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    Sociology of North American sport / George H. Sage, D. Stanley Eitzen, Becky Beal.

    • Title:Sociology of North American sport / George H. Sage, D. Stanley Eitzen, Becky Beal.
    •    
    • Author/Creator:Sage, George Harvey, author.
    • Published/Created:New York : Oxford University Press , [2019]
      © 2019.
    • Holdings

       
    • Library of Congress Subjects:Sports--Social aspects--United States.
      Sports--Social aspects--Canada.
      Sports--United States--Sociological aspects.
      Sports--Canada--Sociological aspects.
    • Edition:Eleventh edition.
    • Description:xvi, 460 pages ; illustrations ; 24 cm
    • Summary:Now in its eleventh edition, Sociology of North American Sport offers a compact yet comprehensive and integrated perspective on sport in North American society. Bringing a unique viewpoint to the subject, George H. Sage, D. Stanley Eitzen, and Becky Beal analyze and, in turn, demythologize sport. This method promotes an understanding of how a sociological perspective differs from commonsense perceptions about sport and society, helping students to understand sport in a new way.
    • Notes:"© 2019, 2016, 2013 by Oxford University Press"--T.p. verso.
      Includes bibliographical references and index.
    • ISBN:9780190854102 (paperback)
      0190854103
      9780190854133 (loose leaf)
      0190854138
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: 1. Sociological Analysis of Sport in North American Society
      Overview of Sociology of Sport as a Field of Study
      Pervasiveness of Sport
      Discipline of Sociology
      Assumptions of the Sociological Perspective
      Thinking as a Sociologist: Sociological Imagination
      Units of Sociological Analysis
      Sociological Theories: Contrasting Ways to See and Understand Social Life
      Functionalism
      Conflict Theory
      Conflict/Cultural Social Theories
      Interactionist Theory
      Sociological Theories and Sociology of Sport: Our Position
      Sport as a Microcosm of Society
      Common Characteristics of Sport and Society
      Levels of Sport
      Informal Sport
      Organized Sport
      Corporate Sport
      Summary
      Notes
      2. Social and Cultural Transformations and the Rise of Sport in North America
      Pre-Columbian and Colonial Traditions in North America
      Colonists Restrict Physical Activities
      Early Nineteenth Century: Takeoff of Industrialization, Technology, and Organized Sport
      Building a Framework for Organized Sport
      Technological Revolution and Sport
      Latter Nineteenth Century: The Beginnings of Modern Sport
      Urbanization and the Rise of Modern Sport Forms
      Technological Innovation and Sport: Transportation
      Technological Innovation and Sport: Communication
      Technological Innovation and Equipment to Play Modern Sports
      Other Technological Breakthroughs and Sport
      Cult of Manliness and Sport
      Muscular Christianity and Intellectuals
      Social Philosophy and Organized Sport
      Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries: The Modern World and Sport
      Maturing of Modern Sport
      Twentieth-Century Technology and Sport: Transportation
      Technological Revolution and Sport: Communication
      Other Technological Innovations and Sport
      Sport in Education
      Summary
      Notes
      3. Sport and North American Culture and Values
      Culture, Values, and Social Theories
      Sport as a Microcosm of Cultural Values
      North American Value System
      Individual Striving for Success
      Competition: The Fundamental Social Process
      Socially Valued Means to Achieve
      Progress Overcomes the Status Quo
      Materialism: Acquisitions and Consumption
      Social Conformity
      North American Social Values and Sport
      Competition and Success in Sport
      Valued Means of Achievement in Sport
      Progress in Sport
      Materialism in Sport
      External Conformity in Sport
      Summary
      Notes
      4. Social Problems and North American Sport: Violence and Substance Abuse
      Overview of Social Problems in Sport
      Social Theories and Social Problems
      Examples of Significant Social Problems in Sport
      Violence in North American Society
      Violence in Historical Context
      Contemporary Violence in North America
      Violence in Sport: Terminology, Theories
      Is It Violence or Aggression? Confusion in the Literature
      Theories About the Connection Between Aggressive Behavior and Sport
      Aggression Theories and Research on Sports
      Violence in North American Sport
      Violence as Part of North American Sports
      Fostering and Supporting Player Violence
      Violent Behavior of Athletes in Their Personal Lives
      Sources for Violence by Male Athletes in Their Private Lives
      Athletes' Violence Against Teammates: Hazing
      Sports Fans: Violent and Abusive Actions
      Factors Associated with Fan Violence
      Game and Postgame Violence
      Reducing Fan Violence and Abusive Behavior
      Substance Abuse and Sport
      Substance Abuse Not New to Sports
      Scope of Current Substance Abuse in Sport
      Anabolic Steroids: Promises Big and Strong
      Sports Anti-Doping Programs in North America
      Social/Cultural Influences and Substance Abuse Among Athletes
      Can Substance Abuse in Sports Be Reduced, Even Prevented?
      Summary
      Notes
      5. Sport, Social Stratification, and Social Mobility
      Terminology and Theory in Social Stratification and Mobility
      Basic Terminology in Social Stratification
      Dimensions of Inequality
      Social Class and Sport
      Adult Participation Preferences for Sports by Socioeconomic Status
      Youth Sport Participation by Socioeconomic Status
      Spectator Preferences for Sports by Socioeconomic Status
      Segregation in Sports by Social Class
      Social Mobility and the United States and Canada
      Sport as a Mobility Escalator
      Demythologizing the Social Mobility-Through-Sport Hypothesis
      Summary
      Notes
      6. Racial-Ethnic Minorities and Sport
      Racial-Ethnic Minorities: Social Theories and Relevant Concepts
      Social Theories and Race and Minorities
      Relevant Concepts About Race
      Sports Participation Among Racial-Ethnic Minorities
      History of African American Involvement in U.S. Sport
      Latino Involvement in North American Sport
      Asian American Involvement in North American Sport
      Native North American Involvement in Sport
      Effects of Globalization on Ethnic Diversity in North American Sport
      African American Dominance in Sport
      Race-Linked Physical Differences
      Race-Linked Cultural Differences
      Social Structure Constraints
      Racial Discrimination in Sport
      Stacking
      Leadership, Administration, and Authority
      Summary
      Notes
      7. Gender in North American Sport: Continuity and Change
      Social Theories and Gender Relations
      Constructing and Reproducing Gender Relations Through Sport
      Heritage of Gender Inequality in Sport
      Social Sources of Gender Inequality in Sport
      Parental Childrearing Practices and Gender Construction
      School and Gender Construction
      Mass Media and Gender Construction
      Nicknames, Mascots, and Heroines
      Females Surmount Social Barriers to Participation in Sport
      Negative Myths
      Women's Struggle for Opportunity and Equality in Sport
      From Boys-Only Youth Sports to Opportunities for Both Sexes
      Title IX: Federal Government Support for Gender Equity
      Toward Gender Equity in High School Sports
      Gender Equity in Intercollegiate Sports
      Men Rule in the Coaching and Administration of Women's Sports
      High School and College Women's Coaching Positions
      High School and College Administrative/Management Positions
      Ownership, Management, and Coaching in Professional and Olympic Sports
      Coaching and Administration/Management in U.S. and Canadian Olympic Organizations
      Reasons for the Persistence of Men in Coaching and Administering Women's Sports
      Women Athletes' Careers at the Professional and Olympic Levels of Sport
      Female Olympic Athletes
      Gender Equality in Sport?
      Sport, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation
      Summary
      Notes
      8. Youth and Sport
      Youth Sports Programs: Something for Everyone
      Social Theories and Youth Sports
      Rise of Youth Sports Programs: The Takeoff and Expansion of a New Form of Sport
      Objectives of Youth Sports Programs
      What Do Young Athletes, Their Parents, and Coaches Want from Sports?
      Socialization and Sport: Involvement in Sport and Its Consequences
      Socialization into Sport: Why Do Children Become Involved in Organized Sports?
      Families
      Parents
      Siblings
      Peers
      Coaches
      Schools
      Mass Media
      Participants: Youth Athletes
      Socialization via Sport: Process and Outcomes
      Two Forms of Play: Peer Group and Adult Organized
      Development of Personal-Social Attributes Through Sport
      Youth Orientation Toward Sport
      Sportsmanship in Youth Sports
      Character Development in Youth Sports
      Potential Psychosocial Problems in Youth Sports
      Adult Intrusion in Youth Sports
      Disruption of Education
      Risk of Injury
      "Winning-Is-the-Only-Thing" Ethic and Youth Sports
      Sports Alternatives for the Young Athlete
      Emphasizing Personal Growth and Self-Actualization
      Alternative Sports
      Cooperative Games
      Youth Sports Coaches
      Bill of Rights for Young Athletes
      Summary
      Notes
      9. Interscholastic Sport
      Social Theories and Interscholastic Sports
      Status of Sport in Secondary Schools
      Consequences of Sport for Schools, Communities, and Individuals
      Consequences of Sport for the High School
      Consequences of Sport for the Community
      Consequences of Sport for Participants
      Problems, Dilemmas, and Controversies
      Subversion of Educational Goals
      Reinforcement of Gender Roles
      Cheating
      Unsportsmanlike Behavior of Fans
      Autocratic Coaches
      Excessive Pressures to Win
      Elitism
      Sport Specialization
      Budget Shortfalls
      Corporate High School Sport Programs
      Efforts to Reform High School Sports
      Summary
      Notes
      10. Intercollegiate Sport
      Beginning and Development of College Sports
      Student-Centered College Sport Remains
      College Sport as Big Business
      Social Theories and Their Role in Colleges and Universities
      Functionalism and Big-Time College Sports
      Conflict/Culturalism and Big-Time College Sports
      Beliefs and Reality About Big-Time Sport Functions
      Further Consequences of the Commercial Orientation of Big-Time College Sports
      Contradiction: Athletes as Amateurs in a Big-Business Environment
      NCAA and Student-Athletes
      Enforcement of "Amateurism"
      Intercollegiate Sport and Disability
      Appeals for Paying Athletes a Salary
      Restriction of Athletes' Rights
      Educational Performance and Student-Athletes
      Academic Predictions for Student-Athletes at College
      Academic Achievement and College Athletes
      Graduation Rates and Student- Athletes
      Impediments to Scholarly Achievement by College Athletes
      Reform Initiatives and Intercollegiate Sports
      Contents note continued: Administration of Intercollegiate Sports
      Emphasizing the Education of Student-Athletes
      Commitment to Athletes' Rights
      Summary
      Notes
      11. Sport and the Economy
      Professional Sport as a Business
      Social Theories and the Economy
      Professional Team Sports as Monopolies
      Public Subsidization of Professional Team Franchises
      Ownership for Profit
      Radical Question: Are Owners Necessary?
      Who Benefits Economically from Sports?
      Professional Athletes' Earnings
      Auxiliary Professions and Occupations in Sport
      Sport-Related Businesses
      Corporate Advertising in Sport
      Relationship Between Owners and Athletes
      Draft and the Reserve Clause
      Professional Team Sport Athletes Fight for Free Agency
      Amateur Sport as a Business
      Ambiguous Case: Intercollegiate Sports and Amateurism
      Economics of Collegiate Sport
      Gambling and Sport
      Issues About Sports Betting in the United States
      Issues About Sports Betting in Canada
      Sports Gambling and College Students
      Summary
      Notes
      12. Sport and the Mass Media
      Social Roles of the Mass Media
      Prominent and Subtle Roles of the Media
      Mass Media and Social Theories
      Symbiosis of Mass Media and Sport
      Enduring Linkages Between the Mass Media and Sport
      Television: The Monster of the Sports World
      Increasing TV Sports Coverage
      Economic Aspects of Televised Sports
      Television's Influence on Sport
      Increases in Sport Revenue
      Television Drives Shifts in Popularity of Sports
      Professional Sports Franchise Locations and the Media
      Television: The Financial Foundation for Big-Time Intercollegiate Sport
      Television Taps High School Sports
      Modifying Sports to Accommodate TV
      Television's Own Sports
      Televised Sport as a Socially Mediated Event
      Impact of Sport on the Mass Media
      Increased Sport in the Media
      Sport's Privileged Treatment by the Media
      Sports Consumers and the Mass Media
      Internet: The Newest Form of Mass Communications for Sports
      Integration of the Internet, Television, Computers, and Video Games
      Social Media: Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter
      Media Sport: Gender, Race, and Disabilities Issues
      Reproduction of Hegemonic Masculinity in Media Sport
      Media Sport and Gender Inequities
      Media Sport and Racial and Ethnic Inequities
      Media Sport and Disabilities Inequities
      Sports Journalism and the Mass Media
      Sportscasters: Narrators of Mediated Sport
      Minority Sport Journalists and Broadcasters
      Women Sport Journalists and Broadcasters
      Summary
      Notes
      13. Sport and Politics
      Politics as a Social Institution
      Social Theories and Politics
      Intertwining of Politics and Sports
      Political Uses of Sport
      Sport as a Vehicle for Propaganda
      Sport and Nationalism
      Sport as an Opiate of the Masses
      Exploitation of Sport by Politicians
      Sport as a Vehicle of Change in Society
      Globalization and Sport
      Political Olympic Games
      Political Problems and the Olympic Movement
      Proposals for Reforming the Olympic Games
      Summary
      Notes
      14. Sport and Religion
      Relationship Between Religion and Society
      Personal and Social Roles of Religion
      Historical Affiliation Between Religion and Sport
      Ancient Greece: Creators of Organized Sports Events
      Early Christian Church and Roman Sport Spectacles
      Pre-Columbian Societies: Sport in the Americas
      Reformation and Protestantism in the North American Colonies
      Religious Objections to Sport Declined in the Nineteenth Century
      Religion and Sport Conciliation
      Sport as Religion
      Similarities Between Sport and Religion
      Critical Views About Sport as Religion
      Religion Uses Sport
      Churches
      Religious Leaders Embrace Sport
      Church Colleges and Universities
      Religious Organizations and Sports
      Fellowship of Christian Athletes
      Religion and Professional Sports Organizations
      Sport and Religion Publications
      Missionary Work of Churches and Sport
      Religious Evangelizing by Athletes and Coaches
      Promise Keepers: Patriarchy, Gender, and Sexuality
      Sportianity Confronting Social Issues
      Value Orientations of Religion and Sport
      Protestant Ethic and Sports
      Protestantism and Contemporary Sport
      Sport Uses Religion
      Use of Prayer and Divine Intervention
      Use of Magic
      Magic and Its Uses in Sports
      Summary
      Notes
      15. Contemporary Trends and the Future of Sport in North America
      Demographic Trends in North America
      Population Composition
      Location of Population
      Population Trends and Sport
      Dominating Forces in Our Lives: Work, Technology, and Sporting Activities
      Information/Service North American Society
      Information/Service Workplace and Sporting Activities
      Future Society and Sport
      Cerebral Sports of the Future
      Violent Sports of the Future
      Technology and Future Sport
      Counterpoint to Technosports: Ecosports
      Trends in the Economy and Future Sports
      Rise of Neoliberalism and Sport for Development and Peace
      Future of Professional Sports
      Future of Televised Sports
      Internet Technology and Sports Viewing
      Video Technology and Sports Video Games
      Intercollegiate Athletics and the Future
      Secondary School Sports and the Future
      Trends in Social Values and Future Sport
      Quest for Democracy and Equality
      Trends in Sports Values
      People with Disabilities and Sport
      Senior Populations and Sport
      LGBTQ in Sport
      New Emphasis on Participation and Cooperation
      Troubling Trend: Sports Incivility
      Summary
      Notes.
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