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    Seismic amplitude : an interpreter's handbook / Rob Simm, Cairn Energy PLC, Mike Bacon, Ikon Science Ltd.

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    • Title:Seismic amplitude : an interpreter's handbook / Rob Simm, Cairn Energy PLC, Mike Bacon, Ikon Science Ltd.
    •    
    • Author/Creator:Simm, R. (Robert), 1959- author.
    • Other Contributors/Collections:Bacon, M. (Michael), 1946- author.
    • Published/Created:Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press, 2014.

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    • Library of Congress Subjects:Seismic prospecting.
      Petroleum--Geology.
      Amplitude variation with offset analysis.
      Seismic traveltime inversion.
      Seismic reflection method.
      Seismology--Mathematical models.
    • Description:x, 271 pages : color illustrations ; 26 cm
    • Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
    • ISBN:9781107011502 (hardback)
      1107011507 (hardback)
    • Contents:Machine generated contents note: 1. Overview
      1.1. Introduction
      1.2. Philosophy, definitions and scope
      1.3. practice of seismic rock physics
      2. Fundamentals
      2.1. Introduction
      2.2. Seismic basics
      2.2.1. Seismic geometry
      2.2.2. Gathers and stacks
      2.3. Modelling for seismic interpretation
      2.3.1. convolutional model, wavelets and polarity
      2.3.2. Isotropic and elastic rock properties
      2.3.3. Offset reflectivity
      2.3.4. Types of seismic models
      2.3.5. Relating seismic data to models
      3. Seismic wavelets and resolution
      3.1. Introduction
      3.2. Seismic data: bandwidth and phase
      3.3. Zero phase and minimum phase
      3.4. Change of wavelet shape with depth
      3.5. Idealised wavelets
      3.6. Wavelet phase and processing
      3.6.1. Q compensation
      3.6.2. Zero phasing
      3.6.3. Bandwidth improvement
      3.7. Resolution
      3.7.1. problem of interference
      3.7.2. Simple models of interference
      3.7.3. Estimating vertical resolution from seismic
      3.7.4. effect of wavelet shape on resolution
      3.7.5. Lateral resolution
      3.8. Detectability
      4. Well to seismic ties
      4.1. Introduction
      4.2. Log calibration
      depth to time
      4.2.1. Velocities and scale
      4.2.2. Drift analysis and correction
      4.3. role of VSPs
      4.4. Well tie approaches using synthetics
      4.4.1. Well tie matching technique
      4.4.2. Adaptive technique
      4.5. well tie example
      4.6. Well tie issues
      4.6.1. Seismic character and phase ambiguity
      4.6.2. Stretch and squeeze
      4.6.3. Sense checking and phase perception
      4.6.4. Importance of tie accuracy in horizon mapping
      4.6.5. Understanding offset scaling
      4.6.6. Use of matching techniques to measure an improving tie
      5. Rock properties and AVO
      5.1. Introduction
      5.2. AVO response description
      5.2.1. Positive or negative AVO and the sign of the AVO gradient
      5.2.2. AVO classes and the AVO plot
      5.2.3. Introducing the AVO crossplot
      5.2.4. Examples of AVO responses
      5.3. Rock property controls on AVO
      5.3.1. Ranges of parameters for common sedimentary rocks
      5.3.2. role of compaction
      5.3.3. effect of fluid fill
      5.3.4. effects of rock fabric and pore geometry
      5.3.5. Bed thickness and layering
      5.3.6. effects of pressure
      5.3.7. Anisotropy
      5.4. rock model and its applications
      5.4.1. Examples of rock model applications
      5.5. Rock properties, AVO reflectivity and impedance
      5.5.1. AVO projections, coordinate rotations and weighted stacks
      5.5.2. Angle-dependent impedance
      5.5.3. Bandlimited impedance
      5.6. Seismic noise and AVO
      6. Seismic processing issues
      6.1. Introduction
      6.2. General processing issues
      6.2.1. Initial amplitude corrections
      6.2.2. Long-wavelength overburden effects
      6.2.3. Multiple removal
      6.2.4. Migration
      6.2.5. Moveout correction
      6.2.6. Final scaling
      6.2.7. Angle gathers and angle stacks
      6.3. Data conditioning for AVO analysis
      6.3.1. Spectral equalisation
      6.3.2. Residual moveout removal
      6.3.3. Amplitude scaling with offset
      6.3.4. Supergathers
      6.3.5. Gradient estimation and noise reduction
      7. Amplitude and AVO interpretation
      7.1. Introduction
      7.2. AVO and amplitude scenarios
      7.2.1. Class II/III hydrocarbon sands and Class I water sands
      7.2.2. Class III hydrocarbon and water sands
      7.2.3. Class IV hydrocarbon and water sands
      7.2.4. Class IIp hydrocarbon sands, Class I water sands
      7.2.5. Class I hydrocarbon sands, Class I water sands
      7.2.6. Multi-layered reservoirs
      7.2.7. Hydrocarbon contacts
      7.2.8. Carbonates
      7.2.9. Fractured reservoirs
      8. Rock physics for seismic modelling
      8.1. Introduction
      8.2. Rock physics models and relations
      8.2.1. Theoretical bounds
      8.2.2. Empirical models
      8.2.3. Gassmann's equation
      8.2.4. Minerals, fluids and porosity
      8.2.5. Dry rock relations
      8.2.6. Contact models
      8.2.7. Inclusion models
      8.3. Requirements for a rock physics study
      8.3.1. Data checklist
      8.3.2. Acoustic logs
      8.4. Data QC and log edits
      8.4.1. Bad hole effects
      8.4.2. Vp and Vs from sonic waveform analysis
      8.4.3. Log prediction
      8.4.4. Borehole invasion
      8.4.5. Sonic correction for anisotropy in deviated wells
      8.5. Practical issues in fluid substitution
      8.5.1. Shaley sands
      8.5.2. Laminated sands
      8.5.3. Low porosity and permeability sandstones
      8.6. Rock characterisation and modelling issues
      9. Seismic trace inversion
      9.1. Introduction
      9.2. Deterministic inversion
      9.2.1. Recursive inversion
      9.2.2. Sparse spike inversion
      9.2.3. Model-based inversion
      9.2.4. Inversion issues
      9.2.5. Inversion QC checklist
      9.2.6. Bandlimited vs broadband
      9.2.7. Inversion and AVO
      9.2.8. Issues with quantitative interpretation of deterministic inversions
      9.3. Stochastic inversion
      10. Seismic amplitude applications
      10.1. Introduction
      10.2. Litho/fluid-facies from seismic
      10.3. Reservoir properties from seismic
      10.3.1. Reservoir properties from deterministic inversion
      10.3.2. Simple regression, calibration and uncertainty
      10.3.3. Reservoir property mapping using geostatistical techniques
      10.3.4. Net pay estimation from seismic
      10.4. Time-lapse seismic
      10.5. Amplitudes in prospect evaluation
      10.5.1. interpreter's DHI checklist
      10.5.2. Bayesian approach to prospect risking
      10.5.3. Risking, statistics and other sense checks
      10.6. Seismic amplitude technology in reserves estimation.
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