities of digital reproduction
      1. New reproductions
      2. New uses
      3. Different authorization-markets
      II. Aggravating factors
      1. Problems with moral rights
      2. Fragmentation and effects of harmonization
      III. poles of the copyright balance
      1. Rightsholder interests
      2. (Private) User interests
      3. Interests of businesses (and the Commission)
      B. Digital Agenda of the European Union
      I. Single Market Act
      II. Single Market for Intellectual Property Rights
      III. Green Paper on the online distribution of audiovisual works
      IV. Continued efforts and external input
      1. Stakeholder dialogue "Licenses for Europe"
      2. Public Consultation on the review of EU copyright
      V. new "Digital Single Market Strategy"
      1. leaked White Paper
      2. Commission 2015 Work Programme
      3. "Reda Report"
      4. Digital Single Market Strategy
      C. Elements of a European Copyright Framework for the Digital Single Market
      A. International Copyright Legislation with EU Relevance
      I. Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886)
      II. Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS, 1994)
      III. WIPO Internet Treaties
      B. EU Copyright Legislation
      I. centerpiece of EU copyright - the InfoSoc Directive (2001/29/EC)
      II. Vertical harmonization - extending rightsholder protection
      III. Purposeful copyright management - orphans and online music
      IV. Interim conclusion: restrictive trends in EU copyright harmonization
      C. CJEU's Jurisprudence in Relation to Copyright
      I. (early) copyright case-law
      II. recent case-law
      D. status quo
      A. Territoriality and the Demands of the Single Market
      I. Managing multiple rights
      II. principle of territoriality in the EU
      III. Conflicts with the single market
      IV. Principle of territoriality applied to copyright protected works
      1. Basic EU exhaustion
      2. Regional and international exhaustion
      a. Regional exhaustion in the EU - legislative certainty
      b. International exhaustion in the US - an upset
      3. Territoriality applied to digital works
      V. Exhaustion of digital content in the EU
      1. Classifying digital content
      2. Distinguishing goods from services
      3. Exhausting digital content
      4. FAPL/Murphy - can services be exhausted?
      a. Exhaustion and services
      b. Exhaustion and communication to the public
      5. UsedSoft v. Oracle - software downloads lead to exhaustion
      a. Opinion of AG Bot
      b. Judgment of the Court
      c. post-UsedSoft excitement
      6. Beyond UsedSoft - exhaustion and other types of digital content?
      a. Germany - resale denied
      b. Netherlands - a waiting game
      c. German-Dutch disagreements
      7. uncertain future of digital exhaustion in the EU
      a. Application of exhaustion to digital content
      b. Functional equivalence of tangible and digital works
      c. Market impact
      8. Interpretative accommodation of exhaustion under the InfoSoc Directive
      a. Is exhaustion applicable to services?
      b. Necessary reproductions
      c. Preventing piracy
      VI. Different continent, same problem: the US
      1. Infringements
      2. Defenses
      3. ReDigi's consequences - in comparison
      a. Sale v. license (goods v. services?)
      b. Moving files through time and space
      c. Flexibilities
      VII. Coping with territoriality
      1. Territoriality is there to stay
      2. Exhaustion off-balance
      a. Physical goods
      b. Digital files
      c. It is services, not sales!
      3. Coping with territoriality, and (maybe) rebalancing exhaustion
      4. Is territoriality upsetting the digital common market?
      a. 'secondary' market
      b. 'primary' market - establishment and collisions
      VIII. Striking the balance
      1. Striking the balance for rightsholders
      2. Striking the balance for users
      3. Rebalancing exhaustion
      a. Value for money
      b. Distribution of risk
      c. Ownership permits resale
      IX. future of territoriality and exhaustion
      B. (Digital) Limitations and Exceptions to Copyright
      I. Limitations and exceptions as part of the copyright system
      1. consent barrier
      2. different roles of L&Es
      3. L&Es in current EU copyright policy
      II. L&Es in the EU copyright system
      1. L&Es of the InfoSoc Directive
      2. exhaustive list of Article 5 InfoSoc
      3. dominance of exclusive rights
      4. narrow scope of L&Es
      a. Narrow interpretation of L&Es
      b. turn of the tide
      III. Categories of L&Es for digital uses - Content and processes
      1. Fundamental rights
      2. Commercial vs. non-commercial uses
      3. User-generated content
      4. Copy-reliant technologies
      5. Technological processes - facilitating the Internet
      IV. Adapting L&Es for digital uses
      1. Extension of L&Es
      a. Creating a dangerous precedent
      b. Expected repetitions
      c. Continuing inflexibility and uncertainty
      d. uncertainties of implementation
      2. Altered interpretation
      a. Wide interpretation
      b. Extension by analogy
      c. Limits of non-restrictive interpretation
      3. three-step test
      a. Origins of a 'flexible' norm
      b. three-step test in EU copyright
      c. untapped potential of the three-step test - making the test work
      i. Application by the judiciary
      ii. Each step revisited
      iii. Order of interpretation
      d. Limitations of the three-step test
      e. Making the test work
      4. Adopting fair use
      a. Advantages and disadvantages of fair use
      b. Is fair use really that flexible?
      c. Limitations of fair use
      d. Implanting fair use
      5. Including an open norm
      V. Revising L&Es for digital uses
      1. locus of an open norm
      2. notion of an open norm
      3. inspired open norm
      a. Fundamental rights and technological developments - shifting standards
      b. Abandoning restrictive interpretation
      c. Compatibility with the three-step test
      4. Introducing technological neutrality
      5. Addressing rightsholder concerns
      a. Economic interests
      b. Non-economic interests
      c. Limiting contractual freedom
      6. What future for L&Es?
      a. Ideally!
      b. Realistically?
      c. Critically
      C. Technological Protection Measures (TPMs)
      I. TPMs in modern copyright law
      1. ratio of TPMs
      2. relevance of TPMS
      a. Control over content
      b. Trust and security
      II. Legal protection of TPMs
      1. Legislation on TPMs
      2. Interpretation of Article 6 InfoSoc Directive
      a. TPMs and fair remuneration
      b. TPMs and control
      III. Claiming access - circumventing TPMs
      1. Mod-chips and consoles
      2. Breaking files and access-controls
      3. Excluding 'lawful circumvention'
      a. Digital exception
      b. Exclusion by contract
      4. Uncertainties and the territorial dimension
      IV. Disabling legal uses
      1. Over-employment
      2. Technological limits
      V. Protecting rights - protecting use(r)s
      1. ability to enable
      2. ability to protect interests
      a. Property rights
      b. Fundamental rights
      c. Rebalanced TPMs
      VI. Do TPMs need reform?
      1. TPMs protect business models
      2. Clarification of the relation between TPMs and L&Es
      a. Primacy of L&Es over TPMs
      b. Removal of effective obstacles
      c. Increased efficiency
      3. Technological measures in the digital market
      a. Steps in the right direction
      b. Legislative tasks
      D. Collective Copyright Management
      I. Collective management in a nutshell
      1. Collective rights management in a historical perspective
      2. Systematic territoriality
      3. Collective management in the copyright acquis
      II. Collective copyright management in multi-territorial digital markets
      1. Legal responses to economic solutions in the EU
      a. IFPI Simulcasting: exception for concerted practices
      b. CISAC: a crackdown on segmented markets
      c. Impetus for anti-territorial legislation
      2. early cross-sectoral approach
      a. Parliament's Resolution
      b. Commission's reply
      3. Shifting licensing landscapes
      a. Narrowed scope: online music services
      b. Relations between CMOs, users and rightsholders
      c. Abandoning territorial licensing
      d. Split repertoires
      e. No effective harmonization
      4. Collective management and multi-territorial licensing
      a. Control of CMO activities
      i. Options
      ii. Policy choice
      b. Multi-territorial licensing for musical works
      i. Options
      ii. Policy choice
      c. proposed Directive on Collective Management
      i. Governance and transparency
      ii. Multi-territorial licensing
      d. Critique
      e. final Directive
      i. Definition of CMO
      ii. Governance and transparency
      iii. Multi-territorial licensing
      iv. Individualized exercise of exclusive online-rights
      III. future of multi-territoriality and modern digital distribution
      1. Unadopted solutions and their merits and shortcomings
      a. Extended collective licensing
      b. country-of-origin principle
      IV. Collective management in a digital environment
      1. Transversal issues
      a. CMOs and copyright L&Es
      b. CMOs and TPMs, complementing or replacing?
      Contents note continued: 2. future of EU collective management
      A. Essential Pillars for a European Copyright System
      I. Efficient copyright management
      II. Defining the balance in copyright - "Guided Flexibility"
      1. Terminological injustice
      2. Defining the actors
      a. Users
      b. Intermediaries
      3. Finding the balance
      a. balance must be flexible
      b. balance must be based on principles
      c. balance must be fair
      B. Pieces and the Puzzle
      C. Legislative options for the "Copyright Dilemma"
      I. Update of the InfoSoc Directive
      1. Defining exclusive rights
      2. Pandora's Box of L&Es
      3. Complementary additions
      II. European Copyright Code
      1. Advantages of coherent and directly applicable legislation
      2. Territoriality, again! The inefficiency of 'mere' harmonization
      III. Unitary Copyright
      1. Scope of a unitary copyright title
      a. Replacing national titles
      b. Sectoral protection
      c. Parallel existing titles or replacement of national copyrights
      2. 'elegant' solution
      3. perspective for a unitary copyright title
      IV. One out of three?
      1. Urgent problems need quick responses
      2. word on competence
      D. Perspective.
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