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    International human rights law / edited by Daniel Moeckli, University of Zurich ; Sangeeta Shah, University of Nottingham ; Sandesh Sivakumaran, University of Nottingham ; consultant editor: David Harris, Professor Emeritus and Co-Director, Human Rights Law Centre, University of Nottingham.

    • Title:International human rights law / edited by Daniel Moeckli, University of Zurich ; Sangeeta Shah, University of Nottingham ; Sandesh Sivakumaran, University of Nottingham ; consultant editor: David Harris, Professor Emeritus and Co-Director, Human Rights Law Centre, University of Nottingham.
    •    
    • Other Contributors/Collections:Moeckli, Daniel, editor.
      Shah, Sangeeta, editor.
      Sivakumaran, Sandesh, editor.
      Harris, D. J. (David John), editor.
    • Published/Created:Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press, [2018]
      ©2018
    • Holdings

       
    • Library of Congress Subjects:Human rights.
    • Edition:Third edition.
    • Description:lviii, 644 pages ; 25 cm
    • Summary:'International Human Rights Law' offers a thought-provoking consideration of the subject, from its philosophical foundations to contemporary challenges, with contributions from leading experts. Critical & detailed, it covers all elements of a traditional international human rights course & is suitable for use as a stand-alone textbook.
    • Notes:First edition: 2010.
      Includes bibliographical references and index.
    • ISBN:9780198767237 paperback
      0198767234 paperback
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: 1. History
      Summary / Ed Bates
      1. Introduction / Ed Bates
      2. Human rights on the domestic plane / Ed Bates
      2.1. Enlightenment thinkers / Ed Bates
      2.2. Human rights transformed into positive law / Ed Bates
      2.3. Nineteenth-century challenges to natural rights / Ed Bates
      2.4. Domestic protection of human rights today / Ed Bates
      3. Human rights on the international plane before the Second World War / Ed Bates
      3.1. International humanitarian law and the abolition of the slave trade / Ed Bates
      3.2. protection of minorities and the League of Nations / Ed Bates
      4. Human rights on the international plane after the Second World War / Ed Bates
      4.1. Crimes against humanity / Ed Bates
      4.2. UN Charter / Ed Bates
      4.3. Universal Declaration of Human Rights / Ed Bates
      5. Conclusion / Ed Bates
      Further Reading / Ed Bates
      Useful Websites / Ed Bates
      2. Justifications / Ed Bates
      Summary / Samantha Besson
      1. Introduction / Samantha Besson
      2. Why justify human rights / Samantha Besson
      2.1. Explaining justification / Samantha Besson
      2.2. Justifying justification / Samantha Besson
      3. How to justify human rights / Samantha Besson
      3.1. Justifications of moral and legal rights / Samantha Besson
      3.2. Moral and legal justifications of moral and legal rights / Samantha Besson
      4. Which justifications for human rights / Samantha Besson
      4.1. plurality of justifications / Samantha Besson
      4.2. Two potential justifications / Samantha Besson
      5. What follows from the justification of human rights / Samantha Besson
      5.1. Human rights justifications and the universality of human rights / Samantha Besson
      5.2. Human rights justifications and the stringency of human rights / Samantha Besson
      6. Conclusion / Samantha Besson
      Further Reading / Samantha Besson
      Useful Websites / Samantha Besson
      3. Critiques / Samantha Besson
      Summary / Marie-Benedicte Dembour
      1. Introduction / Marie-Benedicte Dembour
      2. Early critiques / Marie-Benedicte Dembour
      2.1. realist critique / Marie-Benedicte Dembour
      2.2. utilitarian critique / Marie-Benedicte Dembour
      2.3. Marxist critique / Marie-Benedicte Dembour
      3. More recent critiques / Marie-Benedicte Dembour
      3.1. cultural relativist or particularist critique / Marie-Benedicte Dembour
      3.2. feminist critique / Marie-Benedicte Dembour
      3.3. post-colonial critique / Marie-Benedicte Dembour
      4. Conclusion / Marie-Benedicte Dembour
      Further Reading / Marie-Benedicte Dembour
      4. Sources / Marie-Benedicte Dembour
      Summary / Christine Chinkin
      1. Introduction / Christine Chinkin
      2. Formal sources / Christine Chinkin
      3. Treaties / Christine Chinkin
      3.1. principal treaties / Christine Chinkin
      3.2. importance of treaties / Christine Chinkin
      3.3. Revitalizing the treaty system / Christine Chinkin
      4. Customary international law / Christine Chinkin
      5. Jus cogens / Christine Chinkin
      6. General principles of law / Christine Chinkin
      7. Judicial decisions / Christine Chinkin
      7.1. Interaction at the international and regional levels / Christine Chinkin
      7.2. Interaction between national courts / Christine Chinkin
      7.3. Human rights litigation / Christine Chinkin
      8. Writings of jurists / Christine Chinkin
      9. Other sources / Christine Chinkin
      9.1. Work of treaty bodies / Christine Chinkin
      9.2. Resolutions of international institutions / Christine Chinkin
      9.3. Other forms of soft law / Christine Chinkin
      10. Conclusion / Christine Chinkin
      Further Reading / Christine Chinkin
      Useful Websites / Christine Chinkin
      5. Nature Of Obligations / Christine Chinkin
      Summary / Frederic Megret
      1. Introduction / Frederic Megret
      2. relationship of human rights to general international law / Frederic Megret
      3. 'special character' of human rights obligations / Frederic Megret
      4. Reservations / Frederic Megret
      4.1. Permissibility / Frederic Megret
      4.2. Responsibility for assessment / Frederic Megret
      4.3. Consequences / Frederic Megret
      5. Implementation of human rights obligations / Frederic Megret
      5.1. Respect / Frederic Megret
      5.2. Protect / Frederic Megret
      5.3. Fulfil / Frederic Megret
      6. Varying degrees of human rights obligations / Frederic Megret
      6.1. Limitations / Frederic Megret
      6.2. margin of appreciation / Frederic Megret
      6.3. Derogations / Frederic Megret
      7. Remedies for violations of human rights obligations / Frederic Megret
      8. Withdrawal / Frederic Megret
      9. Conclusion / Frederic Megret
      Further Reading / Frederic Megret
      6. Scope Of Application / Frederic Megret
      Summary / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      1. Introduction / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      2. Who has human rights obligations? / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      3. Who has human rights? / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      3.1. Non-nationals / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      3.2. unborn / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      3.3. Artificial entities / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      4. For which entities is a state responsible? / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      4.1. Private actors / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      4.2. International organizations / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      4.3. Other states / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      5. Where do human rights apply? / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      5.1. ECHR / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      5.2. ACHR / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      5.3. African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      5.4. ICCPR / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      5.5. ICESCR / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      5.6. Overall assessment / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      6. Conclusion / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      Further Reading / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      7. Categories Of Rights / Sarah Joseph / Sam Dipnall
      Summary / Theo van Boven
      1. Introduction / Theo van Boven
      2. Categories of human rights / Theo van Boven
      2.1. Economic, social, cultural rights/civil, political rights / Theo van Boven
      2.2. Rights of individuals/rights of collectivities / Theo van Boven
      2.3. One-dimensional/composite rights / Theo van Boven
      3. Interdependence and indivisibility of all human rights / Theo van Boven
      4. Core rights / Theo van Boven
      5. New human rights? / Theo van Boven
      6. Conclusion / Theo van Boven
      Further Reading / Theo van Boven
      8. Equality And Non-Discrimination / Theo van Boven
      Summary / Daniel Moeckli
      1. Introduction / Daniel Moeckli
      2. meaning of equality and non-discrimination / Daniel Moeckli
      2.1. Formal equality / Daniel Moeckli
      2.2. Substantive equality / Daniel Moeckli
      3. Equality and non-discrimination in international law / Daniel Moeckli
      3.1. Sources / Daniel Moeckli
      3.2. Scope: subordinate and autonomous norms / Daniel Moeckli
      3.3. Prohibited grounds of distinction / Daniel Moeckli
      4. Direct and indirect discrimination / Daniel Moeckli
      4.1. Direct discrimination / Daniel Moeckli
      4.2. Indirect discrimination / Daniel Moeckli
      4.3. Discriminatory intention / Daniel Moeckli
      5. Justified and unjustified distinctions / Daniel Moeckli
      5.1. justification test / Daniel Moeckli
      5.2. Standard of review / Daniel Moeckli
      5.3. Evidence and proof / Daniel Moeckli
      6. Positive action / Daniel Moeckli
      7. Conclusion / Daniel Moeckli
      Further Reading / Daniel Moeckli
      Useful Websites / Daniel Moeckli
      9. Integrity Of The Person / Daniel Moeckli
      Summary / Nigel S. Rodley
      1. Introduction / Nigel S. Rodley
      1.1. Respect for human dignity / Nigel S. Rodley
      1.2. right to integrity of the person / Nigel S. Rodley
      2. right to be free from torture and ill-treatment / Nigel S. Rodley
      2.1. Sources / Nigel S. Rodley
      2.2. Legal status / Nigel S. Rodley
      2.3. Components / Nigel S. Rodley
      2.4. Types of obligation / Nigel S. Rodley
      2.5. Relationship with other human rights / Nigel S. Rodley
      3. right to life / Nigel S. Rodley
      3.1. Sources / Nigel S. Rodley
      3.2. Legal status / Nigel S. Rodley
      3.3. Scope: beginning and end of life / Nigel S. Rodley
      3.4. Components / Nigel S. Rodley
      3.5. Types of obligation / Nigel S. Rodley
      3.6. Relationship with other human rights / Nigel S. Rodley
      4. Conclusion / Nigel S. Rodley
      Further Reading / Nigel S. Rodley
      Useful Websites / Nigel S. Rodley
      10. Adequate Standard Of Living / Nigel S. Rodley
      Summary / Asbjorn Eide
      1. Introduction / Asbjorn Eide
      2. Meaning and features / Asbjorn Eide
      2.1. Duties of the individual / Asbjorn Eide
      2.2. State obligations / Asbjorn Eide
      2.3. Equality and non-discrimination as an overarching principle / Asbjorn Eide
      3. Normative content / Asbjorn Eide
      3.1. right to food / Asbjorn Eide
      3.2. right to housing / Asbjorn Eide
      3.3. right to health / Asbjorn Eide
      4. Categories and groups of people / Asbjorn Eide
      4.1. Women / Asbjorn Eide
      4.2. Children / Asbjorn Eide
      4.3. Indigenous peoples / Asbjorn Eide
      4.4. Dalits in South Asia and Roma in Europe / Asbjorn Eide
      5. Relationship with other human rights / Asbjorn Eide
      5.1. right to social security and social assistance / Asbjorn Eide
      Contents note continued: 5.2. Civil and political rights / Asbjorn Eide
      6. Progressive implementation / Asbjorn Eide
      7. importance of international monitoring and recourse procedures / Asbjorn Eide
      8. Conclusion / Asbjorn Eide
      Further Reading / Asbjorn Eide
      Useful Websites / Asbjorn Eide
      11. Thought, Expression, Association, And Assembly / Asbjorn Eide
      Summary / Dominic McGoldrick
      1. Introduction / Dominic McGoldrick
      1.1. Four freedoms and their relationships / Dominic McGoldrick
      1.2. Limitations / Dominic McGoldrick
      2. Freedom of thought, conscience, and religion / Dominic McGoldrick
      2.1. Sources / Dominic McGoldrick
      2.2. Scope / Dominic McGoldrick
      2.3. Freedom of religion or belief / Dominic McGoldrick
      2.4. Limitations / Dominic McGoldrick
      3. Freedom of opinion and expression / Dominic McGoldrick
      3.1. Sources / Dominic McGoldrick
      3.2. Scope / Dominic McGoldrick
      3.3. Limitations / Dominic McGoldrick
      4. Freedom of association / Dominic McGoldrick
      4.1. Sources / Dominic McGoldrick
      4.2. Scope / Dominic McGoldrick
      4.3. Limitations / Dominic McGoldrick
      5. Freedom of assembly / Dominic McGoldrick
      5.1. Sources / Dominic McGoldrick
      5.2. Scope / Dominic McGoldrick
      5.3. Limitations / Dominic McGoldrick
      6. Conclusion / Dominic McGoldrick
      Further Reading / Dominic McGoldrick
      Useful Websites / Dominic McGoldrick
      12. Education And Work / Dominic McGoldrick
      Summary / Fons Coomans
      1. Introduction / Fons Coomans
      2. right to education / Fons Coomans
      2.1. Sources / Fons Coomans
      2.2. Features / Fons Coomans
      2.3. aims of education / Fons Coomans
      2.4. Components / Fons Coomans
      2.5. Types of obligations / Fons Coomans
      2.6. Relationship with other human rights / Fons Coomans
      3. right to work and work-related rights / Fons Coomans
      3.1. Sources / Fons Coomans
      3.2. Features / Fons Coomans
      3.3. Components / Fons Coomans
      3.4. Obligations / Fons Coomans
      3.5. Relationship with other human rights / Fons Coomans
      4. Conclusion / Fons Coomans
      Further Reading / Fons Coomans
      Useful Websites / Fons Coomans
      13. Detention And Trial / Fons Coomans
      Summary / Sangeeta Shah
      1. Introduction / Sangeeta Shah
      2. Freedom from arbitrary detention / Sangeeta Shah
      2.1. Sources / Sangeeta Shah
      2.2. Scope and types of obligations / Sangeeta Shah
      2.3. Permissible deprivations of liberty / Sangeeta Shah
      2.4. Guarantees to those deprived of their liberty / Sangeeta Shah
      2.5. Emergency detention powers / Sangeeta Shah
      3. Enforced disappearance / Sangeeta Shah
      4. Security of the person / Sangeeta Shah
      5. right to a fair trial / Sangeeta Shah
      5.1. Sources / Sangeeta Shah
      5.2. Scope and types of obligations / Sangeeta Shah
      5.3. Generally applicable fair trial guarantees / Sangeeta Shah
      5.4. Fair trial guarantees in criminal proceedings / Sangeeta Shah
      6. Conclusion / Sangeeta Shah
      Further Reading / Sangeeta Shah
      Useful Websites / Sangeeta Shah
      14. Cultural Rights / Sangeeta Shah
      Summary / Julie Ringelheim
      1. Introduction / Julie Ringelheim
      2. What is 'cultural life'? / Julie Ringelheim
      2.1. From high culture to popular culture / Julie Ringelheim
      2.2. From culture as the life of the mind to culture as a way of life / Julie Ringelheim
      3. right to take part in cultural life / Julie Ringelheim
      3.1. normative content of the right to take part in cultural life / Julie Ringelheim
      3.2. Groups requiring special attention / Julie Ringelheim
      3.3. Limitations to the right / Julie Ringelheim
      4. right to science / Julie Ringelheim
      5. rights of authors and inventors / Julie Ringelheim
      5.1. Human rights and intellectual property / Julie Ringelheim
      5.2. content and limitations of the right under Article 15(1)(c) ICESCR / Julie Ringelheim
      6. Conclusion / Julie Ringelheim
      Further Reading / Julie Ringelheim
      Useful Websites / Julie Ringelheim
      15. Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity / Julie Ringelheim
      Summary / Michael O'Flaherty
      1. Introduction / Michael O'Flaherty
      2. Forms of vulnerability / Michael O'Flaherty
      3. Review of law and jurisprudence / Michael O'Flaherty
      3.1. Protection of privacy rights / Michael O'Flaherty
      3.2. Discrimination / Michael O'Flaherty
      3.3. General human rights protection / Michael O'Flaherty
      4. Legal initiatives to bridge the gap between law and practice / Michael O'Flaherty
      5. Conclusion / Michael O'Flaherty
      Further Reading / Michael O'Flaherty
      Useful Websites / Michael O'Flaherty
      16. Women's Rights / Michael O'Flaherty
      Summary / Dianne Otto
      1. Introduction / Dianne Otto
      2. new era of non-discrimination on the ground of sex and equality with men / Dianne Otto
      2.1. position prior to 1945 / Dianne Otto
      2.2. UDHR and the international covenants / Dianne Otto
      3. substantive equality approach of CEDAW / Dianne Otto
      3.1. Towards a robust understanding of equality / Dianne Otto
      3.2. Limitations of the CEDAW approach / Dianne Otto
      4. Mainstreaming women's human rights / Dianne Otto
      4.1. Re-imagining the universal subject: the approach of the Human Rights Committee / Dianne Otto
      4.2. Analysing the relationship between gender and Racial Discrimination: the approach of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination / Dianne Otto
      4.3. Addressing the inequality of both women and men: the approach of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights / Dianne Otto
      4.4. Recognizing gender as a key factor: the approach of the Committee against Torture / Dianne Otto
      5. Conclusion / Dianne Otto
      Further Reading / Dianne Otto
      Useful Websites / Dianne Otto
      17. Children's Rights / Dianne Otto
      Summary / Geraldine Van Bueren
      1. Introduction / Geraldine Van Bueren
      2. international legal definition of childhood / Geraldine Van Bueren
      3. General principles / Geraldine Van Bueren
      3.1. Non-discrimination / Geraldine Van Bueren
      3.2. best interests of the child / Geraldine Van Bueren
      3.3. right to life, survival, and development / Geraldine Van Bueren
      3.4. right to be heard / Geraldine Van Bueren
      3.5. evolving capacity of the child / Geraldine Van Bueren
      4. 4Ps: protection, prevention, provision, and participation / Geraldine Van Bueren
      4.1. Protection / Geraldine Van Bueren
      4.2. Prevention / Geraldine Van Bueren
      4.3. Provision / Geraldine Van Bueren
      4.4. Participation / Geraldine Van Bueren
      5. Regional protection of children's rights / Geraldine Van Bueren
      5.1. Africa / Geraldine Van Bueren
      5.2. Americas / Geraldine Van Bueren
      5.3. Europe / Geraldine Van Bueren
      6. Conclusion / Geraldine Van Bueren
      Further Reading / Geraldine Van Bueren
      Useful Websites / Geraldine Van Bueren
      18. Group Rights / Geraldine Van Bueren
      Summary / Robert McCorquodale
      1. Introduction / Robert McCorquodale
      1.1. Group rights / Robert McCorquodale
      1.2. Group rights v rights of individuals / Robert McCorquodale
      1.3. Relevance of group rights / Robert McCorquodale
      2. right of self-determination / Robert McCorquodale
      2.1. Concept / Robert McCorquodale
      2.2. Definitions / Robert McCorquodale
      3. application of the right of self-determination / Robert McCorquodale
      3.1. Colonial context / Robert McCorquodale
      3.2. Outside the colonial context / Robert McCorquodale
      4. exercise of the right of self-determination / Robert McCorquodale
      4.1. External and internal self-determination / Robert McCorquodale
      4.2. Procedures for exercising the right of self-determination / Robert McCorquodale
      5. Limitations on the exercise of the right of self-determination / Robert McCorquodale
      5.1. Rights of others / Robert McCorquodale
      5.2. Territorial integrity / Robert McCorquodale
      5.3. Other limitations / Robert McCorquodale
      6. Minorities / Robert McCorquodale
      6.1. Defining 'minorities' / Robert McCorquodale
      6.2. Rights of minorities / Robert McCorquodale
      6.3. Exercise of minority rights / Robert McCorquodale
      6.4. Individual v group rights / Robert McCorquodale
      7. Indigenous peoples / Robert McCorquodale
      7.1. Defining 'indigenous peoples' / Robert McCorquodale
      7.2. rights of indigenous peoples / Robert McCorquodale
      7.3. Exercise of indigenous peoples' rights / Robert McCorquodale
      8. Conclusion / Robert McCorquodale
      Further Reading / Robert McCorquodale
      19. United Nations / Robert McCorquodale
      Summary / Jane Connors
      1. Introduction / Jane Connors
      2. Human Rights Council / Jane Connors
      2.1. 1946-2006: From the Commission on Human Rights to the Human Rights Council / Jane Connors
      2.2. Composition, working methods, and mandate / Jane Connors
      2.3. Universal Periodic Review / Jane Connors
      2.4. Responses to urgent situations / Jane Connors
      2.5. Special procedures / Jane Connors
      2.6. Complaint procedure / Jane Connors
      2.7. Human Rights Council Advisory Committee / Jane Connors
      2.8. Review and other discussions / Jane Connors
      2.9. Conclusion / Jane Connors
      3. treaty-based bodies / Jane Connors
      3.1. State reporting / Jane Connors
      3.2. General comments / Jane Connors
      3.3. Inquiries / Jane Connors
      Contents note continued: 3.4. Complaints procedures / Jane Connors
      3.5. Treaty body coordination, harmonization, reform, and strengthening / Jane Connors
      3.6. Conclusion / Jane Connors
      4. Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights / Jane Connors
      5. Human rights activities in other parts of the UN / Jane Connors
      5.1. General Assembly / Jane Connors
      5.2. Security Council / Jane Connors
      5.3. Secretary-General / Jane Connors
      5.4. International Court of Justice / Jane Connors
      6. Conclusion / Jane Connors
      Further Reading / Jane Connors
      Useful Websites / Jane Connors
      20. Regional Protection / Jane Connors
      Summary / Basak Cah
      1. Introduction / Basak Cah
      2. development of human rights norms at regional and UN levels / Basak Cah
      3. Regional human rights institutions / Basak Cah
      4. Convergence and divergence in regional human rights protection / Basak Cah
      4.1. Effective and harmonious interpretation / Basak Cah
      4.2. margin of appreciation in the regional human rights systems / Basak Cah
      5. Conclusion / Basak Cah
      Further Reading / Basak Cah
      Useful Websites / Basak Cah
      21. Americas / Basak Cah
      Summary / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      1. Introduction / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      2. Historical overview / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      3. American Convention on Human Rights / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      4. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      4.1. Structure and composition / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      4.2. Individual complaints procedures / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      4.3. Other roles of the Commission / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      5. Inter-American Court of Human Rights / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      5.1. Structure and composition / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      5.2. Contentious cases / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      5.3. Court-ordered reparations and state compliance / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      5.4. Interim measures / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      5.5. Advisory jurisdiction / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      6. Challenges to the Inter-American system / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      7. Conclusion / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      Further Reading / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      Useful Websites / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      22. Europe / Thomas M. Antkowiak
      Summary / Steven Greer
      1. Introduction / Steven Greer
      2. Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe / Steven Greer
      3. Council of Europe / Steven Greer
      3.1. Origins / Steven Greer
      3.2. Key institutions / Steven Greer
      3.3. Key instruments / Steven Greer
      4. European Convention on Human Rights / Steven Greer
      4.1. Substantive rights / Steven Greer
      4.2. Institutional and procedural background / Steven Greer
      4.3. Complaints procedures / Steven Greer
      4.4. Resolution of complaints / Steven Greer
      4.5. Supervision of the execution of judgments / Steven Greer
      5. European Union / Steven Greer
      5.1. Human rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union / Steven Greer
      5.2. Charter of Fundamental Rights / Steven Greer
      5.3. Fundamental Rights Agency and the Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship / Steven Greer
      6. Conclusion / Steven Greer
      Further Reading / Steven Greer
      Useful Websites / Steven Greer
      23. Africa / Steven Greer
      Summary / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      1. Introduction / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      2. Historical overview / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      3. African Charter and other relevant treaties / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      3.1. Norms recognized in the African Charter / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      3.2. Duties and limitations / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      3.3. Protection of women, children, and vulnerable groups / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      4. protective mechanisms / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      4.1. African Commission / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      4.2. African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      4.3. AU main organs and human rights / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      4.4. African Peer Review Mechanism / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      5. Conclusion / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      Further Reading / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      Useful Websites / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      24. Within The State / Magnus Killander / Christof Heyns
      Summary / Catherine Renshaw / Andrew Byrnes
      1. Introduction / Catherine Renshaw / Andrew Byrnes
      2. Substantive protections / Catherine Renshaw / Andrew Byrnes
      2.1. Incorporation of international human rights norms into domestic law / Catherine Renshaw / Andrew Byrnes
      2.2. Constitutional guarantees of human rights / Catherine Renshaw / Andrew Byrnes
      2.3. Legislative protection of human rights / Catherine Renshaw / Andrew Byrnes
      2.4. Common law protection of human rights / Catherine Renshaw / Andrew Byrnes
      3. Institutional protections / Andrew Byrnes / Catherine Renshaw
      3.1. courts / Andrew Byrnes / Catherine Renshaw
      3.2. executive / Andrew Byrnes / Catherine Renshaw
      3.3. legislature / Catherine Renshaw / Andrew Byrnes
      3.4. Other bodies / Catherine Renshaw / Andrew Byrnes
      4. Conclusion / Andrew Byrnes / Catherine Renshaw
      Further Reading / Andrew Byrnes / Catherine Renshaw
      Useful Websites / Catherine Renshaw / Andrew Byrnes
      25. International Humanitarian Law / Catherine Renshaw / Andrew Byrnes
      Summary / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      1. Introduction / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      2. What is international humanitarian law? / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      3. Different approaches; shared values / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      4. Reasons for the application of human rights law in armed conflict / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      4.1. Non-applicability of international humanitarian law / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      4.2. Generally higher standards of protection / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      4.3. Enforcement mechanisms / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      5. relationship between the two bodies of law / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      5.1. Rights exclusively matters of international humanitarian law / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      5.2. Rights exclusively matters of international human rights law / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      5.3. Rights matters of both international human rights law and international humanitarian law / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      5.4. alternative approach: regulation through application of international human rights law / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      6. Difficulties with the application of international human rights law to armed conflict / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      6.1. Asymmetrical obligations between the parties / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      6.2. Differential obligations within a coalition / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      6.3. Sphere of applicability: the extraterritorial application of human rights treaties / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      7. Conclusion / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      Further Reading / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      Useful Websites / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      26. International Criminal Law / Sandesh Sivakumaran
      Summary / Robert Cryer
      1. Introduction / Robert Cryer
      2. Human rights law and international crimes / Robert Cryer
      2.1. Genocide / Robert Cryer
      2.2. Crimes against humanity / Robert Cryer
      2.3. War crimes / Robert Cryer
      2.4. Aggression / Robert Cryer
      3. Prosecutions: international and national / Robert Cryer
      4. Non-prosecutorial options / Robert Cryer
      4.1. Amnesties / Robert Cryer
      4.2. Truth and reconciliation commissions / Robert Cryer
      5. Conclusion / Robert Cryer
      Further Reading / Robert Cryer
      Useful Websites / Robert Cryer
      27. International Refugee Law / Robert Cryer
      Summary / Alice Edwards
      1. Introduction / Alice Edwards
      2. What is international refugee law? / Alice Edwards
      3. Fundamental elements of international refugee law / Alice Edwards
      4. Relationship between the two bodies of law / Alice Edwards
      5. Human rights and refugee status / Alice Edwards
      6. Refugee non-refoulement and human rights / Alice Edwards
      7. protections accorded to refugees / Alice Edwards
      8. end of refugee status and solutions for refugees / Alice Edwards
      9. Conclusion / Alice Edwards
      Further Reading / Alice Edwards
      Useful Websites / Alice Edwards
      28. Non-State Actors / Alice Edwards
      Summary / Andrew Clapham
      1. Introduction / Andrew Clapham
      2. challenge of non-state actors: globalization, privatization, fragmentation, feminization, and criminalization / Andrew Clapham
      3. legal framework / Andrew Clapham
      3.1. Human rights treaties and the state's positive obligations / Andrew Clapham
      3.2. National law / Andrew Clapham
      4. obligations of international organizations / Andrew Clapham
      5. Corporate social responsibility and the move towards accountability / Andrew Clapham
      6. Armed non-state actors / Andrew Clapham
      6.1. UN Security Council's work on children and armed conflict / Andrew Clapham
      6.2. UN special procedures and ad hoc inquiries / Andrew Clapham
      6.3. Non-governmental reporting and engaging with armed non-state actors / Andrew Clapham
      7. Conclusion / Andrew Clapham
      Further Reading / Andrew Clapham
      Useful Websites / Andrew Clapham
      29. Terrorism / Andrew Clapham
      Summary / Martin Scheinin
      1. Introduction / Martin Scheinin
      2. Is terrorism a violation of human rights? / Martin Scheinin
      3. Applicability of human rights law in the fight against terrorism / Martin Scheinin
      Contents note continued: 3.1. Times of armed conflict or emergency / Martin Scheinin
      3.2. Extraterritorial applicability of human rights law / Martin Scheinin
      4. notion of terrorism and its misuse / Martin Scheinin
      5. Substantive challenges to human rights law in the fight against terrorism / Martin Scheinin
      5.1. Freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment / Martin Scheinin
      5.2. Right to liberty and right to a fair trial / Martin Scheinin
      5.3. Right to non-discrimination / Martin Scheinin
      5.4. Other human rights / Martin Scheinin
      6. institutional challenge: terrorist listing by the Security Council / Martin Scheinin
      7. Conclusion: will the pendulum be swinging back and forth? / Martin Scheinin
      Further Reading / Martin Scheinin
      Useful Websites / Martin Scheinin
      30. Poverty / Martin Scheinin
      Summary / Stephen P. Marks
      1. Introduction / Stephen P. Marks
      2. Poverty, human rights, and social justice / Stephen P. Marks
      2.1. Poverty and human rights / Stephen P. Marks
      2.2. Social justice and human rights / Stephen P. Marks
      3. Divergence of poverty reduction and human rights agendas / Stephen P. Marks
      3.1. Resistance to human rights discourse in economic thinking / Stephen P. Marks
      3.2. perspective of central banks and ministries of finance / Stephen P. Marks
      4. Convergence of poverty reduction and human rights agendas / Stephen P. Marks
      4.1. Trends in economic thinking congruent with human rights / Stephen P. Marks
      4.2. Human rights approaches in development policies and practices / Stephen P. Marks
      5. Conclusion / Stephen P. Marks
      Further Reading / Stephen P. Marks
      Useful Websites / Stephen P. Marks.
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